Does the PCR reaction volume (negatively) influence the outc

蝴梦蝶2022-10-04 11:39:541条回答

Does the PCR reaction volume (negatively) influence the outcome?

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就让我自私一次吧 共回答了17个问题 | 采纳率100%
博凌科为-为你No,especially since the introduction of the small,thin walled,0.2 ml plastic vials fitting the 96 well metal blocks of the thermocyclers.A number of observations are worth mentioning:if using older model thermocyclers (without a heated lid),to run small volume PCR reactions,mineral oil is necessary to cover the reaction mixture.Use of oil increases the volume of liquid in the vial and thus can influence somewhat the outcome.Besides,older thermocyclers require the use of larger plastic vials,with thicker walls,that fit less well in the metal blocks and thus may increase the likelihood of variation in PCr outcome.small,thin-walled plastic vials designed for the 96 well metal blocks are ideal for running small-volume PCR reactions.Due to the heated lid of the thermocyclers,there are no mineral oil requirements.When tested,reactions yielded similar results,whether the reaction volume was 100,25 or 5 microliters.It is important to mention,that small volume PCRs may be very beneficial when using small amounts of DNA template.In general,at a constant amount of template DNA,the yield of PCR product per microliter reaction is higher when the reaction volume is 5 L compared to 100 L.This may allow visualisation of the PCR products,sometimes invisible when larger reaction volumes are used.
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5.《Facile and highly efficient synthesis of a novelclass of chromene-3-yl-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines》报告;
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孤雁秋水 共回答了17个问题 | 采纳率100%
新型不对称光环Aldol反应
新的烯烃反应提供了一种简单的合成二胺和咪唑啉的方法
在离子液体介质中的应用亲核取代以及氨基酸卤化反应
新原位取代噻吩卟啉的合成及光谱表征
一类新的苯并吡喃-3-yl- 咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶的简便、高效合成法
最后一个分子的名称不太确定
英语翻译Catalyst work by providing an alternative reaction route
英语翻译
Catalyst work by providing an alternative reaction route with a lower activation energy
wkyxmx1年前3
露润青莲 共回答了26个问题 | 采纳率96.2%
一样的意思呀~
催化剂通过提供另外一条反应路径发生效力,(这条路径)需要较低反应能量(即可发生).
alternative 二者择一的、可替代的,理解成“另外的”就可以
英文释义:an alternative idea,plan etc is different from the one you have and can be used instead
英语翻译had increases their reaction and sensitivity to these "i
英语翻译
had increases their reaction and sensitivity to these "invaders".
that right off bacteria and viruses 什麽用法?that ,right ,off 分别都怎麽解释?
sanxing1231年前1
一生一事 共回答了23个问题 | 采纳率95.7%
ight作动词,意思是纠正
off副词,去除,挪开
that作定语从句开头
整句话意思是清理细菌和病毒的白细胞增加了他们对这些入侵者的反应和敏感度.
“had increases”?
CAS No.8051-30-7英文品名:Coconut oil,reaction products with diet
CAS No.8051-30-7英文品名:Coconut oil,reaction products with diethanolamine 中文品名应该是啥啊?
liang8885421年前1
迷失的微笑 共回答了13个问题 | 采纳率100%
椰子油,CAS号是化学文摘社号的意思,是用来查询化学品信息的.我是学化工安全技术的,所以知道,而椰子油不属于危险化学品,在一般的MSDS网站用CAS号查不到.
英语语法我没分给啊~为什么用ing we must also consider the reaction of the
英语语法
我没分给啊~为什么用ing
we must also consider the reaction of the personthe gift…不是动词吗?
i was certain she would like it because iby my classmate that she loved hot food括号内的为什么这样填?
shoxxt1年前2
huberlian 共回答了10个问题 | 采纳率90%
eceive是动词,要做谓语,但是现在这个空不能填谓语,因为这句话已经有了谓语consider,简单句只能有1个主语,一个谓语,所以要填动词的非谓语形式,动词的ing形式,是非谓语形式,这里做定语
because引导原因状语从句,可以看出缺少谓语,并且要用被动语态 所以填was taught
关于这个问题的答句的语法What might have prevented a chain reaction follo
关于这个问题的答句的语法
What might have prevented a chain reaction following the initial collision?
--Had there been a more experienced driver behind the two cars.
为什么是had there.而不是there had?
X小晴子1年前2
桑三又木 共回答了15个问题 | 采纳率86.7%
这里是虚拟语气的一种形式,已经将had提前并省略了if.本来形式是:
If there had been a more experienced driver behind the two cars.
将这句had提前,省略if,意思不变.翻译为:
如果在这两辆车后有一个更有经验的司机(就不会发生连环撞车事故了).
英语翻译The students' understanding of the reaction mechanisms d
英语翻译
The students' understanding of the reaction mechanisms depends on when the experiment is performed in relation to the coverage of course topics.The author and his colleagues have performed the experiment before the introduction of electro-
philic aromatic substitution or enolate halogenation in lectures.However,by the time the students' reports were due,the former topic had been discussed in the classroom,and students under-stood that the chlorination was an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Besides being used in the second-semester organic labora- tory,this experiment is also appropriate as an early experiment of an advanced or third-semester organic laboratory.Because the reactions are operationally simple,the instructor can emphasize the opportunity for students to become (re)acquainted with the hands-on operation of several instruments.In addition,the experiment reinforces the concepts of reactivity,selectivity,and spectral interpretation that were introduced in the second- semester organic course.
额日1年前1
安庆笨笨猪 共回答了21个问题 | 采纳率90.5%
学生对反应机理的理解依赖于课程主题覆盖面相关的实验何时进行.作者和他的团队在介绍亲电芳基取代或烯醇卤化的课程前已经进行了实验.然而,到了学生的报告该交的时候,前面的主题已经在课堂上讨论过了,学生已经理解了氯化是亲电芳基取代的一个例子.
该实验除了被用在第二学期有机实验课上,也被用作高级的或第三学期的有机实验课的早期实验.由于反应操作简单,教学人员可强化学生动手熟悉几个仪器的机会.而且,该实验强调了第二学期有机课程中介绍的反应、选择性以及谱图解释.
这些有机物都怎么称呼14.Benzenamine,N-phenyl-,reaction,products with st
这些有机物都怎么称呼
14.Benzenamine,N-phenyl-,reaction,products with styrene and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene;
diphenylamine reaction product with styrene and diisobutylene; N-phenylbenzenamine reaction products with styrene and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene; reaction product of N-phenylbenzenamine,ethenylbenzene,and diisobutylene; reaction Product,benzenamine,N-phenyl- with styrene and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene;
15.2-Butanone,4-[[[1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-1-phenanthrenyl]methyl](3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-,[1R-(1a,4aß,10aa)]-;
"[1R-(11,4aß,10a1)]-4-[[[7-isopropyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a dimethylphenanthren-
1-yl]methyl](3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino] butan-2-one"
C33H45NO2
16.Amines,C18-22-tert-alkyl,(chloromethyl)phosphon ates (2:1);monochloromethyl phosphonic acid,tert C18-22 alkyl amine salt
17.Propane,2-methyl-;
isobutane; i-butane; 1,1-dimethylethane; 2-methylpropane; A31; R-600a
C4H10
18.Butane n-butane; methylethyl methane; A-21; HC-600; R-600
C4H10
另外几个不小心发到礼仪那边去了,客人说这个是加拿大对于有害物质的禁止法案中的东东,类似于ROHS,但感觉范围还要广点。本人化学和英文水平有限,还希望请各位老师赐教。
aiqingxia1年前5
icecream85 共回答了23个问题 | 采纳率95.7%
14 .苯胺,N -二苯基,反应,产品与苯乙烯和2,4,4 - trimethylpentene ;
二苯胺反应产物与苯乙烯和diisobutylene ;氮phenylbenzenamine反应产物与苯乙烯和2,4,4 - trimethylpentene ;反应产物的氮phenylbenzenamine ,ethenylbenzene ,diisobutylene ;反应产物,苯胺,N -二苯基与苯乙烯和2 ,4,4 - trimethylpentene ;
15.2丁酮,4 -[ [ 1 ,2,3,4,4,9 ,10,10- o ctahydro- 1 ,第4 A -二甲基- 7 - ( 1 - m ethylethyl) - 1 - p henanthrenyl]甲基] ( 3 -丁辛3 -苯基)氨基] -,[ 1 R的- (一A ,4 aß,1 0aa) ] - ;
" [ 1R的- ( 1 ,4aß ,10A )为] -4 -[ [ [ 7 -异丙基- 1 ,2 ,3,4,4,9 ,10,10- o ctahydro- 1 ,第4 A d imethylphenanthren-
1 -基]甲基] ( 3 -氧- 3 -苯基)氨基]丁- 2 -一"
c33h45no2
16.amines ,采用C18 - 22 -叔烷基,(氯甲基) phosphon ates ( 2:1 ) ; monochloromethyl膦酸,叔的C18 - 22烷基胺盐
17.propane ,2 -甲基;
异丁烷,我丁烷; 1,1 - dimethylethane ; 2 -甲基; A31的;的R 600A的
c4h10
18.butane正丁烷; methylethyl甲烷; - 21个;hc- 600的R 600
c4h10
If during a chemical reaction,a molecule loses hydrogens,it
If during a chemical reaction,a molecule loses hydrogens,it could be described as being oxidized.
ture
or
false
夜如浓1年前3
倦楝 共回答了14个问题 | 采纳率100%
false 丢掉H,是降价 ,属还原反应
讲解一下该句子的句子成分,so you can imagine the reaction when a recent U
讲解一下该句子的句子成分,
so you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation's schools singled out those in the smugly green village of Berkeley,Calif,as being among the worst in the country.
讲解一下这个句子的成分构成,越详细越好.
QWE不过是ii1年前2
liusasz 共回答了18个问题 | 采纳率77.8%
you (主语)can imagine(谓语) the reaction(宾语) 这是主谓宾,也就是这个句子的主句,when以后为时间状语从句,a recent USA Today investigation 为状语从句的主语,singled out 为谓语,in the smugly green village of Berkeley,Calif地点状语,as being among the worst in the country.状语
水合和水解有什么不同看到一题如下:The chemical reaction where water is added
水合和水解有什么不同
看到一题如下:
The chemical reaction where water is added is known as
A.electrolysis
B.metamorphosis
C.hydrolysis
D.hydration
很奇怪为什么答案是C 是不是答案错了 顺便教一下水合(hydration)和水解(hydrolysis)有什么区别
谢谢一楼的回答,那为什么字典里说淀粉加入水形成葡萄糖(C6H10O5 + H2O = C6H12O6)也是水解?是不是字典错了(字典不是很正规的那种,电子的)
迷人的蓝兔子1年前1
宗仔 共回答了22个问题 | 采纳率95.5%
同学,水合并不能算作chemical reaction化学反应,它指物质与一个或多个水分子整个的结合,物质的化学性质不变,不能算是新物质,所以虽然是增加了水分子,但它不算化学反应.
而水解属于置换反应,也需要水分子参与反应,而且水是分成2部分,即羟基和氢基与化合物的两部分基团分别结合,有两种新物质产生,属化学反应.如CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O-->CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH
the rate of a certain reaction is directly proportional to t
the rate of a certain reaction is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of chemical A present and inversely proportional to the concentration of chemical B present.if the concentration of chemical B is increased bu 100 percent,which of the following is closest to the percent change in the concentration of chemical A required to keep the reaction rate unchanged?
友林荷1年前1
纯紫的rr 共回答了27个问题 | 采纳率92.6%
请到http://forum.chasedream.com/index.asp?boardid=22发贴求助,会有很多准备GMAT的考友帮你解答.
英语翻译This report,requested by EUMEPS,concerns the reaction to
英语翻译
This report,requested by EUMEPS,concerns the reaction to fire performance of naked EPS board when tested in the SBI.The aim of the testing programme is to evaluate the effect of mounting and fixing conditions of EPS in the SBI apparatus.The influence of the nature of the substrate (calcium silicate,gypsum plasterboard,fibre cement) and the presence/absence of an air gap (no gap,25mm,80mm) between the test specimen and the backing board are studied.
The study demonstrates that both parameters (substrate and gap) influence the reaction to fire behaviour of EPS specimen (mechanically fixed).The standardised mounting (without air gap) is the preferred option since the presence of an air gap has only a minor effect on the test result and classifications but impairs the repeatability of the results and does not simplify the mounting operations.In the first part of the study,the maximum available upper Euroclasses (B) can be achieved (for the EPS sample tested) by using a particular substrate (fibre cement board).Complementary tests carried out with the standard fibre cement board (EN 13238) did not confirm this finding.The use of gypsum plasterboard as substrate would enhance the field of application of a test result because it has a lower density than standard substrates such as calcium silicate and fibre cement board and hence,covers a wider field of substrate densities.Furthermore,the testing cost would be dramatically reduced because standard gypsum plasterboard is almost 40 times cheaper than calcium silicate boards.
This report concerns the reaction to fire performance of naked expanded polystyrene (EPS) board.The testing programme has been requested and defined by the association of European Manufacturers of EPS (EUMEPS) and the tests have been carried out at the SBI Laboratory of KNAUF in France.
The harmonised European standards for reaction to fire tests are now accepted and published.They were up to finalisation at the beginning of the study.Among them the ‘Single Burning Item’ method still causes concern to the Industry,as the influence of certain parameters is not well known.
The aim of this testing programme is to evaluate the effect of mounting and fixing (M&F) conditions of EPS in the SBI apparatus.The objective is to determine a precise definition of these conditions so as to achieve a robust and reliable Euro classification.The other objectives of the programme are:
simplification of the test procedure,optimum field of extended application,reduction of testing costs.
hat1041年前3
jyrs2 共回答了17个问题 | 采纳率70.6%
本报告中,要求eumeps ,涉及火反应表现赤裸EPS板测试时,在履行.目的是测试方案是评估的影响越来越大,固化条件的EPS在 履行器具.影响性质的基板(硅酸钙,石膏石膏板,纤维水泥) ,在场/缺席的空气间隙(无差距,25mm时,80mm )大型之间的试样,并支持理事会的影响.这项研究表明,这两个参数(衬底与GAP )的影响作出反应,火行为办事标本(机械定额) .标准安装(无气隙)是较为可取的,因为存在着空气间隙只有一个 轻微影响,对实验结果和分类,但损害了重复性的结果,不简化 安装业务.在第一部分的研究,最高可上euroclasses (二) ,可实现(对办事试样) ,用某一物(纤维 水泥城) .配套进行的测试与标准纤维水泥局(恩二)未证实这项发现.使用石膏作为石膏板衬底将加强应用领域的一个试验结果,因为它 较低的密度比标准衬底如硅酸钙和纤维水泥董事会,因此,涵盖更广泛的领域中密度基板.此外,测试成本将大大降低,因为标准石膏石膏板几乎是40倍的价钱比硅酸钙板.这份报告关注的火反应表现赤裸聚苯乙烯( EPS )在董事会.测试方案已要求,并确定了协会的欧洲制造商的每股盈余( eumeps )和测试 已进行的,在履行实验室轮胎在法国.协调欧洲标准对火反应测试,现在接受并出版.它们不负众望,在定稿前开始的研究.其中'燃单一项目的方式还是引起了业界关注,由于受某些参数并非广为人知.为了这一试验方案是评估的影响越来越大,固(并购六)的条件中EPS 履行器具.目的是要确定一个确切的定义,这些条件,以期达到稳健和可靠的欧元 分类.其他方案的目标是:简化测试程序,优化领域的扩展应用,降低测试成本.
什么是多聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction:PCR)
骑黑驴的也是王子1年前3
外男友人甲 共回答了16个问题 | 采纳率87.5%
聚合酶链式反应(英文全称:Polymerase Chain Reaction),简称PCR.聚合酶链式反应(PCR)是体外酶促合成特异DNA片段的一种方法,由高温变性、低温退火(复性)及适温延伸等几步反应组成一个周期,循环进行,使目的DNA得以迅速扩增,具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便、省时等特点.它不仅可用于基因分离、克隆和核酸序列分析等基础研究,还可用于疾病的诊断或任何有DNA,RNA的地方.聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,简称PCR)又称无细胞分子克隆或特异性DNA序列体外引物定向酶促扩增技术.
^__^
谁知道reaction和effect的区别
Tecking1年前1
mint1109 共回答了11个问题 | 采纳率100%
前者是反应,举个例子,印度当年试爆核武器,巴基斯坦的反应(reaction)是也试爆核武器(当然巴基斯坦也可以不作反应).
后者是效果,效应.比如老不下雨会旱,旱是不下雨的效果(effect).
请教二道化学题(AP)(1)What is a reaction mechanism and how does it d
请教二道化学题(AP)
(1)What is a reaction mechanism and how does it differ from a balanced chemical equation?
(2)Define the following general types of chemical reactions:
a.Addition;
b.Elimination;
b-1.Beta Elimination;
b-2.Alpha Elimination;
b-3.other than alpha- or beta-;
c.Displacement / Substitution;
d.Rearrangement;
e.Oxidation-Reduction.
4257131年前2
入场22 共回答了18个问题 | 采纳率100%
(1)What is a reaction mechanism and how does it differ from a balanced chemical equation?
Ans :
A reaction mechanism provides a detailed step by step description of a reaction.
A balanced equation provides the number of moles of both reactants and products but does not show how the reaction proceeds.
2)Define the following general types of chemical reactions:
a.Addition:
Ans:
Two reactants combine to yield one product.Addition frequently occurs with organic compounds at double ortriple bonds and occasionally at small-sized rings.
b.Elimination:
Ans:
Elimination (Decomposition) is the reverse of addition because two or more atoms or groups are removed from one molecules.
b-1.Beta Elimination:
Ans:
Beta elimination involves removal from adjacent atoms and always leads to an increase in multiple bonding.
b-2.Alpha Elimination:
Ans:
Alpha elimination is the removal from same atom and produces a carbene if this atom is carbon.
b-3.other than alpha- or beta-;
Ans:
If elimination is other than from adjacent atoms or the same atom,a ring results.e.g.Removal from atom once removed (gamma-elimination) affords a three-membered ring.
Decomposition,a kind of elimination,is the energy-catalyzed
breakdown of a molecule into at least two molecule without the
intervention of any other reagent.
c.Displacement / Substitution:
Ans:
This is the replacement of one group by another.When an H is displaced,the reaction is called substitution.
d.Rearrangement:
Ans:
Bonds are scrambled to form an isomer.
e.Oxidation-Reduction.
Ans:
Redox involves transfer to electrons or change in oxidation number.Oxidation of a C is signaled by a decreased in the number of its bonded H's or an increase in its number of bonds to other atoms such as C,O,N,Cl,Br,F,and S.
All these names refer only to the net reaction as given by the cemical equation.For multistep mechanisms,individul steps may be of different types.
电梯里失重的科学问题电梯电缆断掉时,我们会感觉浮起来,用公式表达:R=normal reaction force a(a
电梯里失重的科学问题
电梯电缆断掉时,我们会感觉浮起来,用公式表达:R=normal reaction force a(acceleration)=g(gravitational acceleration) R=mg-ma =mg-mg =0 谁知道为什么第一排会变成第二排?
风流倜傥黄金甲1年前1
桅羽 共回答了24个问题 | 采纳率87.5%
因为上面说了a=g啊,所以mg-ma=mg-mg 等量代换 追问: 电梯 下降时不是R=mg+ma吗? 回答: 电梯 下降分很多情况的,加速下降,减速下降,匀速下降,所以既有可能是失重也有可能是超重,也有可能两者都不是.
A common reaction in nuclear fission power plants is 235,92
A common reaction in nuclear fission power plants is 235,92 U + 1,0 n -》 141,56 Ba + 92,36 Kr + 1,0 n
235,92 U = 3.90 x 10,-25kg
141,56 Ba = 2.34 x 10 -25kg
92,36 Kr = 1.53 x 10 -25kg
calcuate the energy released from this reaction in joules and MeV
茉莉小小20071年前1
liyingjiao 共回答了16个问题 | 采纳率81.3%
问题简单翻一下,就是一个核裂变方程,然后要你求这个反应释放的能量,以焦耳为单位和以MeV为单位分别写一下
首先看方程啊,就是个普通的裂变方程而已,这里考察的内容是质能定理,就是那个E=MC^2
C为光速
这里嘛反应前后每个元素的一个原子的质量他都给了呀
然后E=((M141,56 Ba +M92,36 Kr+M1,0 n)-(M235,92 U+M1,0 n))c^2
=(2.34 x 10 -25kg +1.53 x 10 -25kg - 3.90 x 10,-25kg)C^2
数值自己算啦~这个是一个U原子反应放出的能量,单位是焦耳,你换算一下就到MeV的单位了
有疑问再交流~
英语翻译A one-tube RT-PCR reaction was performed on a thermocycl
英语翻译
A one-tube RT-PCR reaction was performed on a thermocycler using the Superscript One-step RT-PCR System (Invitrogen,USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions with some modifications
求翻译上段
kswsky1年前2
bobbyfisher 共回答了19个问题 | 采纳率89.5%
在标有一步式实时荧光PCR的仪器上,按照美国Invitrogen公司有些修改后的使用说明,在循环温育板上来进行一管式实时荧光PCR反应.