comprehension和 understanding的区别

Reading comprehensionA. Choose the best answer. (12分)

Letter A

To the Editor: Why do our children have 11 weeks of summer vacation? Many years ago, 85 percent of Americans worked on farms. Children needed summer vacation because they helped with the farm work. Today only 3 percent of Americans work on farms. But our children still have long summer vacations. American students lose one or two months of learning during their summer vacations. Away from school for so many weeks students forget what they learned. Experts say that students lose maths skills and reading skills. At the beginning of school in September, teachers have to review last year’s studies for the first four to six weeks of school. Summer vacations are not great opportunities for learning. Most parents work outside of the home. They can’t be with their kids during the long summer months. Some families can pay for summer camps, but many can’t. Most children stay home and watch TV. They are bored. Most children do not learn new skills during the summer. James, Teacher

Letter B

To the Editor: I am against a longer school year. I believe people learn everywhere, not just in school. I believe children gain experience in the world. Summer vacation is a great opportunity. Kids can discover the world outside of school. They can learn to do things they can’t learn in a classroom. They can learn to swim and ride bikes. They can travel or go to summer camps. They can take time to do things like cooking and art. Some can get summer jobs. They can get work experience or help people in the community. They can spend time with people of other ages. Basically, they can get more experience in the world. Long summer vacations give families time together. During the school year, everyone is busy. During summer vacations, we take time to do things together. Vacations are good for families. Linda, Parent

小题1:According to the chart, which two countries have the same number of school days?

A．England and Australia .	B．Singapore and Thailand.
C．Japan and the United States.	D．South Korea and China.

小题2:James says that, many years ago, most children used their vacation time to _______________.

A．study in school	B．go to summer camps
C．have new experiences	D．help on the farm

小题3:James says most parents _______________ during the summer months.

A．travel abroad	B．are with their children
C．are busy with their work	D．go to summer camps

小题4:Linda says children can get _______________ during the summer months.

A．no time to watch TV	B．more work experience
C．more classroom time	D．better reading skills

小题5:According to Linda, children do a lot of activities except that _______________.

A．they learn to swim and ride bikes	B．they go to summer camps
C．they do cooking	D．they improve maths skills

小题6:What is best title of the Letter B?

A．Yes to a Longer School Year	B．Vacations Are a Way of Experiencing
C．Adults Need More Vacation Time	D．Vacations Are Boring to Families

Reading Comprehension
Section B
Directions：Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
　　Are organically grown foods the best food choices？The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally (传统地) grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Supporters of organic foods—a term whose meaning varies greatly—frequently announce that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.
　　The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the flood of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized.
　　Almost daily the public is besieged by claims for “no-aging” diets, new vitamins and other wonder foods. There are numerous unproved reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.
　　One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers，particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
1.The “welcome development” mentioned in paragraph 2 is an increase in ______.
　　A. attention to food safety and nutrition among north Americans
　　B. the nutritional quality of the typical North American diet
　　C. the amount of healthy food grown in North America
　　D. the number of consumers in North America
2. The author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers buy organic foods instead of conventionally grown foods because ______.
　　A. organic foods can be more expensive but are often not better than conventionally grown foods
　　B. many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown foods
　　C. conventionally grown foods are more readily available than organic foods
　　D. too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops
3.What is the author’s attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods？
　　A. Enthusiastic. B. Favorable. C. Neutral. D. Distrustful.

PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION ( 30 points)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.
When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast” in Spanish.
Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country’s second most important export.
Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors.
Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.
56. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. How Columbus found Costa Rica. B. How Costa Rica got its name.
C. What the Costa Ricans wore. D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.
57. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______.
A. pink and redB. grey and black
C. blue and green D. yellow and orange
58. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______.
A. must go to school B. study in the same school
C. do not have to go to school at allD. can choose to stop schooling at any time
59. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______.
A. have lessons every day B. have their examinations
C. help their parents pick coffee beansD. help their parents decorate their houses
60. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. Christopher Columbus B. Costa Rica
C. some products from Costa Rica D. the education of Costa Rica

III. Reading Comprehension 40%
Section A 30%
Directions：Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Riding was the favourite activity of Thomas Jefferson, who was the third President of the United States. He usually rode good horses.
One day, he was riding outside Washington, when a jockey (赛马师) came near. He did not know the President, but his professional eye was attracted by Mr. Jefferson’s horse. He stopped and said that he wanted to buy the horse, but Mr. Jefferson politely refused his offer.
The jockey offered more money for the horse, because the closer he looked at the horse, the more he liked it. All of his offers were refused, which made him angry. He then became rude, but his rudeness left as little an impression as his money, for Jefferson had a very good temper. At last, he hit Mr. Jefferson’s horse with his whip, getting it to run suddenly. This would have thrown a less skillful rider to the ground, but Jefferson stayed on his seat, and controlled his horse well.
The jockey then gave up. He rode with Mr. Jefferson side by side and began to talk with him about politics. Jefferson joined in the conversation. When they got into the city and came close to the gate of the presidential mansion (总统府), Mr. Jefferson stopped, and politely invited the man to enter.
The jockey was surprised and asked, “Why? Do you live here?”
“Yes” was the simple reply.
“Why, stranger, what’s your name?”
“My name is Thomas Jefferson.”
Embarrassed, the man quickly left, while the President looked at him with a smile and then rode through the gate.
1. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Jefferson and the Jockey B. Jefferson’s Interest
C. Be Polite to Everyone D. No Pain, No Gain
2. Which word can best describe the jockey?
A. Professional. B. Skillful. C. Impatient. D. Impolite.
3. The underlined word “embarrassed” can be replaced by “__________”.
A. worried B. pleased C. hurried D. ashamed
4. We can infer from the passage that __________.
A. the jockey had once bought a horse from another stranger
B. Mr. Jefferson was very good at riding a horse
C. Mr. Jefferson would invite the jockey to his own house later
D. the jockey would not talk about this experience to others
5. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?
A. The President of the US is fond of riding.
B. The jockey managed to buy the horse from Mr. Jefferson.
C. Mr. Jefferson, the third President of the United States, was a man of good manners.
D. All the presidents of the US have expensive horses.

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension: 35%
Part A: Cloze Test 15%
Competition for admission to the country’s top private schools has always been tough. This is spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise 50 data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent and religious schools all told the same 51: too many applicants, higher rejection rates. Surveys indicate that Americans’ No. 1 52 is education. 53 the long economic boom(繁荣) has given parents more income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $10,000 a year. “We’re getting applicants from a broader area, 54, than we ever have in the past,” said Besty Haugh of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in 55 this year.
The problem is that while demand has increased, supply has not. “Every year, there are a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, there are a(n) 56 number of children who don’t have places,” said Krents, who also heads a private-school admissions group in New York.
So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old a(n) 57? Schools know there is no simple way to pick a class when children are so young. Many schools give preference to boys or girls or alumni(校友) children. Some use lotteries. But most rely on a 58 of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best 59 developmental maturity and learning potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays 60 at the wrong time year, or because too many applicants were boys.
The worst thing a parent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform --- 61, by pushing them to read or do math exercises 62 they’re ready. Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for 63. Another year in preschool may be all that’s needed. Parents, meanwhile, may need a more 64 mind about relatively unknown private schools --- or about magnet（具有吸引力的）schools in the public system. There’s no sign of the private-school boom letting up.
50. A. traditional B. current C. processed D. average
51. A. story B. advice C. context D. promise
52. A. venture B. concern C. occupation D. interest
53. A. For that B. So that C. Now that D. After that
54. A. intellectually B. psychologically C. commercially D. geographically
55. A. applications B. locations C. schools D. admissions
56. A. considerate B. inadequate C. significant D. moderate
57. A. advantage B. skill C. place D. school
58. A. choice B. mix C. preference D. base
59. A. identify B. exploit C. employ D. confirm
60. A. set B. fix C. date D. fall
61. A. in a word B. to a great extent C. in any case D. for example
62. A. when B. since C. before &

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III. Reading Comprehension：31%
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.
Good news! Tiny robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may 50 doctors on Earth to help perform surgery on patients in space.
The tiny, wheeled robots, which are about 3 inches tall and as wide a lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions ( 切口 ) and computer-controlled by surgeons in different51 . Some robots are equipped with 52 and lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that can be controlled 53 .
“ We think this is going to 54 open surgery.” Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said at a news conference. Oleynikov is a 55 in computer-assisted surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASA will teach 56 to use the robots soon enough 57
surgeries could one day be performed in space.
The camera-carrying robots can provide 58 of affected areas and the ones with surgical tools will be able to operate inside the body in ways surgeons’ hands can’t. The views from the camera-carrying robots are 59 than the naked eye, because they 60 back color images that are magnified. Because several robots can be inserted through one incision, they could reduce the amount and 61 of cuts needed for surgery, which would decrease recovery time. This is particularly 62 to those patients who have been weakened by long illness.
Eventually, Oleynikov said, “ The tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever __63__their hands in patients’ bodies. That is the 64 . It is getting easier and easier. We can do even more with these devices.”
50. A. use B. pay C. allow D. force
51. A. locations B. directions C. fields D. ways
52. A. operators B. monitors C. cameras D. flashes
53. A. automatically B. remotely C. manually D. widely
54. A. perform B. undergo C. follow D. replace
55. A. reporter B. specialist C. designer D. director
56. A. astronauts B. nurse C. teachers D. trainers
57. A. in order to B. so that C. thus D. in case
58. A. answers B. services C. views D. insights
59. A. weaker B. stronger C. poorer D. better
60. A. send B. produce C. change D. create
61. A. measure B. size C. power D. pressure
62. A. relevant B. true C. helpful D. interesting
63. A. touching B. pressing C. holding D. placing
64. A. ambition B. goal C. achievement D. victory

.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Around 15 million of us will leave a cup of tea to go cold today while a similar amount will forget where they put the keys to their house or car.
Meanwhile, 12 million go to the shops only to 50 forget what they went for----and the same will forget about 51 washing in the machine, according to the survey 52 by National-Lottery.co.uk.
PIN numbers, passwords and chores such as taking food out of the freezer the night before and 53 your mobile phone also stood highly on the list. And more than one in ten 54 forgetting to buy a lottery ticket which may have 55 them a win.
Modern busy lifestyles and increased 56 as well as modern technology were 57 the increase in our levels of forgetfulness.
A National Lottery spokesman said: “We are busier than ever in our work and personal lives and it seems we just have too much to remember for our 58 minds.”
The study found the technology has also played a part, leaving us with more gadgets(小装置) than ever before to 59 and charge or take care of.
60 work pressures it is within the home environment where most things are forgotten, such as credit card 61 , children’s school events or food related things.
The study found one in four people have 62 an important appointment and nearly one in five have fallen out with a friend over a forgotten date or event.
Women are much better than men in the report, failing to 63 an average of two and a half things every day 64 to 3.5 things for men.
50. A. completely B. fortunately C. barely D. mostly
51. A. freezing B. elegant C. formal D. wet
52. A. experimented B. conducted C. applied D. commanded
53. A. loading B. forgetting C. charging D. remarking
54. A. deny B. admit C. forbid D. avoid
55. A. entitled B. purchased C. consumed D. cost
56. A. pressure B. rank C. logic D. weight
57. A. led to B. blamed for C. brought about D. confirmed
58. A. crowded B. conscious C. impatient D. accurate
59. A. dive in B. insert in C. push in D. plug in
60. A. Despite B. Though C. In spite D. Moreover
61. A. illustrations B. thefts C. payments D. journals
62. A. missed B. made C. drawn D. concluded
63. A. ignore B. remind C. recall D. assure
64. A. devoted B. contributed C. opposed D. compared

III. Reading Comprehension （35分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
There was a man who played the piano in a small bar. There were not too many ___46___, but because he was a good piano player, some people ___47___ came in every night just to hear him play. But one night, a patron (老顾客) told him he didn’t want to hear him play but to sing a song.
The man said, “I have never done that before in public. I think I’m ___48___ at playing the piano.” But the customer ___49___. He told the waiter, “I’m ___50___ listening to the piano day after day. I want to hear something new and I want that guy to sing.”
The waiter ___51___ across the room, “Hey, buddy! If you want to get ___52___, sing a song. The patrons are asking you to sing!”
So in order no bring some money home that night, the piano player who had never sung in public did so for the very first time. And ___53___ had ever heard the song Mona Lisa sung before ___54___ that night by Nat King Cole, and it surprised all, including the ___55___ himself.
He had talent he was sitting on! He may have lived the rest of his life as a no-name piano player in a no-name bar, but ___56___ he had to sing, he went on to become one of the best-known entertainers in America.
You, too, have skills and ___57___. You may not feel as if your “talent” is particularly ___58___, but it may be better than you think! And with persistence, most skills can be ___59___. Besides, you may as well have no ability at all if you sit on whatever talent you possess. The ___60___ is not “What ability do I have that is useful?” It is rather “How will I use whatever ability I have?”
46. A. waiters B. players C. singers D. customers
47. A. never B. still C. ever D. only
48. A. better B. nicer C. easier D. sooner
49. A. agreed B. worried C. insisted D. charged
50. A. familiar with B. fond of C. used to D. tired of
51. A. complained B. shouted C. explained D. served
52. A. changed B. fired C. paid D. praised
53. A. nobody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody
54. A. since B. after C. until D. when
55. A. waiter B. singer C. patron D. owner
56. A. unless B. although C. because D. if
57 A. advantages B. characters C. abilities D. principles
58. A. different B. surprising C. famous D. great
59. A. improved B. wasted C. recognized D. impressed
60 A. decision B. difficulty C. question D. solution

---I find reading comprehension the hardest in learning a foreign language.
---Well, you’d better practise reading short passage every day.

A．so that

B．now that

C．for that

D．with that