游艇科技文献翻译悬赏100分求翻译,链接地址http://www.***.com/downloads/2001012

the optimal shape is expected. Sometimes, however, it
is beneficial that an initial design is changed considerably
and more than initially assumed. (This might be
due to the lack of experience when developing an entirely
new project.) Consequently, giving the modeling
process more freedom will greatly assist in finding an
optimum – which might then even lie outside the naval
architect’s conventional experience.
最佳形状预期.但是,有时这是有益的初步设计是相当大的变化,更比最初设想. （这可能是由于缺乏经验,在开发一个全新的项目.）因此,在建模过程中给予更多的自由将大大有助于找到一个最佳的-这可能那么即使是非海军建筑师的传统经验.此外,有时可能导致形状不适合课堂规则的要求实施.通常,当优化弓附近的波阻力的章节数量球根类顺风福禄过程中出现的,矛盾的凸性限制. （这是由于有利的再分配的位移-至少在游艇重型位移动态升降机没有发挥重要作用.）考虑形状代级规则在早期阶段已经建立了有形的优势.
A special branch of the FRIENDSHIP Modeler –
called IACC-Friend2 – has been derived by the authors
extending the direct modeling approach to comply with
the IAC-Class rules (IACC, 1997).
阿友谊Modeler中的特殊分支-所谓协委会- Friend2 -已经得出了）提交扩大直接建模方法,以符合国际综艺合家欢级规则（协委会,1997年.In order to meet the hull’s convexity requirement an
additional optimization layer has been introduced in the
design process. Tab. 1 shows the three layers which are
used in the direct design mode where the sectional area
curve forms an integral part of the input to the modeling,
see also HARRIES AND ABT (1999b). Tab. 2 presents
an advanced approach where large shape variations can
be realized while class requirements are simultaneously
fulfilled. An additional layer is introduced to balance the
shape changes due to a hydrodynamic optimization with
the restrictions given by the rule. 为了满足船体的凸性要求额外的优化过程中引入了层的设计.标签. 1显示了三种建模层其中用于直接设计模式,其中的截面积曲线形式的一个组成部分的投入,也见哈里斯和ABT（1999年b）.标签. 2介绍了一种先进的形状变化大的地方可以实现,而类要求同时完成.一个额外的层引入平衡的形状变化由于水动力的规则赋予的限制与优化.For instance, the longitudinal position of the maximum
breadth of the design waterline is a typical and
effective design variable for a hydrodynamic optimization.
The longitude of the maximum beam of the deck
should then be utilized as a free variable at a level where
formula constraints are accommodated – i.e., at layer 2
in Tab. 2 – such that the hull maintains its convexity. At
this level typical integral form parameters which are selected
as design variables are implemented as equality
constraints. Positional and differential form parameters
are generally treated at layer 1 but may be passed to either
level 2 or 3 depending on the design problem at
hand. At the lowest level – i.e., at layer 0 – the B-splines
are computed according to the input received from levels1
to 3.
例如,设计水线纵向位置的最大宽度是一个典型的和有效的设计变量的水动力优化.甲板经度的最高梁然后应变量作为一个自由利用的水平,其中公式约束住-即在层标签2英寸2 - 这样的船体保持其凸性.在这个级别典型的积分形式限制参数,平等是选定设计,变量实施.位置和差别待遇的形式参数,一般在1层,但要么可以通过2级或3问题取决于设计在手.在最低水平-即在层0 - B样条计算根据输入levels1收到3.
由于采用的基本准则公平曲线来确定B样条,形状创建的参数化方法本质上是公平的.公平标准（见哈里斯和ABT,1999年b）的美洲杯级2International面向建模参数优化中最小的一个,有利于循环部分-即圆形的自然形状的.为了更好地塑造一个额外的控制参数已被设计成允许方便地设计部分路段直或拉直梯形部分典型.这种新的形式参数是垂直位置的一横B样条曲线插值曲线在预定的参数.该参数定义的形式显示标签. 3.Appendages
Similar to the direct design mode for modeling the canoe
body of a yacht, the keel fin and bulb can be parametrically
described and modeled. While the fin and winglet
may be described readily from excellent wing section
data – for instance via scaling, blending and merging in
a longitudinal sweep operation – the bulb generally is
a free-form object. A bulb’s volume and its distribution
for example should be accurately defined by means of
a sectional area curve, enabling the designer to specify
the mass and center of gravity.
An advanced feature of this approach is the method
of modifying natural shapes, i.e., shapes that originate
from the B-spline optimization when neglecting centroid
information. The centroid of the section is modified
relative to an unconstrained optimization. This
means: After computing a section the highest and lowest
centroid position is determined from a vertex transformation
in which a zero curvature condition is applied
at the upper and lower ends of each B-spline curve,
respectively. From this the extreme centroid locations
are calculated and mapped onto an unified parameter
space. Subsequently, each design section is computed
anew with the desired centroid location retrieved from
the basic curve which defines the centroid modification
along the bulb axis. The basic curves defining the contour,
sectional area curve and the centroid modifier are
类似附属物的游艇设计模式独木舟机构直接建模的,龙骨鳍和灯泡可参数化描述和建模.虽然尾翼和小翼可以说是很容易从优秀机翼部分数据-例如通过缩放,融合和操作融合在一个纵向扫-灯泡一般是一个自由形式的对象.一个灯泡的体积和它的榜样分配应准确地定义曲线,是指一截面面积,从而使设计师指定的质量和引力中心.一个这种方法先进的特点是即法修改的自然形状,形状源于B样条优化时忽略质心的信息.本节质心的修改相对于一个无约束的优化.这意味着：在转型后计算的零曲率条件适用于一节中的最高和最低的质心位置确定从一个顶点上,样条曲线的下端的每个B -分别.从这个极端的质心位置的计算和空间映射到一个统一的参数.随后,每个设计部分是重新计算所需的质心轴与球的位置取自基本沿曲线修改定义的重心.改性剂的质心基本轮廓曲线定义,截面积曲线和正displayed in Fig. 6 for an example bulb. Naturally, those
basic curves are also determined via form parameters.
The bulbs depicted in Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 exactly feature
the same weight and longitudinal center of gravity but
originate from changes in the centroid modifier.
For a hydrodynamic optimization the form parameters
of all four basic curves can be readily applied. The
volume and center of gravity of the bulb are usually to
be kept constant while the tangents of the sectional area
Measure of MeritModelerCFDToolPlausiblity ChecksOptimizationChangeConjugate Gradient MethodCheckCheckMeasure of MeritFormparameters
FIGURE 10: Optimization Process
curve may be varied. Also, the contours are subject to
possible change. Of course, from the set of bulb form
parameters any suitable subset can be selected.
OPTIMIZATION
In the proposed parametric design method a yacht’s geometry
is created in terms of its direct properties as expressed
by its form parameters. The hull is determined
from optimizing the fairness criteria and, consequently,
the generated shapes
. accurately meet all desired properties and
. intrinsically acquire excellent fairness.
Both features are key prerequisites for the optimization
of a yacht’s most important indirect properties, i.e.,
its various hydrodynamic qualities like resistance, sea-
keeping and lift-drag ratio.
图中显示. 6一个例子灯泡.当然,这些基本的曲线也都很有决心通过形式参数.灯泡图描绘研究. 7至图. 9完全功能相同的重量和重心纵向中心,而是源于改性剂改变重心.对于水动力优化的四个基本参数曲线的形式都可以很方便地运用.灯泡的体积和中心的重心通常要保持不变,而10切线的MeritFormparameters图的截面积测量MethodCheckCheckMeasure的MeritModelerCFDToolPlausiblity ChecksOptimizationChangeConjugate梯度：优化工艺曲线可能不尽相同.此外,轮廓受到可能的变化.当然,从参数设置任何形式的灯泡可以选择合适的子集.优化在建议的参数化设计方法游艇的几何参数创建的窗体中所表达的范围,作为其直接的性能.船体决定从优化的公平的标准,因此,生成的形状.准确地满足所有需要的性质.本质上取得良好的公平性.两种特点,即主要先决条件的优化性能的一个游艇上的最重要的间接的,它的各种特质一样抵抗水动力,海洋的保存和升阻比.

最佳形状预期。但是，有时这是有益的初步设计是相当大的变化，更比最初设想。 （这可能是由于缺乏经验，在开发一个全新的项目。）因此，在建模过程中给予更多的自由将大大有助于找到一个最佳的-这可能那么即使是非海军建筑师的传统经验。此外，有时可能导致形状不适合课堂规则的要求实施。通常，当优化弓附近的波阻力的章节数量球根类顺风福禄过程中出现的，矛盾的凸性限制。 （这是由于有利的再分配的位移-至少在游艇重型位移...

第20在游艇设计和游艇建筑的国际Hiswa讨论会由空气润滑的越来越少的摩擦阻力 E.J. Foeth 海研究所荷兰(马林) 摘要船抵抗减退是一个有效方式减少营业成本和二氧化碳生产。 做抵抗和形式的波浪扯拽可以被优选船型减少，但是摩擦阻力依然是比例与被弄湿的表面。 使用空气作为润滑剂为了减少摩擦阻力是活跃研究题目和三个技术被辨认： 注射在界面层，使用的气泡沿底下镀层和使用空气洞的空气影片在ship'...