明太祖朱元璋读《论语》非常敬仰孔子，但读《孟子》就很厌恶孟子，曾经想把孟子的牌位搬出孔庙。《孟子》一书中哪一句话最可能招

明初的中书省组织庞大,职权很重,这一部门远承古代的宰相（丞相）制度,近袭元朝中书省“录军国重事”的旧制.省内设左、右相国（后改为丞相）为长官,还设有平章政事、左右丞、参知政事等高级官僚,以及作为职能办事人员的左右司郎中、员外郎、中书舍人等等.吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六部仅是中书省下属的机构,六部的领导人尚书、侍郎等不过是丞相的属员.当时的中书省不但有“综理机务”的职权,而且全国各级各部门给皇帝上的奏报,也规定要“先白中书省”,一切以皇帝名义发出的诏令谕旨,也经中书省再下达,俨然是设置在皇帝和国家机关中间的一级权力部门,是必要的中转站.任丞相的人更是仅处在皇帝一人之下,高踞于百官之上的权要,明初最早任李善长,徐达二人为左右相国（丞相）,李是文臣之首,徐是军队之帅,其余担任过丞相职务的李文忠、汪广洋、胡惟庸等人,也全是勋贵之臣,这更说明中书省的位尊权重.应该说,设置中书省这样的部门并授予如此重权,不仅是与中国封建社会政治制度近2000年来不断压抑相权以尊君权,不断防范和限制臣权有任何侵犯君权的发展趋势相抵牾的,而且也不符合封建社会晚期高度君主专制统治的需要,更是为全力独揽大权的明太祖朱元璋所不能接受的.据历史记载,胡惟庸任丞相时,“专生杀黜陟,以恣威福.内外诸司封事入奏,惟庸先取视之,有病己者辄匿不闻.由是奔竞之徒,趋其门下”.洪武十二年（公元1380年）,朱元璋以“谋反”的罪名杀了胡惟庸,并宣布对中央朝廷的官制作大幅度的改变.
其实,胡惟庸案不过是一个偶发的事件,说胡惟庸通谋日本和蒙古进行叛变是缺乏可信证据的.问题的实质在于,朱元璋对于中书省在自己执行皇权时造成掣时和潜在的威胁,早就高度不满和戒备.再加上,胡惟庸恃功骄纵,跋扈揽权,更促使矛盾激化,朱元璋终于作了断然处置.在此之前,朱元璋就曾几度要削减中书省的权力,取消胡惟庸等以丞相身份通过中书省对各级国家机关的控制,如在洪武十一年（公元1378年）三月下旨,“令奏事毋关白中书省”,明显的意图是要限制中书省的职权,但这还不能从制度上根本解决问题,矛盾仍然相继出现,最终撤销中书省,废除丞相制遂难以避免.
洪武十三年中央官制的改变,包括以下几方面的重要内容：1.撤销中书省,宣布永远废除丞相一职.朱元璋特别强调自古以来丞相制度的“弊端”,“自秦始制丞相,不旋踵而亡.汉、唐、宋虽有贤相,然其中多少人专权乱政”.他规定,废除丞相之后,“事权归于朝廷”,“嗣君不许复立丞相,臣下敢以请者,置重典”.2.提高六部的官秩职权,直接由皇帝领导指挥.3.将统领军权的大都督府分为中、左、右、前、后五军都督府.这样的变动,实质上就是在行政上,由皇权完全兼并了相权,皇帝实际上是总尚书；在军事统率上,则是爪分了臣下的指挥权,皇帝实际上也是总都督.一切最高的军政权力完全集中掌握于一人手中,并在制度上获得保证.朱元璋意图一劳永逸地解决历史上长期存在的皇权与相权、帅权的矛盾,希望使自己的统治安如磐石.
但是,事态的发展难以尽符主观愿望.首先是,以一个人的时间精力来驾驭一个封建大帝国国家机器的运转,是极难做到的.仅供武十七年（公元1384年）九月十四日到二十一日,八日之间,收到中央和地方各部门的奏件就有1660份,其中反映的事件共有3391件.要求皇帝一一亲自批答如此浩繁的章奏,一一裁决如此众多的事件,显然是不可能的.“密勿论思,不可无人”.设置一定形式的辅政机关仍然有必要.

1.C.军机处是雍正皇帝时设立的,文字狱也是在清朝时最为鼎盛,但在明朝时也有一些.
2.D应为宗教来源于人们的思想上,经过长期的所受的感染,早已根深蒂固,是不可能一下子被彻底消除的,而宗教只是社会的一小部分,社会很复杂,自然也不是小小的宗教改革就能使一个国家摆脱教会剥削的,只是为了适应社会的发展.
不知你明白了吗?

双手劈开生死路 ,一刀割断是非根.

Ming and Qing Dynasties two generation of emperors live the imperial city is called Forbidden City.Forbidden City has two, one in Beijing, one in Nanjing.The Nanjing Forbidden City is Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and constructs Wen Dizhu to permit 4 emperors and Qing Dynasty 10 emperors.They rule the world in here, will rule the Chinese for 491 years, will be near for five centuries. Why is this Imperial Palace called Forbidden City? Originally, China ancient times the astronomy theory, according to the outer space heavenly body long-term observation, thought the purple faint star wall resides in the culmination eternal, the position invariable, is the God occupies.Thus, occupies the God the heavenly palace says the purple palace, has “purple micro center” saying. Feudal emperor calls self is the God son, is the real dragon emperor; But they live the imperial palace, analogies as the space purple palace.They will hope oneself body occupies the purple palace, may administer by Germany, the four directions naturalizes, eight arrive at court, will forever be solid this to the landscape, will maintain long-term dominant the goal. Ming and Qing Dynasties two generation of emperors, stemming from maintain them the authority and the dignity as well as considered own security, constructs imperial palace, both splendid, and stern barrier.This city, not only the palace, the pavilion is layer on layer packed side by side, and encircles by 10 meter high city walls and 52 meter wide moat, moreover the sentry post stands in great numbers, the alert is stern.The common people do not need to say watches the tower palace Chinese style pavilion, looks at the top of lintel palace angle, also is does not permit absolutely. Ming and Qing Dynasties emperor and the family member lives the imperial palace, besides the palace maid, the court eunuch, the bodyguard who serves for them, only then who calls for an interview the official as well as the personnel who specially permits can enter.Here is the bystander cannot overstep Lei Chi one step the forbidden area.Therefore, Ming and Qing Dynasties two generation of imperial palaces, both Yu Weizi palace, and is endures, the old friends call Forbidden City. Beijing Forbidden City area 724250 square meters, but also not moat and moat and city wall afforested belt computation.The palace house floor space is 155000 even cubic meters.Forbidden City is a rectangular city, the north and south length 961 meters, the thing width 753 meters, all around has the height 10 meter many city wall encompassments, city wall outside is 3428 meters (outside city wall has width 52 meters moats along the perimeter, is the protect guard Forbidden City's critical facility).The city wall nearby the fours has one respectively, south is Wumen, north is the supernatural might gate, east for east China gate, west for Xihua gate.The city wall four jiao have four design exquisite watchtowers. The Beijing Forbidden City prepared for construction in Chengzu of the Ming Yunglo (in 1404 ~ in 1424) five years, constructed in the Yunglo 15 years to 18 years.The entire building project oversees the manufacture of by marquis Chen Gui, is responsible is specifically plans in Shi Wu.Forbidden City is located center the capital city, the axle wire passed through center the palace wall, also is passed through in Forbidden City three main halls, three big palaces.The Forbidden City main entrance for due south gate Wumen, Wumen is in the imperial city the highest gate place, in the dynasty pardons, offers the prisoner of war and so on the significant ceremony all to hold in Wumen.Its north gate is the supernatural might gate, the east gate is east the Chinese gate, the west gate is the Xihua gate. Forbidden City takes the Ming and Qing Dynasties two generation of imperial cities, also divides into the outer court, the imperial palace two parts.The outer court is emperor the work place.All national significant activity and each kind of etiquette, all in outer court hold.The outer court - - too - - guarantees both sides the axle wire and the axle wire palace Chinese style pavilion porch by Tiananmen - - end gate - - Wumen with the palace - - neutral palace which is composed with the palace luxuriant composes.The imperial palace is a place which emperor the empress lives, does clear palace group compositions and so on the palace, junction peaceful palace, empress' palace, Emperor's garden and both sides thing six palaces including the axle wire in.

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　　为了巩固明王朝的统治,朱元璋在明王朝建立后,从政治、经济、军事等许多方面做了一系列的整顿和改革,进一步强化了中央集权制度.
　　1376年,朱元璋废除了元代行省制度,在全国设置了13个承宣布政使司,设布政使司,都指挥使司,提刑按审使司分管行政、军事和司法.这三个部门合称“三司”,统属中央省辖.
　　1380年,朱元璋又借胡惟庸谋反案,对中央机构进一步改革,废除了中书省和丞相一职,由六部分理政务,听命于皇帝,在政治上增强中央集权.军事上,朱元璋改大都督府为五军都督府,在全国设立卫所制度,将军权也集中于上.在司法上,设立大理寺,都审院,刑部合称三法司主管刑狱之事.通过这些改革,朱元璋集大权于一身,有利于明初政治的统一和政权的巩固.
　　在经济上,朱元璋鉴于元末农民大起义的历史教训,制定了休养生息的政策,积极推行恢复和发展生产的有利措施.他多次减免各地的赋税,大力推行垦荒、屯田的政策,并规定3年免征赋税.这些都大大推进了经济恢复的步伐.据统计,明初的15年中,新垦田数共达1.8亿多万亩,占当时全国可耕地的一半.
　　此外,朱元璋还十分注重水利工程的整治和兴修.明初共修陂渠,堤岸5000多处；疏浚河道4100多条；开掘堰塘4.09万多处.在朱元璋统治时期,明政权吏治也较为清明,这与朱元璋大力打击贪官污吏、土谊劣绅是分不开的.朱元璋对于胆敢贪污的官吏,经常剥皮示众,并制成人皮囊悬于官府,惩戒官吏,一时间政清人和,据洪武二十六年的统计数字,明初全国户数增长近10倍,耕地面积扩大4倍,农业、工业、手工业都有较快发展.
　　朱元璋一生勤于政事,事必躬亲,是我国封建社会中不多见的杰出君主.他建立了明王朝,为我国民族统一大家庭的发展做出了卓越贡献.但他这个地方阶级政治家同历史上的许多皇帝一样,为了巩固其统治,滥杀无辜,屡兴大狱,先后诛杀数万人.许多功臣勋将,文人墨客都惨死在他的屠刀下,又体现了他作为封建帝王的残暴.
　　特别要指出的是,朱元璋首倡以领先股文取士,使明代无数知识分子摇头摆尾,死攻八股,至死不悟,范进中举就是最鲜明的写照.以八股取士的制度极大地束缚了人们的头脑,扼杀了无数人的才华.这一制度后被清朝统治者继承下来,成为束缚人民思想的桎梏.

Spring Festival pastes the spring festival couplet the folk custom to result from Song,and starts in the Ming Dynasty to be in vogue.According to the history book record,Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang is very fond of the antithetical couplet,not only own wield a brush writing,but also encourages official under the emperor writing frequently.Some year lunar New Year's Eve,he passes on the aim:“The high-ranking court official gentleman family,in the gate must add spring festival couplet one.” First day the date great-grandfathergreat-grandmother wears poor clothing so as to be inconspicious goes on an inspection tour,seeing enhances one another's beauty the spring festival couplet feels extremely happily.When his line to household others,sees in the gate not to have the spring festival couplet,then why asks.The original master is kills the pig,was worrying cannot find the human to write the spring festival couplet.Zhu Yuanzhang wrote immediately writes down “both hands to break out lives the blind alley,a knife cut off the right and wrong root” the spring festival couplet has given this household others.May see Zhu Yuanzhang from this story to spring festival couplet promoting with great effort,also is precisely because his promoting with great effort,impelled the spring festival couplet to be in vogue generally.To settled the generation,the spring festival couplet ideological nature and the artistry all had the very big enhancement,the spring festival couplet monograph which Liang Zhangju compiled "a Threshold Association Clump of Speech" has all made 11 elaboration to the couplets hung in front of a hall origin and each kind of work characteristic.The spring festival couplet in at that time has become one literary arts form.
好长的一篇文章!
春节快乐!