过去分词 excuse meet am are see catch come give shut open air pu

keep sth/sb done 使某人(某事)被…….如：Keep you mouth shut and your eyes open.少说话,多干事.keep sth/sb doing 使……保持正在做的状态.比如keep him standing就是让他保持正在站着的这个状态

如果是过去分词的话,那肯定是 sth 是被怎样怎样.如 i get my hair cut . hair 是被cut 的 如果是现在分词,那就是一般句式

保证准确率.
play-played
study-studied
look-looked
smile-smiled
say-said
run-run
movemoved
have-had
buy-bought

1.must have done
表示对过去某事的肯定猜测,译为：过去肯定做了某事.不存在 mustn't have done 的形式.其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could) 来表示.例如：
Since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.既然路是湿的,那昨天晚上肯定下雨了.
He can't have missed the way.I drew him a map.他不可能迷路.我（当时）给他画了张图.
“The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?” 词典不见了,（过去）谁可能把它拿走了?
2.may / might have done
may / might have done 表示“过去可能做了某事”.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些.may/might not have done表示“过去可能没有做某事.”例如：
I can't find my keys.I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.我找不到我的钥匙了.我可能昨天把他们落在学校了.
John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad.约翰可能没有通过考试.他看起来很忧伤.
注意：may/might have done表推测不能用于疑问句中.
3.can/could have done 表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中,表示不相信或怀疑的态度.
Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通过了考试吗?
I think that he couldn’t/can't have gone abroad.I saw him just now.我认为他不可能出国了.我刚才还看见他了.
注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must 最大,could 其次,may 更次之,might 最小.例如：
“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.” “我想知道汤姆是怎么知道你的过去的.”
“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.” “他肯定/很可能/可能/兴许（没准儿）已从玛丽那儿听说此事了.”
在虚拟语气中的用法
1.should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做.”其否定结构 shouldn't have done 表示 “过去本不该做某事却做了.”
2.ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做.”其否定结构 oughtn't to have done 表示 “过去本不该做某事却做了.”
3.need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做.”其否定结构 needn't have done 表示 “过去本没必要做某事却做了.”
4.could (不能用 can) have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做.”注意：其否定形式 couldn't have done 没有虚拟语气的用法,couldn't have done 只能表推测,相当于 can't have done,意为：“过去不可能做了某事.”
5.might (不能用 may) have done 表示“过去本可以做某事却未做.” 注意：其否定形式 might not have done 没有虚拟语气的用法,might not have done 只能表推测,相当于 may not have done,意为：“过去可能没有做某事.”

have+过去分词 表示现在已经完成的事情或动作,对现在有影响,常与already.for,yet,.times 连用,一般不能接具体时间.

donation
held
perform
dance 可以作名词或动词.

动词过去式和过去分词法则
（一）、不规则动词过去式和过去分词
动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的.现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下.
一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d.如：
cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,put-put-put,cost-cost-cost,let-let-let,shut-shut-shut,set-set-set,hurt-hurt-hurt,spread-spread-spread
特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red].
二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的.如：
come-came-come,become-became-become,run-ran-run,overcome-overcame-overcome
三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同.如：
1.把单词结尾的字母d改为t.如：
lend-lent-lent,spend-spent-spent,send-sent-sent
2.改变单词中间元音字母.如：
sit-sat-sat,win-won-won,shine-shone-shone,hold-held-held
3.以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept.如：
keep-kept-kept,sleep-slept-slept,sweep-swept-swept
4.过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词.如：
buy-bought-bought,fight-fought-fought,think-thought-thought,bring-brought-brought,teach-taught-taught,catch-caught-caught
5.有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid.如：
say-said-said,lay-laid-laid,pay-paid-paid
6.另有一些其它形式的变化.如：
have-had-had,learn-learnt-learnt,leave-left-left,lose-lost-lost,make-made-made,meet-met-met,feel-felt-felt
四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u.如：
五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n.如：
blow- blew- blown,draw-drew-drawn,grow-grew-grown,throw-threw-thrown,know-knew-known
六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词.如：
rise-rose-risen,give-gave-given,take-took-taken,fall-fell-fallen,drive-drove-driven,eat-ate-eaten
特殊：write-wrote-written,speak-spoke-spoken,ride-rode-ridden,get-got-gotten
（二）、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种.
1) 规则变化
情况 例词 读音与说明
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed looked [lukt]
called [kC:ld]
opened [5EupEnd]
needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去

spoken English 是固定用法,意思是 英语口语
当然你可以理解成被动

Another canal will be projected.
另一条运河将被规划.
.Fans will not be disappointed.
不会让仰慕者失望.
He will not be praised
他不会受到表扬
【希望帮助到你,若有疑问,可以追问~~~
祝你学习进步,更上一层楼!(*^__^*)】

这里是is concerned (that...)从句,句中省略了that而已.a sharp slowdown would put many people out if jobs and create social unrest.
是从句.
第二个问题不太明白,是不是这种?He is actually the person who I am looking for.事实上,他就是我正在寻找的那个人.这种句子,副词actually 也可以放到句子的最前面.

1 bought
2 aired
3 lost
4 listen
5 emptied
这个填空是要求把句式从一般现在式变成过去式!

make sth done 让.被做,你的理解是正确的 .

首先,非谓语形式做状语,用逗号和主句隔开i,要么ing,要么ed,用哪个,要看动词和主语是主动还是被动关系,主动,ing,被动就ed,这里enter这个动作,显然是主语护士主动发出的,所以用entering,AB里选,再看后面,是个动词的形式用来补充说明宾语录音机的情况,表示录音机不见了,被偷了,如果用steal,应该是stolen(被偷了),所以A去掉,就B了,另外gone过去分词进化成形容词了,不见了的,丢了的,英语里很多过去分词都可以当形容词来用,表示状态.

which引导的非限定性定语从句,可以把which省略换成逗号
同位之间的两部分可以用逗号连接



不是同位短语（同位语是句子中指代同一事物的两个词语或是句子）

需要换的.
因为这个句子中做主语的不是简单的名词,那我们就要考虑是不是代词,从句或者动名词.
这个句子显然不是从句,因为没有从句的主语,所以是动名词短语做主语,只有加上being才能构成动名词短语,用caught是表示被动语态.

一、过去分词和现在分词 作定语,一般说来,如果是单个分词,就做前置定语,如果是分词短语,就做后置定语.但也有一些特殊的情况.
1.this is a developing country.
2.the lady talking with your teacher is a nurse.
3.he is an experienced teacher.
4.Tom hired a young worker called JOhn Hill.
二、动名词可直接放在名词前作定语.不能作后置定语.
Will the swimming pool be open today?

A grown man knows the world he lives in.
成熟的人清楚其生活的世界.
How long have you known?
你知道这事多久了?
He has invented a wholly factitious story about his past,so almost all the characters in that story are fictitious.
有关自己的过去,他完全人为地编造了一个故事,因此故事里的人物几乎都是虚构的.
My team has discovered 150.
我的小组发现了150颗.

counted

which引导的非限定性定语从句,可以把which省略换成逗号
同位之间的两部分可以用逗号连接



不是同位短语（同位语是句子中指代同一事物的两个词语或是句子）

过去分词用法
动词的过去分词用法灵活,应用广泛,在高考试卷中,单项填空、完形填空、短文改错等诸多题型都设置了对动词过去分词的考查.本文主要讨论它的句法功能在高考单项填空中的应用.
一、过去分词作定语
动词过去分词表示的意义是被动的和完成的,单个的分词作定语常常放在被修饰词的前面,而分词短语作定语时,通常置于被修饰词的后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句.且分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系.
1．Most of the artists ____________ to the party were from South Africa．［MET90］
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．had been invited
【简析】句中的most of the artists与invited之间是被动关系,故应选用过去分词,相当于who were invited,答案为A.
2．The computer centre,____________ last year,is very popular among the students in this school．［NMET93］
A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened
【简析】根据句中的last year可知the computer centre去年就开业了,表示完成的动作；而且open与the computer centre又存在被动关系,句意为：去年开办的计算机中心在这所学校里受到学生们的欢迎.答案为D.
3．The first textbooks ____________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century．［NMET94］
A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written
【简析】根据语境,我们应选D,因为written既表示被动又表示完成的动作.A不能作后置定语,B是不定式的被动语态,表示将来的动作,C表示正在进行的动作,均不合题意.
4．The Olympic Games,____________ in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912．［NMET97］
A．first playing B．to be first played C．first played D．to be first playing
【简析】根据题意可知,the Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系,因此可以排除A和D,另外B表示将来的动作,也应排除,故答案为C.它可还原成一个非限制性定语从句：which was first played in 776 BC.
二、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时,它常与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系.作条件、原因、时间状语时,分词短语常位于句首；作伴随、方式、结果状语时,分词短语常位于句末.
5．____________ more attention,the trees could have grown better．［MET90］
A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given
【简析】句子主语the trees与give之间是被动关系,故答案选A,过去分词短语Given more attention作条件状语,放于句首.
6．____________ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him．［NMET96］
A．Losing B．Having lost C．Lost D．To lose
【简析】be lost in thought为固定搭配,意为“陷入沉思”,因此答案选C.过去分词短语 Lost in thought与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且在句中作原因状语.
注意：过去分词作状语时,有时可以与一些连词连用,如：when, while, if, until, once等,这实际上是过去分词在省略句中的应用.
7．The research is so designed that once ____________ nothing can be done to change it．［NMET2002］ A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．begun
【简析】答案为D.once begun在句中作条件状语,它是状语从句once it is begun的省略形式,句意为：这项调查研究事先计划的如此完好,以致于一旦开始,什么也无法改变它.
8．Generally speaking, ______according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003’上海)
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
【简析】完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同,因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B.当然也可以省去when.
三、过去分词作表语
过去分词及过去分词短语作表语时,分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；而现在分词及其短语作表语时,分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系.
9．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____________ by the hour．［NMET98］
A．pay B．paying C．paid D．to pay
10．As we joined the big crowd I got ____________ from my friends．［NMET2001］
A．separated B．spared C．lost D．missed
【简析】第8题答案为C,过去分词paid作系动词get的表语,类似的用法还有：get married,get beaten,get excited,get caught in等.同样,第9题答案为A,句意为：当我们走进人群中时,我和朋友们分开了.
过去分词作表语时,应注意它和现在分词的区别：现在分词常常表示特征,意为“令人……”,而过去分词则表示状态,意为“（某人）感到……”.如：
11．I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time,but now I am interesting in football．［NMET97短文改错］ ［答案］将interesting改为interested.
四、过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时,常见的句式有：
1．使役动词或感官动词(have, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等)＋宾语＋过去分词.如：
Yesterday I had my bicycle repaired．
The teacher spoke so slowly so that he could make himself understood．
On my way back home, I heard my name called．
另外,have还有“遭受、遭遇”的意思.如：
Yesterday she had her wallet stolen when she was doing shopping．
12．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____________ ．［MET91］
A．hear B．to hear C．hearing D．heard
【简析】make oneself heard为固定结构,意为“使自己的声音被别人听到”,再如make oneself understood表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”,故答案为D.
13．-Good morning．Can I help you? -I'd like to have this package __________,madam．［MET89］ A．be weighed B．to be weighed C．to weigh D．weighed
【简析】have sth．done是固定结构,意为“让别人去做某事”或“让某事被别人完成”,该题表示“我想让别人称这个包裹”,因此答案为D,过去分词weighed作this package的宾语补足语.
2．某些动词（keep, leave, get, find）＋宾语＋过去分词.如：
If I get further information, I’ll keep you informed．
When I came into the classroom, I found it cleared．
3．介词with＋宾语＋过去分词.如：
The child was crying with the glass broken．
With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch．
14．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ____________ behind his back．［MET90］
A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
【简析】在with复合结构中,hands与tie之间含有被动关系,因此首先排除B,另外此处tied不但表示被动,还可以表示完成,因此A、C又可排除,故答案为D.
15．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____________ the next year．［NMET2000］
A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
【简析】该题句式结构较为复杂,首先,先行词the plan后跟一个由that引导的定语从句；在定语从句中,关系代词that替代the plan,又充当动词see的宾语,因此该空处于宾语补足语的位置；另外,the plan与carry out之间是动宾关系,故答案为C,构成see sth．done结构.
五、过去分词作独立成分
16．____________ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation．［NMET2000春季高考］
A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given
【简析】此题答案为A.此处given是介词,意为“假设,如果,考虑到”,句意为“鉴于他的健康状况,手术后康复还需要一段时间”.另外,given作为这一含义时,还可作连词,后接从句.如：
It seemed bad-tempered to send him away,given that he only wanted to take photographs．
六、情感动词的分词用法
形容词化的分词一直备受高考的关注,尤其是表心理情感的动词用V-ing形式,还是用V-ed形式,历年都考,其用法请见下表： V-ing 作定语和表语,形式为 sth.+V-ingV-ing+n. 使令人感到. V-ed作定语和表语,形式为sb.+V-edV-ed+n. 某人感到.
注：1 表示心理情感的动词在教材中多次出现.如 satisfy,please,move,delight,inspire,touch,disappoint,discourage,tire,frighten,excite,interest,surprise等都可以加上适当的分词形式来表示不同的意义.一般来说,V-ing形式有主动意义,是指事物影响到人；V-ed形式有被动意义,是指受了某事物的影响.如：
excited children高兴的孩子们 exciting news令人高兴的消息
2 有时过去分词也可以修饰事物,特别是与人有关的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等时,要用V-ed形式.如： excited tears激动的泪水 disappointed expression失望的神情

do-did-done

produce [prəu'dju:s,-'du:s,'prɔdju:s]
vt.生产；引起；创作
n.农产品,产品
vi.生产,创作
[ 过去式produced 过去分词produced 现在分词producing ]

情态动词把.我也不确定.
但是课本后面动词不规则过去式和过去分词表里面,两个情态动词.can may.就没有.

e+过去分词是被动语态
eg：I was taken away by my mother.
我被我妈妈带走了.

mistaken
和take 类似
过去式mistook

主句的主语为it,所以在看伴随状语的时候要注意主语和状语中动词的主被动关系.
这里it被describe,所以用过去分词表被动

went took was were started run didn't ate

1,、bored放在drivers前面
2、amazed放在passengers前面
两个都是做形容词用.

lied shopped driven enjoyed had listened got begun waited written

fought

C.heard 过去分词作宾补,使自己被别人听见（使别人听见你说啥）．

wondering
disgussed
lying
informed
handled

1.一般情况下,在动词后加-ed
work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped
2.在以- e结尾的动词后只加-d
close→closed like→liked agree→agreed
3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i再加ed
study→studied carry→carried try→tried
4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed
stop→stopped drop→dropped

什么的过去分词

found

make -- made ---made made made made made过去分词 make - made - made made

uy[过去分词] bought

（Exposed to sunlight for too much time）括号部分为该句子的主语 will do harm to one's skin.这句话还可以说成“It's harm to one's skin when sb.is exposed to sunlight for much time”...