novelty的意思

这种东西可以结合上下文理解,你没有给上下文,我就自己查了一下,查到一篇描写婴儿行为问卷研究的学术文章,里面有这个词：distress to novelty.我现在粘帖出来,咱们一起来分析一下它如何译才好：Background and aims:Individual differences in infancy are traditionally investigated in either the cognitive (e.g.perception,attention) or the emotional domain (e.g.temperament).Evidence on the relation between both domains is scarce but suggests systematic relations between temperament and cognitive performance as well as attrition rate in visual attention tasks at 3 to 5 months of age.As yet,the temperament-cognition interface has not been explored in older infants or in a more demanding cognitive task.We therefore investigated 7-months-olds` temperament and its relations to information processing and attrition rate in a global categorization task.Methods:In a paired-comparison visual categorization task (animals,vehicles),N=63 7-month-olds were familiarized with five different pairs of stimuli from one category,followed by two test trials contrasting a novel familiar-category-item with a novel out-of-category-item (left-right positioning counterbalanced,trial duration 15 sec.).Measures of information processing were:total looking time,strength of familiarization response and strength of categorization response.Temperament was assessed by the German Version of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) prior to the experimental session.Parents’ ratings were combined into five temperament scores:smiling/laughter,soothability,distress to limits,distress to novelty and motor activity.这篇文章的地址是：http://www.***.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/9/4/0/0/p94004_index.html 如果你有兴趣可以全文阅读,是一篇论文.阅读上段内容,我认为distress to novelty是一个学术词汇,在本段中要译出学术气,建议如下翻译：Parents’ ratings were combined into five temperament scores:smiling/laughter,soothability,distress to limits,distress to novelty and motor activity.父母评分包括在“婴儿气质评估”部份,分别在以下五类气质中给分：微笑/大笑、安静、烦躁、恐新气质（对新事物感到焦虑）和好动

大致翻译：新鲜事物往往带着冲破既有期望的困难出现,这种困难表现为人们的抗拒.
结构分析：novelty 是主语,emerges是谓语,后面的是介宾结构做状语修饰谓语动词.
这个介宾结构内部的宾语部分,difficulty against a background provided by expectation （对抗由期望形成的背景的困难）中间插入了过去分词短语manifested by resistance （由抗拒中表现出来）做定语,修饰difficulty.
expectation期望,这里应该表达的是人们既有的,先入为主的一些观念.

抓住每一刻其独特新颖,也无须准备你的快乐

新奇按钮短冷期
platknit肋骨
桃红色格子花呢披肩蝴蝶短小集合

The Greeks had held novelty in such disdain as we...

新奇和
特殊用途

倒装，语序还原后为：If the Greeks had held novelty in such disdain as we
hold sth. in disdain 鄙视……
had ... held 属于虚拟语气。因为希腊人实际上创造了很多伟大的艺术品。

句意：
要是希腊人像我们如此鄙视创新
含嘲讽的...

sold under Chinese brand names 是goods的后置定语,完整表达是,goods which are sold under Chinese brand names,这儿把先行词which 和系动词are省略掉了,goods和sell之间是被动,因此用sold.
而however是副词,放在主语后,是插入语,可以把它挪到句首,就是However,what's ……

novelty and increasing levels of challenge整体作be exposed to的宾语,分开应是to be exposed to novelty and be exposed to increasing levels of challenge,所以用动名词,是因为作介词to(不是不定式!)的宾语

他对小说的兴趣是有目共睹的.