独立主格结构的题 改错He lay on his book,his hands were crossed under h

独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分.With( without) 的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式.一、独立主格结构的特点 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系.3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.The test finished,we began our holiday.= When the test was finished,we began our holiday.4） 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词 二、独立主格结构的构成:名词普通格或代词主格 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语.1．名词（或代词） + 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态.He seating himself at the desk,his mother began to tell him a story.Everyone being ready,the teacher began his class.The food being cooked,the boy was watching TV.注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略.The weather（being）fine,we decided to go on an outing.独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略,一是在“There being + 名词”结构中,二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下.There being no bus,we had to walk home.It being Sunday,all the offices are closed.2．名词（或代词） + 不定式（短语） 不定式表示将来的动作.He suggested going for a picnic,Mary to provide the food.Many flowers and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.3．名词（或代词） + 过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作.The girls lay on her back,her hands crossed under her head.The workers worked still harder,their living conditions greatly improved.He was listening attentively in class,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.4．名词（或代词） + 形容词（短语） 形容词（短语）在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态 The floor wet,we had to stay outside for a while.He turned to me,his eyes sleepy.5．名词（或代词） + 副词 副词在独立主格结构中也多是说明名词或代词的状态.The meeting over,we all went home.School over,we all went home.6．名词（或代词） + 介词短语 A robber burst into the room,knife in hand.He left the office,tears in eyes.注意：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里,当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分.但with 的复合结构不受此限制.例如：The teacher came in,with a book in his hand.三、独立主格结构的作用：多用作状语 1.表示时间 His homework done（=After his homework was done）,Mary decided to go shopping.2.表示原因 There being no buses（=Because there were no buses）,we had to walk home.3.表示条件 Weather permitting（=If weather permits）,we’ll go to play basketball.4.表示方式或伴随 He sat at the table,head down.动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行.The manager looks worried,many things to be settled.The manager looks relaxed,many things settled.The man lay there,his hands trembling.四、With( without) 的复合结构的构成以及句法功能 （一）、with / without +宾语+宾语补足语构成复合结构的几种情况:1.with+名词/代词+形容词 He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.注意：在“with+名词/代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式.With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy.With his father well-known,the boy didn’t want to study.2.with+名词/代词+副词 The boy was walking,with his father ahead.= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.3.with+名词/代词+介词短语 He stood at the door,with a computer in his hand.= He stood at the door,and a computer was in his hand.4.with+名词/代词+动词过去分词 With his homework done,Peter went out to play.= When his homework was done,Peter went out to play.5.with+名词/代词+现在分词 The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.= When no one was noticing,he slipped through the window.6.with+名词/代词+动词不定式 The little boy looks sad,with so much homework to do.= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.（二）、With (without) 的复合结构的句法功能：定语和状语 1.There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover.(定语) 2.He stood in the rain,with his clothes wet.= He stood in the rain,and his clothes were wet.(伴随状语) 3 The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.=The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.（原因状语） 4．With the signal given,the train started.= After the signal was given,the train started.（时间状语）

在这种情况下必须把if去掉
因为也应该是If weather permits !If引导的从句动词应该是三单现.明白了吗?

记住一个口诀：to be 表将来,ing表现在表主动,过去分析表被动和过去

你是说完全倒装么?
全倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时.常见的结构有：
1) here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run.
There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词.
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装.
Here he comes.Away they went.
部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前.如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前.
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until… 等.
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装.
注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装.
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way,can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill,does he ever stay in bed.
as,though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前）.
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词.
2) 句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前.
Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用.
其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装.
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词,可将if 省略,把 were,had,should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装.
Were I you,I would try it again.
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子.独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系.这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开.需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词.
独立主格结构基本构成形式
名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）　
1.名词(代词)+现在分词
2.名词(代词)+过去分词
3.名词(代词)+不定式
4.名词(代词)+形容词
5.名词(代词)+副词
6.名词(代词)+名词
7.名词(代词) +介词短语
三、with,without 引导的独立主格结构
with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格.上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构.

独立主格结构的结构为：非谓语动词的逻辑主语+非谓语动词 如：We will go shopping,weather permitting.
没看到楼主的题目,希望你能根据以上能转换好自己要转换的句型.

应该不是作定语,Lucy 是句子的主语,而是把 独立主格结构插在句中了.
L ucy is part of what was once a 3.5-foot-tall ape-man ,
her name taken from a Bwatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery

Homework done and composition written ,Larry decided to go and see the film.

　　独立主格结构不是句子,它只是句子的一个独立成分,不需要连词与句子连接.在句子中通常做状语,表示伴随,原因等.
　　简要介绍如下：
　　一、独立主格结构的形式英语中,独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成独立主格结构.
　　1.名词 / 代词 + 不定式.如：
　　A house to be built,we must save every cent.由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱.
　　Now here is Li Lei,Wei Fang to come tomorrow.现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到.
　　2.名词 / 代词 + -ing分词.如：
　　The bus coming here soon,we should get everything ready.汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好.
　　Mother being ill,Li Lei was very worried.母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急.
　　3.名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词.如：
　　His cup broken,he used his bowl instead.茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替.
　　4.名词 / 代词 + 形容词.如：
　　The ground muddy,we should be careful.地面泞泥,我们应该小心.
　　5.名词 / 代词 + 副词.如：
　　The class over,we all went out to play.下课后,我们都出去玩.
　　6.名词 / 代词 + 介词短语.如(fromwww.***.com)：
　　Glasses in his hand,he asked where his glasses were.手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了.
　　二、独立主格结构的句法功能
　　独立主格结构在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况.
　　1.作时间状语
　　School over,the students went home.放学后,学生们都回家了.
　　The ceremony ended,the games began.仪式结束后,比赛开始了.
　　2.作条件状语
　　It being fine tomorrow,we’ll go boating.如果明天天气好的话,我们就去划船.
　　Li Lei coming,it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong.如果李蕾来的话,就没有必要叫吴东了.
　　3.作原因状语
　　The meeting being put off,we needn’t hurry.由于会议推迟了,我们就没有必要匆忙了.
　　Mr.Li being ill,Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead.李老师病了,杨老师将代他来给我们上这堂课.
　　4.作伴随状语
　　Mr.Li comes here,a book in his hand.李先生手里拿着书过来了.
　　A smile on her face,she asked what she could do for us.她面带微笑问道我们要什么.

独立主格即不成句子的解释成分，所以称“格”

一般所谓的独立结构就是指“独立主格结构”.实际上,还有其它独立结构,如分词独立结构、不定式独立结构.
例如：generally speaking, to be frankly等.

首先你要明确所谓独立主格就是分词当一个状语起修饰作用.ing表主动,-ed表被动.
being和have been 是跟时态有关系
前者是正在进行时的被动,后者是现在完成被动.所以不用太过纠结这个,只要明确主语和这个动词之间到底是主动还是被动的关系就可以了.

独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主格）,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语.其作用相当于状语,多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间和条件.这种结构多用在书面语中.
一、几种常见的独立主格结构形式
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）.如：
1）The moon appearing,they decided to go on with theirjouney.
2）Good-bye said,he went home.
2.名词（或代词）＋形容词.如：
3）The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.
3.名词（或代词）＋不定式.如：
4）Some of the money to be paid by the thief,the policewent.
4.名词（或代词）＋介词短语.如：
5）He climbed in,sword in hand.
5.名词（或代词）＋副词.如：
6）The meeting(being)over,we left the room.
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
(作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语)
1.All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.
2.The question settled,we went home.
3.The river having risen in the night,the crossing was impossible.
主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分词)
主格名词/代词 + 形容词
1.His mother being ill,he had to stay home to look after her.
2.Other things being equal,I would buy the black dress.
主格名词/代词 + 副词
The meeting being over,our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.
We to care for the children,you are able to be carefree
away from home.
主格名词/代词 + 不定式
主格名词/代词 +介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom,papers in hand.
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构
它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同.
with复合结构的模式是:
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
一,作时间状语
1,With winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and
some birds fly south.
=Winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and some
birds fly south.
二,作原因状语
1,With the weather terribly cold,we entered the
room to warm ourselves.
= The weather terribly cold,we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2,With the key having been lost,she could not
enter the room.
= The key having been lost,she could not enter the room.
三,作条件状语
1,With time permitting,we'll visit the Summer Palace.
= Time permitting,we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2,With the car going wrong,we'll have to stop
at the foot of the mountain.
= The car going wrong,we'll have to stop at the foot
of the mountain.
四,作伴随状语
1,The mother was cleaning the house with her baby
playing on the bed.
=The mother was cleaning the house,her baby playing
on the bed.
2,Last night I followed him,with a sword in my hand.
= Last night I followed him ,sword in hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语.如下例中的was就必须去掉:
He sat at the desk reading
with a pen was in his right hand.
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and
flowers in blossom.
= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green
and whose flowers were in blossom.

首先从整个句子来看,它属于并列句,因为有“so"在,前面的句子I是主语,have是谓语,a lot of things是宾语,to do 是补语,这句里没有独立主格结构,看后面,I是主语,be able to attend是谓语,the meeting 是宾语,to be held 是不定式做定语,后面是时间状语,所以整个句子中并没有独立主格结构啊,祝您学习愉快!

现在分词表示与主语之间是主动地关系,过去分词表示分词与主语之间是被动的关系.
Eg .Atrracted by the beauty of nature,he decided to stay for another week.
He lay on the bed,reading a book.
在第一个句子中,attracted 与它的主语he 之间是被动的关系.he was attracted.
在第二个句子中,reading与它的主语he 之间是主动地关系.he is reading a book.主动地去读

不是.
独立主格结构通常放在句首,如
Wether permitting,we will go for a picnic.
apples included是宾语补足语
Included是apples的后置定语
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独立主格结构是一种结构,不是一个从句,从句的本质是关系词+一个完整的句子.
独立主格结构明显不是一个句子的.
独立主格结构的用法中,非谓语的逻辑主语跟主句的助于不一致,而且该逻辑主语不能省略.
举例：
You on the bed,your brother comes in.
He studying the book,the teacher calls him.

是一种省略.说全就是with a gun on his shoulder.把with和冠词代词都省了.还有一种情形也不加冠词就是倒装的让步状语,例如 Boy as he is,he has already been in charge of taking care of his families.

非限制性定语从句：
The factory produced many famous cars every year,none of (which were )shopped to foreign countries
独立主格结
The factory produced many famous cars every year,none of (them )shopped to foreign countries.
看到区别了吧.

不是省略了being.his heard lowered是独立主格结构,属于“主语+过去分词”这种类型.再如：His homework finished,he went home.原句还原回普通两个并列句子是：He sat on the edge the kang,and his heard was lowered.

独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

许多时候,独立主格结构,即名词或者代词+非谓语结构,该名词或者代词是该非谓语结构的主语,两者一起可以用从句来代替.比如 Weather being fine, they went shopping. 可以写成：As the weather was fine, they went shopping.
不过光是后面的非谓语结构不能用从句替换,因为从句本身就包含了主语,再另外加个主语,是行不通的.
希望对你有用~

独立主格
由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构.
（一）独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词
名词(代词)+形容词
名词(代词)+副词
名词(代词)+不定式
名词(代词) +介词短语构成
独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况.
1、名词或代词主格 + 分词
①The experiment done,the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.
实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录.
②Time permitting,we can have a walk around the playground after supper.
如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散步.
2、名词或代词主格 + 形容词
①Computers very small,we can use them widely.电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们.
② The clothes very dirty,you'd better wash them quickly.衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!
3、名词或代词主格 + 不定式
The last guest to arrive,our party was started.最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了.
4、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语
① Our English teacher came into the classroom,papers in hand.
我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷.
② There is a river in the valley,fresh flowers on the banks.
山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花.
5、名词或代词主格 + 副词
① The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室.
② The lights off,we could not go on with the work.灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了.

独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成.
（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系.
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假.
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep
sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中.
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你.
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家.
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家.
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了.
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆.
10.2 With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构.
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with
+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构.当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导.由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词）,也不用复数.但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his).
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词.
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking
straight up.
典型例题：
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句. 句中使用了逗号,且we
小写,可知其不是两个简单句.能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构.据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构, 其结构为：名词+分词.
由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B.
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a
walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可.

All the task having been fulfilled ahead of time（提前完成了）,they decided to go on holiday for a week.
主要是看后面的主语,如果和前面的动词时主动的关系的话,用的是having,
被动的关系的用的是had...
不能用不定式的.

1.独立主格的结构:
逻辑主语（名词或代词主格）+ 分词、形容词、介词短语或其他
1） 名词/主格代词+现在分词.如：
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him),he didn”t know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.
2） 名词/主格代词+过去分词.
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken),she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard.
由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字.
3） 名词/主格代词+形容词.如：
So many people absent,the meeting had to be called off.
这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消.
4） 名词/主格代词+副词.如：
The meeting over,they all went home.
会议一结束,他们就都回家了.
5） 名词/主格代词+介词短语.如：
The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand.
那男孩手里拿着书去教室.
2.独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等.例如：
1) 表示时间
The meeting being over,all of us went home.
开完会后我们都回家了.
2） 表示条件
The condition being favourable,he may succeed.
若条件有利,他或许能成功.
3） 表示原因
There being no taxis,we had to walk.
没有出租车,我们只好步行.
4） 表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all.
几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体

主语发出动作用主动（现在分词）
主语接受动作用被动（过去分词）

一、概念：有时一个名词/代词 + 一个其他结构,在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句或并列句,人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构.
二、独立主格的结构：
n/pron + doing River rising,they had to left for safety.
to do Much work to do,they had to work for extra hours.
done All the work done,they went for lunch.
adj.He entered the room,his nose red with cold.
adv.He was lying in bed,light on.
Prepositional phrase He walked in,cane in hand.
在这种结构中,n/pron.在逻辑上是后一部分的主语,后一部分相当于谓语或表语.这种结构在句子中只能作状语,
三、独立主格在句中通常充当以下状语成分：
1、 伴随状语（方式状语）：相当于一个并列句.
He was watching TV,his mouth half open.
He fell to the ground,blood coming down his nose.
The policeman entered the dark room,gun in hand.
The old man sat down,his face pale with pain.
2、 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句.
Meeting over,everyone tried to do something for the project.
Spring coming,the flowers are coming out.
The problem settled,everyone was filled with joy.
3、 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句.
John (being) away,Tom had to do the work on his own.
It being dark,they had to walk with the torches on.
There being no bus,they had no choice but to take a taxi.
4、 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句.
Weather permitting,we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.
Enough time given,we’ll do the job better.
注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with,构成with +复合宾语结构.
如：With the problem settled,the computer restarted.
With the old man leading,we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.
You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.
He left the bathroom,with the water running.
He rushed out with a knife in his hand.此句可改写为 He rushed out ,a knife in his hand.或 He rushed out,knife in hand.
但是,“with + 复合宾语”结构也可以用作定语.
如：Soon they found themselves walking in a valley with high mountains aroud it.
He lives in a village with a railway behind it.
Harry Potter is a boy with a scar on his forehead.

就是看对主语来说,是被动还是主动啊

独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词) 现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词) 形容词； 名词(代词) 副词； 名词(代词) 不定式； 名词(代词) 介词短语构成.（二） 独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系.3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.举例：The test finished,we began our holiday.= When the test was finished,we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假.The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中.Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你.This done,we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家.The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家.He came into the room,his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了.He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆.10.2 With的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构.with 名词(代词) 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例:He stood there,his hand raised.= He stood there,with his hand raise.典型例题 The murder was brought in,with his hands ___ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 答案D.with 名词（代词） 分词 介词短语结构.当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导.由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.注意:1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词）,也不用复数.但 with 的复合结构不受此限制 A robber burst into the room,knife in hand.( hand前不能加his).2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词.He lay there,his teeth set,his hand clenched,his eyes looking straight up.典型例题：Weather___,we'll go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句.句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句.能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构.据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为：名词 分词.由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B.如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits,we'll go out for a walk.然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可.

详细的可以看：）~
http://www.cenet.whu.edu.cn/ability/Print.asp?ArticleID=641
独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主格）,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语.其作用相当于状语,多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间和条件.这种结构多用在书面语中.
一、几种常见的独立主格结构形式
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）.如：
1）The moon appearing,they decided to go on with theirjouney.
2）Good-bye said,he went home.
2.名词（或代词）＋形容词.如：
3）The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.
3.名词（或代词）＋不定式.如：
4）Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the policewent.
4.名词（或代词）＋介词短语.如：
5）He climbed in,sword in hand.
5.名词（或代词）＋副词.如：
6）The meeting(being)over, we left the room.
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
(作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语)
1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
2. The question settled, we went home.
3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.
主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分词)
主格名词/代词 + 形容词
1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.
主格名词/代词 + 副词
The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.
We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree
away from home.
主格名词/代词 + 不定式
主格名词/代词 +介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构
它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同.
with复合结构的模式是:
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
一,作时间状语
1,With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and
some birds fly south.
=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some
birds fly south.
二,作原因状语
1,With the weather terribly cold, we entered the
room to warm ourselves.
= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2,With the key having been lost, she could not
enter the room.
= The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
三,作条件状语
1,With time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
= Time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2,With the car going wrong, we'll have to stop
at the foot of the mountain.
= The car going wrong, we'll have to stop at the foot
of the mountain.
四,作伴随状语
1,The mother was cleaning the house with her baby
playing on the bed.
=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing
on the bed.
2,Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand.
= Last night I followed him , sword in hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语.如下例中的was就必须去掉:
He sat at the desk reading
with a pen was in his right hand.
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and
flowers in blossom.
= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green
and whose flowers were in blossom.

独立主格结构有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词或形容词、副词、或介词短语.前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系.独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语.

主句的主语和分句的主语不同,分句的谓语动词用动词的ing形式.
例如：
It being raining outside,Melly goes to school without her umbrella.
前半句表条件,句意为：外边在下雨,Melly去学校没带伞.

所谓独立主格,就短语中拥有自己的逻辑主语
如If time permits,we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
Time permitting,we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
两个表示同一个意思,显然前者是条件状语从句,由if引导；
而后者则是一个句子,time是permitting的主语,又与主句有一定因果上的联系,这样独立主格结构就使得句子的意思更加完整了.

首先...状语的主语和本句主语必须保持一致,但是呢,独立主格的主语不是本句的主语.例如 Looking at the boy,the girl becomes sad 这里的looking是girl发出的动作,过去分词和这一句的主语要保持一致 That girl looking at the boy,the girl becomes sad 而要是独立主格结构的话,分词主语和句子主语没有关系.这里的looking是that girl发出而不是the girl发出了

给个例句我看看.特别是含有定语从句的逻辑主语和现实主语的句子,这样的概念我第一次碰到.看来你们老师的英语非常精深.

【非谓语动词 】
　　在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词.非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词).
1）不定式
时态语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　
　一般式　　　　to do　　　　　 to be done
完成式　　　 to have done　　to have been done
2）动名词
时态语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　
　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done
　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done
3）分词
时态语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　
　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done
　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done　
　　否定形式：not +不定式,　not + 动名词,　not + 现在分词
【独立主格 】
（一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成.
（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
　　1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
　　2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系.
　　3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.
举例：
　　The test finished,we began our holiday.
　= When the test was finished,we began our holiday.
　　考试结束了,我们开始放假.
　　The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
　= After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
　　总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中.
　　Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.
　　如果天气允许,我们明天去看你.
This done,we went home.
　　工作完成后,我们才回家.
　　The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.
　　会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家.
　　He came into the room,his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了.
　　He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.
　他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆

I live in a house, its windows facing south

不一样.
1 独立主格结构的主语和主句的主语不同,这里的“独立”表示的就是这个意思.
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等.
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him),he didn”t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.
显然这里the girl和he 是两个不同的主语.
Time permitting (= If time permits),we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.
2 分词的逻辑主语多数是主句的主语.
1)The students entered the classroom ,following the teacher .
following的主语是The students
2)The teacher entered the classroom ,followed by the students .
3)Those wishing to go there may put up your hands.
wishing的主语是Those
欢迎探讨词法语法问题.

你说的什么意思呀,独立主格结构本身就有主语,怎么还会有逻辑上的主语?
Everything having been considered,he decided to carry out the plan.
Everything having been considered就是独立主格结构,everything就是这个结构中的主语呀

Having been done 是现在分词的完成时的被动语态,用的时候常常会出现一个段时间状语.如：
Having been built for two years, the building will be used as a hospital
done是过去分词,表示被动和完成,如
completed last month, the building will be used as a hospital
having done 是现在分词的完成时的主动形式,用的时候常常会出现一个段时间状语.如
Having worked for a long time , the workers are all very tired.
这些看完了你应该知道题目怎么做了吧

动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语通常是一致的 但也有不一致的情况.如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,则要在动名词后加一个物主代词,或名词所有格,构成动名词的复合结构.动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格,名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成的.eg:His coming made me very happy. 独立主格的构成方法：名词或代词+分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词 独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,所以在语法上不是句子.此结构通常在句中起方式、时间、条件、等状语或状语从句的作用.使用独立主格结构时,注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来.（简单的说独立主格与句子主体间要有逗号.）介绍几种结构：1名词或代词+分词 eg:Weather permitting,we will go fishing.2.名词或代词+不定式 eg:The exam to be held tomorrow,I could not go to the cinema tonight.3 名词或代词+形容词、副词eg:He enter the room,his nose red with cold 4.名词或介词+介词短语5.名词或代词+名词6.there 表存在时,也构成独立主格结构 eg:There being no buses, they walked to the theatre.7.介词+复合宾语即介词+宾语+宾补 说了这么多也不知道你看明白没有 总之一句话 你这个句子既不是动名词复合结构也不是独立主格结构,独立主格是一个结构 与句子主体之间要有逗号.你的这个句子是动名词做主语.

你的表达我不是很清楚.不过我是这么想的,冠词基本没有多大关系,如果原本是有的,那就不要删,不然会改变原意,说知道是一个包还是两个呢,或者三四个呢?是吧?独立主格的话不要跟with 结构混在一起.不知道你的那个句子具体是什么样子的.一般为什么是独立主格是因为没有实际谓语,但是句子意思可以分析出来,但是自己又不能独立成句,因为它的谓语是动名词、不定式或过去式,所以他只能附着于一句完成的句子中,但是又不能随便插进去.希望对你有帮助.

独立主格
（一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成.
（二） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.
2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系.
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.
举例：
The test finished,we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished,we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假.
The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中.
Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你.
This done,we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家.
The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家.
He came into the room,his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了.
He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆

一般,当主句主语与从句主语不一致时,从句可采用独立主格形式,即从句主语+从句宾语（从句表语）,

不是省略with,with可要可不要.
本句还可以等同于with引导的独立主格结构：He lay there, with his teeth set, his hand clenched and his eyes looking straight up.
你明白了吗?

第一题 其实是 时间状语
第二题 才是 强调动作发生在前的 原因状语
第一句是 相继发生 直接用分词 即可
第二句 是 先后发生 强调动作发生在前所以用 现在分词的完成形式
注意 相继发生 和先后发生 不是一个概念 前者时间是连续的 没有间隙
后者 两个动作 先后 时间之间 有间隙

好奇怪的句子啊.
虽然 可以当作独立主格结构.

因为主句和分句的主语不同
if you stand
VS
if you standing
standing 是现在进行式
stand是现在式
if 是未来式
the park looks more beautiful
公园看上去更加迷人（漂亮）
you standing on the top of the mountain
你站在山顶上
不行滴

独立主格结构（在句中作状语,表示伴随、方式、原因、条件等）：名词/代词+形容词、可作表语的副词、分词、不定式、介词短语等.如：Time permitting, we will go with you.He entered, his hands red with cold / boo...