adverse,reverse,opposite,contrary.这四个单词的意思如何区分.

最好改为下面形式更合理：

It could bring 【an】adverse 【effect】【on】the company itself.
or
It could 【have】【an】adverse 【influence 】 to the company itself.

adverse adj.不利的；有害的；逆的；相反的
Scolding sometimes brings about an adverse effect on a child.
责骂有时会对小孩子造成相反的效果.

Diseases are adverse to the best growth of children.
疾病对儿童的健康成长是有害的.

It's adverse to your interests.
这对你的利益是不利的.
祝你开心如意!

两个词都有反面的,相反的意思.区别是adverse有敌对的,不利的的意思,而reverse仅仅表示相反的,另外,adverse只能做形容词而reverse还能做名词表示背面和动词表示颠倒.

Chances of surviving an adverse environment always show appreciations for those who can adapt better to it.

　　主语部分：Chances of surviving an adverse environment
　　 【核心名词】Chances
　　 【后置定语】of surviving an adverse environment （动名词短语）
　　谓语部分：always show appreciations for those who can adapt better to it
　　 【频度状语修饰的谓语动词】always show
　　 【宾语】appreciations for those who can adapt better to it
　　 — 宾语核心词 —— appreciations for those
　　 — 定语从句 ——who can adapt better to it

【参考译文】在恶劣环境生存的运气对那些能够更好适应它的人总是表示出一些感谢（无上下文,不好作更加贴切的翻译）.

2.In fact,your ambiguous words amount to a refusal.

　　评注性状语：In fact,
　　主语：your ambiguous words
　　谓语部分：amountto a refusal

【参考译文】事实上,你那些模棱两可的话实际上是一种托辞.

3.The law has been amended to read as follows.

　　主语：The law
　　复合谓语动词：has been amended
　　保留宾语（或主语补足语）：to read as follows（


【注】
主动语态为 has amended the law to read as follows
as follows 是非限制性定语从句,as 指代前面的句子 the law has been amended to read,
read as follows 的意思是“全文如下”

【参考译文】这种法律已经被修改为如下所列的全文.

（Be)are adverse to 是固定短语哟：意思是：反对.
这里的adverse是形容词,相反的,不利的意思,be+adj+to
快采纳哟,不明可追问的

这句话是双重否定句,意为“英语的广泛使用的确会有不利影响.”这里的does 属于谓语成分（其实也算是系动词）,而后面的 come without adverse effects则属于宾语,细分的话,without adverse effects属于宾语补足语.

inverse:强调正反,顺序颠倒
比如
数学里的反函数
inverse function
在某些语言里,问句的顺序是颠倒的
In some languages,the word order in questions is inverted
reverse:强调里外,上下颠倒,逆转
比如:
他把盘子翻了过来
He reverses the dish.
不可逆转的失败
an irreversable failure
converse:多半用于正规场合 比如口语:Conversely,not all the people are happy 相反地,并不是每个人都开心

这里提供一下,老外对EFFECT和AFFECT的精准解释.
Affect vs Effect Definition
Have you been wondering what the proper usage is when referring to the state of something? Is it "Affect" or "Effect". The easiest way to clear these often confused words are by knowing their true definition.
Affect (verb) To influence something without causing it to happen.
Effect (noun) Is the result that was accomplished or to directly cause something.

Affected vs Effected
When to use Affected vs Effected. Let's now apply usage so that it makes sense.
Winning the lottery Affected me
The Effect was exhilarating!
In that example Affect was the influence on Effect the result.
Here is an example when Effect means to cause something directly.
Can the president Effect such great change without Affecting the middle class?

When all else fails..
Affect is an Action
Effect is an End result

所以,affect指正在形成中的影响,一个动作,不指结果,类似于look VS Find中LOOK的表达；
effect是已形成的结果,类似于look VS Find中find的表达.

（Be)is adverse to 是固定短语哟：意思是：反对.
这里的adverse是形容词,相反的,不利的意思,be+adj+to
在这里to是介词,不是不定式的符号.
例如：The development was adverse to our interests.这种发展与我们的利益背道而驰.
如果带to 的短语后可以跟名词,那么to就是介词.
如：listen to music to就是介词,但是listen to 不跟动词.
而 be happy to do 后面只会跟动词,不会跟名词.to是不定式.

主句 I will investigate some of the adverse effects within market economies around the globe.
television advertising has on viewers 是定语从句修饰the adverse effects.它在定语从句中做has 的宾语,所以省略了关系词.
此句可以翻译为：我将要在全球的经济市场内调查电视广告对于电视观众的不利影响.

一、The proliferation of English does not come without adverse effects 这句话是双重否定句.
1.谓语动词 come 前加了否定助动词 does not 表示“不会产生”；
2.介词短语 without adverse effects 表示“如果没有各种反作用/下没有各种反作用的情况下/不伴随有各种反作用”.
这个句子可以直译为：英语的急速传播如果在没有各种反作用的条件下就不会产生.
否定之否定等于肯定,因此也就等于说“英语的急速传播随同着各种反作用才会产生”,因此等于 The proliferation of English come with adverse effects,只不过前者是强调陈述,后者是一般陈述
二、这个句子的谓语动词应该是 does not come,即“助动词 does not + 动词”,come 只是谓语部分的主要动词.

换gross只是不太地道的问题.
是实质性重大变更的意思