以“Obesity in Children”为题,英语作文50词左右要指出造成儿童肥胖的原因及解决办法.具体如下.

Doctors say obesity，also known as severe overweight，is a complex condition.A doctor may advise medical interventions(医疗干预) in addition to changes in behavior.But experts say the more successful weight­loss plans include a well­balanced diet and exercise.
People who want to avoid weight gain have to balance the number of calories they eat with the number of calories they use.To lose weight，you can reduce the number of calories you take in，or increase the number you use，or both.Experts at the National Institutes of Health say to lose weight，a person should do some moderate or intensive physical exercise most days of the week.This could include fast walking，sports or strength training.
A recent study looked at four of the most popular dieting plans in the United States.Researchers at Stanford University studied more than three hundred overweight women，mostly in their thirties or forties.Each woman went on one of the four plans：Atkins，The Zone，Ornish or LEARN.The women attended diet classes and received written information about the food plans.At the end of a year，the women on the Atkins diet had lost the most，more than four and a half kilograms on average.
Christopher Gardner led the study，reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association. He said the Atkins diet may be more successful because of its simple message to lower the intake of sugar.Also，he said the advice to increase protein in the diet leads to more satisfying meals.
But last week，another report suggested that only a small minority of people have long­term success in dieting.Researchers at the University of California found that most dieters regained their lost weight within five years.And often they gained back even more.But those who kept the weight off generally were the ones who exercised.
小题1:All the following is helpful to lose weight EXCEPT________.

A．a healthy diet	B．physical exercise
C．medical interventions	D．being polite to others

小题2:You are most likely to gain too much weight if________.

A．you eat the same number of calories as the number you use

B．you take in less calories than the number you use

C．you take in more calories than the number you use

D．you take exercise regularly on the weekdays

小题3:The third paragraph mainly tells us that________.

A．there are four popular dieting plans in the USA

B．the Atkins diet has the best effect on losing weight

C．lots of women attended diet classes every day

D．dieting plan is the most important

小题4:Which one of the following is NOT right according to this passage?

A．The change of your life habits can help you lose weight.

B．You’d better exercise once a week to lose some weight.

C．The Atkins diet may be good because of lowering the intake of sugar.

D．Some people gain weight back for their unhealthy diet.

小题5:Which one of the following is the best title for this passage?

A．Successful Weight­loss Plans	B．Four Popular Dieting Plans
C．What Is the Atkins Diet?	D．Few People Fail in Losing Weight

obesity(肥胖) in children and adolescents is rising at an alarming rate. currently over 15% of young people over 6 years old are obese, and obesity is also increasing among children aged 5 and younger.
children are considered to be overweight if the bmi(body mass index) is over 85% of the weight group in their age and sex categories. if it is 95% and over, they are considered to be obese. adolescents are generally judged according to adult criteria(标准) for obesity, although there are other considerations in this population, for many factors will affect the result of these measurements.
causes and risk factors for obesity in children
lifestyle factors. without educational or parental guidance, children are extremely greatly exposed to the cultural pressures that are largely responsible for growth of the obesity. neither the media nor the educational system has strong programs that encourage healthy way of life, including exercise and healthy foods. the following are some specific problems created by the culture:
﹡too much television watching plays an important role in obesity in children. not only is it a passive activity, but television also offers countless temptations(***) with its advertisements for fast foods, sugar cereals, and unhealthy snacks. in one study obesity rate were lowest in children who watched television one hour or less a day and highest in those who watched four or more hours.
﹡sugar, particularly from soda, other sweet drinks, and fruit juice, may be major contributors to childhood obesity. one study reported that drinking soda regularly increases a child’s risk for obesity by 60%.
﹡less physical exercise and greater sitting activities play another significant role in obesity in children. a high level of physical activity – not just using up energy – is important for weight control in young people.
family history. parental obesity more than doubles the risk that a young child, whether thin or overweight, will become obese as an adult. in older children and teenagers, obesity in parents starts to affect less as a predictor(预言) for body weight than their own weight. the risk may be due to environmental or genetic factors, or both.
ethnic and socioeconomic factors. as in adult populations, children from lower socioeconomic groups and minority populations are at higher risk for obesity. for example, among young mexican americans and african americans, there has been an increase in overweight trend of about 13% to over 23%.
69.what’s the main idea of the passage? ______________.
a. the trend of obesity b. causes of obesity
c. fight against obesity d. obesity in children
70.how many main factors leading to obesity in children are mentioned?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
71.according to the passage, which of the following children is most likely to be obese?
a. a 5-year-old child whose parents are overweight.
b. a 16-year-old teenager whose parents are obese.
c. a child who watches tv one hour per day.
d. a child who take regular exercise.
72.which of the following is not true?
a. parents should give some guidance on healthy lifestyles.
b. watching tv four hours a day will surely lead to obesity in children.
c. children from minority populations are more likely to be obese.
d. children should take more physical exercises.

It is obvious that doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?
The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say.
“So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there,” said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance . “Patients are not told about the possibility of diabetes (糖尿病),” she said. “And doctors don’t feel they have good information to give. They felt that they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem.
The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know that they’re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.
Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past—and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity­related diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn. , which ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. “If you’re to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them and coach them,” he said.
He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic.
“Part of this is that there’s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that overweight people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self­indulgent and all that business,” he said. “If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”
小题1:What is the Stop Obesity Alliance most probably in Paragraph 3?

A．An organization of doctors suffering from obesity.

B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.

C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.

D．A research group dealing with doctor-patient relationship.

小题2:How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?

A．About 350.	B．About 390.
C．About 900.	D．About 1,000.

小题3:What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?

A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.

B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.

C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.

D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.

小题4:According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?

A．Most doctors never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.

B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.

C．Most patients are too weak-willed to do anything about their weight.

D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.

小题5:Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Obesity in the U. S.

B．Trouble of overweight Americans.

C．Talk more, help better.

D．Doctors or patients---who to bear more blame?[