Advertisers are increasingly cautious about taking out ads a

英语翻译
1.Reach and frequency.
Advertisers must choose some combination of reach and frequency to attain their
advertising objectives.Reach is defined as the number of individuals or households exposed to at least one ad during a given period of time—typically four weeks.The term can be used in connection with a single media vehicle or a media schedule comprising a number of different media vehicles.Reach is typically expressed as a percent of the target audience:for example,if the target audience was 100.000 persons and the media schedule reached 70.000,the reach would be 70 percent.Ordinarily,costs rise at an increasing rate as higher levels of reach are sought.
Duplication occurs whenever a marketer purchases a second medium .some portion of the audience of the first medium is almost always part of the audience of the second medium.Assume that medium A has an audience of 100.000persons and medium B,90.000,if 40.000 of the persons exposed to medium B are also members of A’ s audience,then buying the two media yields an unduplicated audience of 150.000---not 190.000,duplication leads to frequency,which is the number of times the target audience is exposed to a message within a given tome period--- usually four weeks.
There are several problems in using these measures.First is the matter of defining the target audience and correlating it with the audiences reached by the various media vehicles.A second problem is defining exposure---is it an opportunity to be exposed to a given message or is it an actual reading of a print ad,actual watching of a TV commercial,or actual listening to an ad in radio?Needless to say,it is a difficult task to measure exposure no matter how it is defined.Third,not all who are exposed are of equal value to the advertiser----some may not even be prospects.Fourth,how should successive exposures be weighted?Is a second exposure worth more than a third?And how much time should elapse between exposures?
Reach and frequency measures ate used to prepare the advertising schedule,which,in turn,determines total advertising expenditures.In estimating the cost of a given schedule,media planners simplify their task by using gross rating points,which ate calculated by multiplying reach by average frequency.Assume a reach of 70 percent and a desired average frequency of four,the number of GRPs would then he 280.By multiplying this by an estimated cost per GRP,the cost for a proposed media schedule can he estimated.

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英语翻译
翻译 ：For example,some advertisers have appealed to people's desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage.

英语翻译
Advertisers are horrified .Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking isoff it will stay off.Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.People willnot get fewer ads,he says.“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.”
其中Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking isoff it will stay off.和says consumers will be worse off怎么翻译,放在文里看不懂,

television have made it possible for advertisers to capture of millions of people..
句话中possible前面为什么不用is ,

英语翻译
When advertisers create a brand,for example,they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image.Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication.But television is an expensive medium,and not all advertisers can afford to use it.

英语语法问题
provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer 中为什么加 to 是词组 provide sb to do 吗

Advertisers and service providers take ___________ at the mobile phone users in Xiamen University Town. A．aim B．goal C．object D．purpose

magazines are popular with advertisers because of narrow market that they deliver。
后半段怎么翻译？那个 that 和they 分别代指什么！太纠结了这段话。

英语翻译
Advertisers may try to make us want a product by suggesting that most people,or the bestpeople,already use it and that we will no doubt want to follow them.No one Iikes to be inferior to others and these advertisements suggest that you will be unless you buy the product.