围岩与支架共同作用的原理是什么?它对围岩支护有什么指导意义?

建议你到百度baidu或谷歌搜索一下,看看有没有相关信息资料可以帮你.

这个问题是必然存在的,你可以在布置测点断面喷锚时将反光标用塑料袋包住,喷完后在揭开,在施工时告诫施工单位注意测点的保护.关键是协调好.

Abstract: the stope and goaf filling roof-contacted is the important methods to protect the tiberium spike, reducing roof strata movement and surface subsidence, utmost recycling resource, and it plays an important role of controlling pressure activities and safeguarding the safety of mining. At present there are four ways of goaf filling roof-contacted , firstly is artificial contact, second is flow automatically contact, third is pressurized contact,fourth is the mechanical equipment contact. The proportion of flow automatically contact is 70% in international underground mines. basically underground metal mine application methods of artesian goaf connect top, therefore, through to pick up their top technology research, to realize the seamless connection goaf and roof strata to effective control downhole pressure activities, safeguard secure and efficient production capacity has a very important significance.
Keywords: artesian, mandatory connect top, observation, liquidity, sexual configuration, exalted receive top, gelled material, setting time

其实严格来说是不应该有差别的,但是因为在不同的阶段,地质资料的详细程度和研究深度不同,深度是逐渐深入的,所以造成可能不同阶段围岩分级不同.一般阶段越靠前,越偏保守一点.

画图示意后,用普氏塌落拱法计算,不是太难.

三级围岩,上下台阶一般都采用钻爆法,上导坑施工先行,再施工下导坑,下导坑施工一侧先行,再施工另一侧,至于台阶法施工图,不就是上下两个台阶进行掘进,比较容易画吧.施工时,一般是循环作业,并且上下导坑可以同时掘进.

Product synopsis:
Self-drilling anchor is hollow without casing, drill pipe can be broken rock, loose soil, such as weak surrounding rock in the drilling and grouting of the threaded rod body. Can be drilling, grouting and anchoring function integration, has the characteristics of convenient construction, reliable and efficient. International standard thread processed formation on the surface of rod body, with drilling, grouting, anchor car machine standard drilling tools such as reliable connection.
Product application:
My company developed by self-drilling anchor hollow as a kind of effective anchorage method, applicable to the complicated geological conditions, loose, broken, easily collapse hole after drilling geological supporting engineering, widely used in surrounding rock forepole, radial support, slope, foundation pit supporting, roadway support, soil nailing wall and pull back type anchor rod retaining wall surrounding rock supporting engineering.

含粘土类矿物：主要有高岭石、蒙脱石和水云母等.含这类矿物多的岩石有各种粘土岩、页岩及泥岩.这类岩石的特点是硬度小,具可塑性,遇水膨胀、软化和黏结.
少数火山岩也存在类似状况,比如说容易粘土化的流纹质岩石,或凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩等,也容易吸水膨胀.
上面这些一般容易风化,摸起来有粘土或是高岭土的感觉.
含碳酸盐类矿物：主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、菱锰矿等.含这类矿物多的岩石有石灰岩、白云岩和泥质灰岩等.容易水解.
这些比较容易看,找方解石就行,小刀能划动,遇酸能反应冒泡

根据就是各种隧道相对应的施工规范

abstract：
this article will project construction disturbance original rock, excavation unloading of surrounding rock caused by a strong stress differentiation, make the rock mass damage, stored in surrounding rock of the elastic strain energy suddenly release, produce the brittle failure, cause excavation space surrounding rock burst of loose, peel, ejection even projectile a dynamic mechanics phenomenon, known as the rock burst. And from the characteristics of rock burst, the rockburst intensity classification, conditions of the cause of rock burst, causing factors of rock burst, the rockburst monitoring and forecasting methods, rockburst construction countermeasures and safety measures, etc. Of the analysis of rock burst. And rock burst prevention and governance is the final purpose of rockburst study, thus achieves for control and change the influence factors of rock burst, and prevent or delay the occurrence of rock burst.
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