中美贸易摩擦、争端的成因及解决机制..怎么翻译成英文?

As we all know,the eating habit of China and the eating habit of America are very different.Americans like to eat burgers,steak,and some high calories food.But Chinese like to eat rice and noodles and something like that.
I think that why the gap between these two eating habits is so large is that America and China are two different area of the world.And maybe some religious problem.
Anyways,there are so many differences that makes the eating habit of China and America different.

4月2日 15:38 文化差异(Culture Difference):种族 National race
The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of newspaper articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices , factories , and schools across the country . The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities.
Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination [1] still exist ,unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing , schools , and jobs . The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. There are still too many areas of the country where Black Americans do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White Americans . However, the vast majority of American s are working , studying , and sharing public places together. This was not true even a few years ago in some parts of the country , but progress is steadily being made . You will be able to observe the improvement in race relations as soon as your plane lands . You will see it in the airport, in public buses and trains , in theaters , restaurants , rest room, in sops and libraries , in offices and factories . Close personal friendships between Blacks and Whites , full trust and social relationships are still not common , except in certain areas, However, even in this - the slowest area of progress-there has been change , especially among young people.
[1] discrimination n. 辨别, 区别, 识别力, 辨别力, 歧视
Excerpted from " A Guide to U.S.A. ", edited by Li Yang, Li Yi, published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Culture Difference
发表日期：2005-04-22 10:58:52 作者：洪恩在线
It is not a novel knowledge that culture difference exists between eastern and w
estern countries. But not until I heard the lecture given by a Chinese scholar,
who has been lived in Australia for several years, did I came to understand that
how different it is.
The scholar summarized that we, as Chinese, prefer to think in a spiral, casual
way, while western people, more often than not, are fond of a linear, business-i
s-business way. Supporting the idea, he named out examples he himself experience
d while staying in Australia. Here are some excerpts.
Firstly, line up matter. If you are in China, it is not rare to see that a crowd
of people throng in the supermarket, trying to get service first. People in Ch
ina do line up, the scholar said in a humorous tone, but they prefer to line up
at a horizontal way.
In contrast, in western countries, say, in Australia, people always line up, no
matter in a big bank or a small grocery store. And they take it for granted. Lin
ing up has long since become part of their life that they scarcely doubt it or g
row impatient while doing it.
Secondly, first come, first served. Though in words it is a normal principle her
e in China, it’s mostly not the case in reality. Take an example of what usuall
y happens in a bank. Here when we are in a middle-sized bank, and suppose we are
talking with the cashier, it always tends to have someone butt in, claiming tha
t his or her request takes only one second.
And it seems that we have already been accustomed to it. So has the cashier. But
in western countries, it never applies. It is always rude that you butt in whil
e the cashier is serving his customer. No matter how little time your request co
sts, the cashier, more often than not, is likely to turn you down. Only one cust
omer at a time is his principle.
Thirdly, change stuff. Suppose I am in a shopping mall and the stuff I purchase
cost me 142 RMB. While lining up at the casher’s and happening to check my wall
et, I find I have 200 RMB and two one-yuan coins. What will I do? To give the ca
shier 200 RMB, or give him 200 RMB and the two one-yuan coins so that he could r
eturn me 60 RMB, which is more convenient for both of us.
I think when the Chinese were in this situation, they would mostly choose the la
tter one. But the scholar said, in Australia, they won’t do so. He then told th
at he himself did try it once, and he thought it was self-evident to do so. But
the cashier did not understand.
So the scholar latter on summarized that western people are prone to lack of fle
xibility while doing their work. Then how about us in their eyes? They think we
Chinese have a tendency to make things complicate. What an interesting contrast!
Here I don’t intend to tell which is better and which is worse. What I try to s
ay is just that we might well be in conformity with the customs and be aware of
the culture differences while being abroad. Like the saying goes—while you are
in Rome, do as Romans do. If you don’t want to put yourself in the public, bear
ing all this in mind is perhaps the best policy.
Caroline
This article has been read by 276 persons.
Copyright: This article was written by caroline. and first posted in HongEn online. The author owns the copyright, and HongEn online owns the right of using it. Any other unit or individual should get the author's approval before using, repasting or quoting. The author will assume all the civil and penal responsibility, directly or indirectly caused by posting the article. The SYSOPs and board masters have the right to reserve or delete the article.
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Replied Articles
Title Author Size Post Time Grade
Re：Culture Difference tdeanxx(Tim) 1K 05.04.20 01:19
Dear Caroline,
I think your scholar friend spent several years in Australia and completely miss
ed the most important value represented in his examples. That value is egalitar
ianism. The principle that people should be treated equally.
When the bank teller insists on attending one customer at a time the principle i
s not "only one customer at a time" it is "this customer waited in line and so w
ill you, no matter how tall, how well dressed or how loud your voice." And you
can be sure if the customer is a poor working man and the impatient man is a wel
l dressed business man, the customer will very bruskly insist on his rights not
to be interrupted. A well run bank will have a customer service person who can
answer questions, but people doing transactions must wait their turn. My impres
sion of a business or a nation where people are not treated equally in the marke
tplace and a bully can obtain service without waiting is a place where there is
a class oriented culture and/or where one can bribe one …………[文章太长,没有全部显示,点击本文标题阅读全文]
Re：Culture Difference caroline.(caroline) 2K 05.04.20 12:25
Dear Tim,
The lecture given by the scholar is mainly on English learning. That's for he na
med such examples. He just aimed to tell the audience how important to understan
d a culture is, which is different from our motherland.
What you said is indeed right. And I am with you on this. The corruption in Chi
na is rampant these years, you relate it with class. Well, I haven't thought abo
ut it. But I do agree that the idea of class roots in many people's mind.
Like the example you took in the article, I almost could be sure that here the c
ashier would definitely turn to the well dressed business man. You say that the
poor working man will insist on his rigts not to be interrupted. But here I gues
s he would just pretend not to mind it and let it be.
I myself experienced this once, in fact. Once I was in a post office to have a p
ackage posted. You know, it was crowded inside and the people lined up in a wayw
ard way. So when it was my turn, and when I was just about to tell the man my re
quest, one guy …………[文章太长,没有全部显示,点击本文标题阅读全文]
Re：Culture Difference panpanpan 210 05.04.20 08:32
You've got a sharp eye for the human conditions, Tim.
--
Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop back.
Learning is like sailing a boat against the current; it either advances or retre
ats.
Re：Culture Difference tdeanxx(Tim) 351 05.04.20 12:47
Dear Panpanpan,
I wouldn't have written in such a non-diplomatic fashion except that I wanted to
see what people thought, and that sort of behavior is particularly irritating t
o me. I will try not to lose my temper when I am in China. I don't want to get
"kung fu'd". Great to hear from you, friend. I want to hear more of your thou
ghts.
Tim
Re：Culture Difference smdyfc(Dont happy) 263 05.04.20 18:05
English is so good!Do you announce some articles more again?Did you graduate?Wor
ker, should have of, all of you have.And have brains!Can come to our company to
work?
--
Power is everything!Falling behind would be beaten!
I'm never,never,never,never give up!
Re：Culture Difference spoilme(maple) 804 05.04.22 06:02
"Thirdly, change stuff. Suppose I am in a shopping mall and the stuff I purchase
cost me 142 RMB. While lining up at the casher’s and happening to check my wal
let, I find I have 200 RMB and two one-yuan coins. What will I do? To give the c
ashier 200 RMB, or give him 200 RMB and the two one-yuan coins so that he could
return me 60 RMB, which is more convenient for both of us.
I think when the Chinese were in this situation, they would mostly choose the la
tter one. But the scholar said, in Australia, they won’t do so. He then told th
at he himself did try it once, and he thought it was self-evident to do so. But
the cashier did not understand. "
It won't happen in New York. Maybe the cashers in NY are smarter. :)
--
Be not afraid of going slowly, be afraid only of standing still.
该回答在4月2日 15:41由回答者修改过
参考文献：http://www.***.com/English

海地地震
中南美国家海地昨天发生了7.0级地震，这是加勒比地区近年来遭遇规模最大的地震。海地首都太子港成为一片废墟，总统府坍塌，数千人在地震中遇难。
随着唐山、汶川两次大地震的发生，中国人对地震的痛苦记忆越发强烈，因此我们也对发生在海地的这一次地震感同身受。更何况在这次地震中，还有8名我国驻海地维和部队成员被埋。他们的命运让国人牵系。在这个时...

Remember an interesting little experiment
I was a little boy who loves to explore novelty. Previously, I've heard put a worm cut in two after it not only will not die, but also can be turned into two living earthworms do! To prove this, I made an interesting little test.
Students say that earthworms can be found everywhere after the rain the day after a shower, I really have no difficulty find a side in the flower bed worm.
Friday After returning home, I pulled out the utility knife to earthworm on a piece of paper with confidence think: I must be able to successfully complete the tests.
Trial started, I carefully cut the worms in half, you look closely, Huh? How like a dead worm, like a motionless? I extremely frustrated: Is my experiment failed? Just as I was dejected when suddenly remembered my mother told me: "If you encounter difficulties, do not give up, my mother believe you can do it!" So I summoned the strength to continue to test. I brought "A Hundred Thousand Whys of biological Chapter" and began to find some relevant information on earthworms. Turned over turned over, I found the answer. Oh! The original worm was cut, the wound would be immediately next to the muscles to tighten, just like the original still open the door immediately locked up, like, there really is magic ah! In fact, earthworms have a strong regenerative capacity, the original so ah! After a two or three days later, the worm can be divided into two complete worms had! See here, I seem to see the dawn of victory, another confident!
Two days later, when I see my worms again, I really found a box with two little worms crawling around it in! I put tell his mother, and she smiled and said: "Haha my family will be his son, study, make their own tests 啦!"
This is what I have done before a small experiment, it is very interesting!

A 

D

C

了解汉语散文翻译的现状,并从中美文化差异的角度进行分析,从而提出对汉语散文翻译的建议
Learn current situation of Chinese and analyse in view of culture difference between China and the US, on which come up with advice on translation of Chinese prose.

ief analysis on the difference of relationship between parents and children

亲，对我的回答满意的话，就给个好评吧。如果还有不清楚的地方，可以跟我继续交流哦。

The End (Conclusion)
Huangxi's talk show forms the intertextuality in the aspects of wording, structure, genre, style and contextualization with the following Sino-US cultural intertextuality characteristics: on one side, it is the implantation of the US culture, on the other side is the construction of Chinese culture --- in the essential environment and contextualization of US culture, his talk show is inevitably influenced by the mighty US culture, but he made efforts to keep as much as possible the independent and unique characters of Chinese culture; the cultural intertextuality filled the fracture and uncertainty between text and non-text cultures in talk show, enriched information, saved time, created a sense of humor, deepened the connotation, constructed Chinese cultural identity and promoted Sino-US cultural exchange; it focused on dialogability of Sino-US cultures in search of method of cultural dialogue. All of these consist of elements of success of Huangxi’s talk show.
【供参考】

中美关系发展的五个阶段： （1）1784年美国“中国皇后号”商船来华至1840年鸦片战争爆发的56年间是第一阶段,中美关系基本特点是平等友好.主要原因是美国主要致力于国内经济的发展,当时忙于领土扩张,其对外政策重心在美洲. （2）1840—1899年的近60年间是第二阶段,此阶段的重要特征是美国开始追随英国等列强侵略中国.为牟取暴利,美国参与对华鸦片走私.1844年,强迫清政府签定《中美望厦条约》,这成为美国通过追随英国等资本主义国家开始侵略中国的标志.主要原因是当时美国的经济和军事力量无法与英国等资本主义强国相抗衡,因此采取了追随侵略、从中牟利的政策. （3）1899—1949年为第三阶段,在这50年间,美国对华采取以经济扩张、政治控制为主和以军事征服为辅的政策.主要标志是1899年“门户开放”政策的提出.主要原因是当时美国已进入垄断资本主义（帝国主义）阶段,在侵华问题上与其他国家争夺激烈.当时美国对外政策正在经历由孤立向开放的转变,由于实力上的问题,美国采取这一政策,以求在经济上率先进入中国市场.期间,美国与日本在侵略控制中国问题上多次冲突,因参加一战而妥协；一战后又加紧对华侵略并占据优势；30年代经历了由纵容缓靖政策到遏制、再到援助中国进行抗日战争的转变；二战结束后,为了独占中国而积极支援蒋介石打内战,最终以失败而告终. （4）1949～1972年为第四阶段,在此24年间,美国对华政策以孤立、封锁、包围和敌对为特征.主要原因是美国在战后成为世界霸主,采取了全球扩张政策,企图控制全世界；它对资本主义世界采取以稳定为主的政策,由于意识形态和社会制度的不同,它对中苏等社会主义国家采取了遏制和敌对的做法. （5）1972至现在,中美关系的主要特征是实现关系正常化,期间两国关系出现反复,但美国从没有放弃企图遏制中国的本质立场.主要原因是美国于20世纪70年代在苏美争霸过程中处于劣势,侵越战争陷于泥潭,经济由“黄金时代”进入“滞胀”状态,故改善了对华关系.改革开放以来,随着中国综合国力的增强,在国际舞台上起着越来越重要的作用,加上东欧剧变和苏联解体,美国便开始以中国作为它的主要对手.

个人认为,《家有儿女》和《成长的烦恼》完全不是一个档次,前者充斥着对孩子的否定,无论孩子有什么想法,发明,创造,都最后来肯定是失败的,我认为这是对青少年的一种误导!家长经常会犯错误的,而且,刘梅和夏东海也不是什么名牌大学出来的,甚至于刘梅又没有受过高等教育都未知,怎么可能一直是对的?而后者,主要是对孩子的鼓励和引导,孩子和父母也是对错各半,这才是生活!

不能.竞争与合作总是相辅相存的.中美关系健康发展并不代表就没有国际竞争了.需要在竞争中求合作,在合作中展开竞争.但中美关系的健康发展,可以再一定程度上消除国际上的剧烈对抗,如战争.

As you qurralled with your friend ,and unfortunately,you failed your exam of English last week,you are very sad now.In my opinion,you should have a talk with your friend,and deal with the problem firs...

Family education plays a critical role in the growth of chidren.The parents' eduction to children will affect the behavior of chidren.The paper makes comparisons of the process,purpose,contents,method...

中美关系走向——形势与政策试论文x0d回顾50多年来中国的对美政策和中美关系发展的历史,双方既有尖锐的对立,也有真诚的合作.冷战后的中美关系也曾经出现了多次起伏和危机,但是中美关系并未破裂,反而加深了.其深刻的原因就在于,中美之间存在着许多共同的战略利益.美国是世界上最大的发达国家,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,两国对亚洲和世界局势的发展都有重要影响.在新的国际形势下,中美之间在许多全球性和区域性的重大问题上具有共同利益,存在着广泛的合作基础,中美经济合作的前景更是不可限量.因此,展望21世纪的中美关系,我们有理由表示审慎的乐观.当然,影响两国关系的负面因素也不容忽视,诸如人权问题、贸易问题、军售问题和台湾问题等,其中台湾问题事关中国的主权和领土完整,是影响中美关系改善和发展的最大障碍,也是最容易导致中美两国发生直接冲突的敏感问题.然而,只要中美双方能够站在历史的高度,用战略的眼光来处理中美关系,在中美3个联合公报的基础上审视和处理台湾问题,中美关系就会沿着健康的轨道顺利前进.x0d中美关系是当今世界上最重要的双边关系之一.从历史上看,影响中美关系的因素很多,诸如国际格局、经济和意识形态、地缘政治和国家利益以及彼此处理双边关系的政策等等.其中彼此处理双边关系的政策在中美关系中具有举足轻重的地位和影响.纵观70年代以来,运用史学和国际关系x0d学学科渗透的方法来分析中国对美政策的缘起、变化和发展,及其对各个时期中美关系的影响.x0d稳定同美国关系,是中国外交的关键.近年来,中美关系中的合作关系越来越多,越来越广泛；但是,这并不意味着中美关系的发展越来越和谐.美国是当今最大的发达国家,在世界舞台居于权力中心.从中国建国以来,美国一直在多方面遏止中国,企图通过经济、军事、外交等手段阻碍中国经济发展,其中的原因不难理解.尤其在近几年,中国的经济增长率一直为其他国家所震惊,而中国本身所拥有的庞大的市场,又成为了中国经济发展有利的依托平台.在这样一个为诸多国家眼红的平台上,中国的经济将会持续、高速的增长将是不争的事实.而随着经济的增长,中国的军事、科技水平也在突飞猛进.这一切迫使美国不得不将中国作为阻碍其在实现全球霸权主义统治的一个强劲的对手.并且,在台湾问题上,美国虽然没有明确表态将台湾划进美日联合防御范围,但从其模糊描述的背后不难看出,中国台湾乃至中国大陆早就是美国窥视以久的土地.对于中美关系,应坚守中美三个联合公报的框架,在当前国际形势下为我国经济求得稳定,高速的发展空间.中美双方经贸关系密切,在许多方面存在着共同利益.中美关系非常复杂,必须处理好.中国外交的很多工作都是围绕这个问题展开的.x0d我们首先应该看到和明白几点：x0d1 机遇来自全球化这个国际背景,美国有求于中国的面上升x0d2 双方在安全关切上既有交叉点又有不同点x0d3 并不是说美国不把中国当做潜在对手了x0d4 美国必须在台湾“统独”问题上作出抉择x0d纵观历史分析当前中国对美政策应循之道x0d“变”与“不变”是50多年来中国外交发展过程中对立统一的两个方面.一方面,随着国际形势的变化,中国外交经历了几次大的战略调整；另一方面,独立自主的和平外交政策始终贯穿其中.中国外交的基本内容正是在这种变与不变中不断充实、发展和完善的,在不同的时期,以不同的方式展示了中国外交独特而又丰富的内涵和风格.x0d“变”是与时俱进的要求和表现,更是在不同国内外环境下更好地谋求国家利益的需要.而“不变”则包含两个方面的内容,一是有意识继承的部分,表现为连续性；另一部分则是不愿继承、希望改变的内容,但由于不同的原因,历史上的政策对决策者或大众心理有巨大影响,使现有政策有意无意地保持了原来政策的某些内容、某些宣示、某些态势或倾向,表现为外交政策的“惯性”.“变”突出了中国外交的特点,而“不变”在很多方面已经成为制约和影响中国外交的消极因素x0d形势已经发生了变化,政策已经不是原来的政策,援助也与以往大不相同,但我国的对外政策宣示仍然把八项原则作为中国对外援助的指导思想,实际上这也是一种惯性的表现

《中美联合公报》和《中美建交公报》

C

The cultural differences often lead to failure in communication.This article studies the problems like the difinition and structure of culture,the differences of chinese and american culture and the failure in cultural communication.

Education is culture,and different educations show different societies’ culture.Americans regard education as the means by which the inequalities among individuals are to be erased and by which every...

东方集体主义，西方个人英雄主义

目前的中美贸易摩擦不是一方能够解决的问题The current Chinese-US trading conflict is not a problem which could not be solved by just one side.

A 距离感 B 模糊感 C 审视感 D 材料质感

Mg+2HCl=MgCl2+H2
2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2
所以1mol Mg生成氢气1mol,1mol Al生成氢气为1.5 mol
所以,设有Mg x mol,则铝为7-x mol
x+1.5（7-x）=179.2/22.4
10.5-0.5x=8
x=5 mol,则Mg：Al=5：2

The small ball rotates the large ball.

原因是中国综合国力的增强和国际地位的提高.

引入3个未知数,铝：Xg 镁：Yg,铝得到的氢气：Mg
就有关系式X+Y=4.2
铝反应1：2Al+6Hcl=2Alcl3+3H2 ↑ 反应2：Mg+2Hcl=Mgcl2+H2↑
54 6 24 2
X M 4.2-X 0.4-M
得到等式：6X=54M X=9M X=1.2g
→ →M= 4/30→
8.4-2X=9.6-24M 8.4-18=9.6-24M Y=3g

是翻译这个题目吗?中美教育差异
The distinction of education between China and America.

板块飘移

解法一
2000张80元的门票收入为2000×80=160000元；
1800张200元的门票收入为1800×200=360000元；
1200000-160000-360000=680000元,
故400元的门票至少要卖出：680000÷400=1700张．
答：400元的门票最少要卖出1700张．
解法二
设400元的门票最少要卖出x张,
依题意得
2000×80+1800×200+400x≥1200000,
∴x≥1700,
答：400元的门票最少要卖出1700张．

中美文化交流（活动）可以增强两国人民的友谊。-----句子缺少主语中美文化交流，可以增强两国人民的友好关系。

解题思路：（1）中国队获得的金牌数最多，是51，美国队获得的金牌数是36，求中国队比美国队多多少枚，用减法解答即可；
（2）先分别用加法求出中国队和美国队获得奖牌的总数，然后用多的数减去少的数即可；
（3）通过看图，可知：中国金牌总数稳居第一，中国越来越显示出东方巨人的形象，中国的体育发展，已冲出亚洲，走向世界．

（1）中国队获得的金牌数最多，是51，美国队获得的金牌数是36，多：51-36=15（枚）；
答：中国队获得的金奖牌数最多，比美国队多15枚；

（2）中国：51+21+28=100（枚），
美国：36+38+36=110（枚），110＞100，
美国多，比中国多：110-100=10（枚）；
答：美国获得的奖牌数多，比中国多10枚；

（3）通过看图，可知：中国金牌总数稳居第一，中国越来越显示出东方巨人的形象，中国的体育发展，已冲出亚洲，走向世界．
下面是2008年北京奥运会上中美两国所获奖牌数量统计图表．

点评：
本题考点： 统计图表的填补；从统计图表中获取信息；统计结果的解释和据此作出的判断和预测．

考点点评： 此题考查了统计图的知识，根据统计图回答问题，并能熟练掌握统计图的作法，是解答此题的关键所在，注意平时统计知识的积累．

Cultural Difference between Chinese and American Individual
Lifestyles
American A Culture of self-expression Chinese A Culture of Self restrain
Clear expression of Joy and sorrow Ambiguous of joy and sorrow
Unequivocal expression of “Yes/No”. Equivocal expression of “Yes/No”.
Strong Personality Weak Personality
Priority of self-interest Priority of harmony with others
Source: Norihiko Shimizu's paper “Today’s Taboos may be gone tomorrow", Peking Business, February 1995, p.51.
Cultural Differences between Chinese and American Business
American Business Chinese Business
Game concept: Business is a game in pursuit of profits under the rules of laws and contracts Mutual trust-oriented business: business is based on trusting relationship among people rather than the rules of game
Efficiency-oriented and approximate accuracy simplicity, clarity, and quickness Highly precision-oriented and perfectionism-high dependency on human awareness
Easy layoffs, dismissals of employees, and selling of businesses Job security
Low mutual dependence between employers and employees High mutual dependence between employers and employees
Heavy dependence on machinery and technology, vs. Light dependence on human resources Heavy dependence on human resources
This comparision answered many of my questions on effeciency v.s. diversity, why the way of doing business is so different cross the two continents.

世界上永恒的分歧利益.中美之间也不例外

一点小建议.我儿子在上瑞思英语,美国的学科英语,有数学课.一是感觉重视游戏,在游戏中学习巩固,在游戏中加强.可以有很多的环节,形式很多样,小孩子不容易厌烦.二是与实践练习紧密,有循序渐进的步骤.例如学习长度的单位,就以体育比赛中的跳远为例,先是用脚的长度测量,后来产生了因为脚的大小不一致导致的矛盾,从而引出用固定的标准“英寸”“厘米”来测量.

从敌视紧张到有所改善最后建交.原因（个见）乒乓外交、尼克松访华

由对立走向缓和,中美关系进入了新纪元,开始了正常化的进程,是极具历史意义的一次握手,推动了中国恢复联合国的合法席位以及建立多边的外交关系.

矛盾是普遍存在的,事物是对立统一的.中美关系之间的矛盾是普遍存在的,旧的矛盾消亡,新的矛盾也会诞生.中美有着共同利益,同时又有着对立的矛盾,中美关系是对立统一的.

There are some differences between a Chinese class and an American class. Let's have a look. In
China, students call their teachers with "Mr" or "Miss". In class they always listen to teachers and take
notes carefully. If they want to show their own ideas, they put up their hands first. However, in America.
students sit around the desks, face to face. They have pretty relaxed rules. They can even drink coffee or
juice during classes. Also, they can speak out in class freely. Different countries have different cultures.
But I think the Chinese class is better. We should be strict in our study.
(答案不唯一)

Bill:Hi Tony.How're you doing?
Tony:Fine.Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues.
Bill:Oh,have a good time?
Tony:Oh yes,very good.Mind you,I was bit hurt about the way they treated my present.You see,I know they like Western music so I brought them back some of the latest tapes from the UK.Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and what do you think happened?
Bill:What?
Tony:Nothing.Well,more or less.They said thank you but then just put them away in a corner.Didn't even bother to unwrap them.I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I'd taken.

不是亲兄妹这是必须的!肯定的!
美钳不是开玩笑!她在 .在动真情咧!他喜欢梨斗,一看就看出来了

从中美家庭对孩子的独立性教育看中美文化差异
From the family of the child 's differences in independent between Chinese and American cultures

I know that there are many differences between cultures of China and America, so when I asked some unsuitable questions or say something unsuitable, I hope you don't mind.

A lecture was held in the school's hall on Janruary 20th, 2014. This lesture mainly focused on the improtance of using the gestures while we communicate with other individuals, especailly the foreigne...

B

我也不知道对不对在答题时找不到答案就为了广大的朋友顺便答了个人认为是：发表《上海公报》

The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of newspaper articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to ex...

后危机时代大国关系
主要内容：
一、后危机时代
二、后危机时代的世界政治与经济格局
三、后危机时代的中美关系展望

重点：
后危机时代的世界政治与经济格局

难点：
后危机时代的中美关系展望

一、后危机时代
是指危机缓和后,出现的一种较为平稳的状态.但是这种状态是相对而言的,因为造成危机的根源并没有消除,而且危机也并没有结束,从而使得世界经济仍然存在很多不确定因素,经济危机时刻还会回来,甚至加剧.

二、后危机时代的世界政治与经济格局

1、美国:观念行动均有变化

2009年1月,以“变革”为竞选口号的美国总统奥巴马正式入主白宫.中国现代国际关系研究院美国所所长袁鹏认为,今年可以说是美国变革之年,奥巴马的变革首先是从观念上展开的：一是以“巧实力”为标志的实力观与战略观的变化,即认识到美国实力的有限性,意识到软硬实力的协调性,更加注重灵活地运用各种力量资源而非一味地用力斗狠；二是以“多伙伴世界”为标志的世界观的变化,一定程度地放弃意识形态至上、敌我划线的简单做法,正视政治多极化的现实,谋求以多样化外交应对多元化世界.

观念的变化带来行动的变化.袁鹏说,全面调整或纠偏构成今年美国外交最鲜明的特色,包括继续坚持反恐,但更加注重威胁的多样性及战略布局的全面性；大幅调整同伊斯兰世界的关系,淡化文明冲突；重启美俄关系,重塑美欧关系,提升美印关系,重构美日关系；缓和同朝鲜、伊朗、古巴等“敌对国家”的关系.但改变难以产生立竿见影的效果,阿富汗战局前景难测,朝核、伊核问题仍无实质性进展.

中美关系今年格外引人注目.中美领导人进行了多次重要会晤；确立共同努力建设21世纪积极合作全面关系的新定位；战略与经济对话机制启动.袁鹏认为,中美关系的积极变化是美国受创与中国发展的效应同步起作用的结果,也是国际环境大变局与奥巴马政府对华观念新转变共同作用的结果.中美12年来首度发表联合声明,完整细致地规划中美关系发展路线图,具有重要意义.国际社会对待中美关系的新发展,更多的是期待中美两个大国和衷共济,共同应对经济金融危机、气候变化问题以及国际安全难题.

2、欧盟：着眼两大战略制高点

2009年对欧盟来说是非同寻常的一年：危机凶猛,欧盟先是各自为政、各行自救,最终统一救市、合力应对；《里斯本条约》生效,欧盟终于有了“总统”和“外长”.中国欧洲学会副会长沈雁南认为,欧盟在应对经济危机中提高了内部凝聚力,而所谓的“总统”和“外长”产生后,欧盟在“用一个声音说话”上有了制度条件.

沈雁南指出,国际金融体系改革和应对气候变化是欧盟力图扩大其世界影响力的两大战略制高点.在国际金融体系改革上,欧盟想趁美国深陷危机之际,挑战美元的霸主地位,提高欧盟在国际金融体系中的地位和权力.在应对气候变化问题上,欧盟一方面极力维护其在这一问题上先行形成的优势,另一方面试图对别国形成制约.欧盟希望低碳经济成为其扭转经济发展势头落后于美国和“金砖四国”的重要突破口.

去年遭遇困难的中欧关系今年走近了.5月,第十一次中欧领导人会晤在捷克举行；11月,第十二次中欧领导人会晤在中国举行.沈雁南认为中欧关系好转的直接原因是中欧在应对国际金融危机的背景下加强了合作,深层原因则是中欧关系存在广泛的战略基础.针对所谓“两国集团”论令欧洲焦虑的说法,他指出,中美关系和中欧关系对中国来说同样重要,欧美关系和欧中关系对欧盟来说也同样重要,简单地评估此厚彼薄都将是一种战略错误.中欧关系具有国际意义,中欧合作有利于世界的和平发展与多极化前景.

3、俄罗斯:同美欧“重启”关系

俄罗斯与美国的关系在2009年出现明显缓和.俄美宣布“重启”双边关系,并进行新一轮核裁军谈判；奥巴马出访俄罗斯,后又宣布放弃布什政府的东欧反导计划；北约与俄罗斯对话机制恢复,经俄罗斯向驻阿富汗北约部队运送物资的通道重新启动.

中国社科院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所研究员姜毅认为,俄美关系缓和的动力主要来自两个方面：其一,由东欧反导和北约东扩问题引发的俄美新一轮对立,在俄格冲突后几乎到达顶点,两个大国关系的过于紧张并不符合双方的利益；其二,美国当前面临金融危机、阿富汗战争、伊拉克战争、伊朗核问题等诸多难题,要解决这些难题都需要俄罗斯的支持.可以说,今年的俄美缓和在一定程度上是对以往过于紧绷的修正,是受一系列更急迫问题牵制的结果.

俄罗斯与欧盟今年就地区热点、能源及安全问题等保持了沟通与合作,但俄欧新的伙伴关系协定谈判尚无结果,欧盟也未对俄罗斯提出签署新欧洲安全条约的建议积极回应,还启动了针对独联体国家的东部伙伴关系计划.姜毅认为,这些动向说明俄欧之间依然缺乏战略互信,仍未找到消除危机根源的办法.

2009年是中俄建交60周年.中俄领导人多次会晤,加深政治互信,在重大国际问题上紧密协调合作.在经贸、能源资源领域,两国不断搭建新的平台,展开务实合作；在文化交流领域,中国成功举办了“俄语年”活动；在军事领域,中俄举行了联合军事演习,并签署导弹发射互相通报协议.姜毅认为,2009年,中俄战略协作伙伴关系更进了一步.

4、日本:注入外交新理念

2009年,日本政坛发生“地震”,长期执政的自民党下台,以民主党为首的三党联合政府上台.

中国社科院日本所研究员王屏认为,日本的“改朝换代”客观上因应了国际局势的变动,以此获取新的生机并在地缘政治中抢占“有利地形”.日本人美国观、亚洲观的新变化为鸠山新政权推行“对等外交”、“友爱外交”奠定了思想与社会基础.民主党上台为日本外交注入了新的理念.

日美同盟关系出现新变化是今年国际政治的一大看点.王屏指出,日本仍将日美同盟视为外交基轴,但同时也看到世界格局的变化和日美同盟的局限性,要与美国发展“对等关系”.鸠山新政权在诸如冲绳美军普天间机场搬迁、日美地位协定等问题上与美国展开磋商,当前日美关于冲绳美军普天间机场搬迁的谈判已陷入僵局.明年是日美同盟建立50周年,日美关系走向令人关注.

中日战略互惠关系在2009年稳步发展.胡锦涛主席与鸠山首相在纽约会晤时就新形势下进一步发展中日战略互惠关系达成重要共识,推动中日关系进入新的发展阶段.中日两国不断加强经贸合作,强化利益纽带,推动地区和世界经济复苏；两国还深入开展在科技、文化、教育等各领域的合作,推动中日关系向更高层次更广领域发展.王屏认为,尽管中日之间还存在一些矛盾与分歧,但不可否认两国关系正面临新的发展机遇.


三、后危机时代的中美关系展望
一）中美关系在后危机时代的三大暗礁:

1）贸易争端
2009年11月的第一周,中美两国间不断升级的贸易冲突,让人闻到一股“硝烟味”.

2009年11月5日美商务部决定对从中国进口的油井管征收最高达99.14%的反倾销税,涉案产品金额达32亿美元,涉及90余家中国钢铁企业.

2009年11月6日中国商务部决定,即日起对原产于美国的排气量在2.0升及2.0升以上进口小轿车和越野车发起“双反”调查.

2009年11月6日美国国际贸易委员会初步裁定,对从中国和印度尼西亚进口的铜版纸、从中国进口的焦磷酸钾、磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钾征收“双反”关税.

2009年11月7日中国商务部新闻发言人姚坚表示,“特别是美国,与中国的贸易摩擦在增加”.统计显示,今年1-9月,美国对中国发起贸易救济调查14起,涉案总额达58.4亿美元,同比大幅上涨639%.

2009年9月,美国消费品安全委员会共召回7个国家和地区产品15次,其中中国产品被召回6次,占被召回产品总次数的40%,居第一位.

2）对台军售
2010年1月29日宣布新一波对台军售,包括60架黑鹰直升机、爱国者三型导弹系统、2艘鹗级猎雷舰、鱼叉反舰导弹、博胜指管系统,总额达63．92亿美元.

3）人权问题

二）中美人权对话
5月13日至14日,奥巴马当选美国总统以来的中美双方首次人权对话将在华盛顿举行.奥巴马一再强调中美关系的重要性,在人权问题上也展现了新的姿态.
第一,明确表示两国的共同利益比分歧更重要；第二,与中方就分歧进行对话；
第三,不让分歧妨碍合作.

三）第二轮中美战略与经济对话
5月24日至25日,第二轮中美战略与经济对话将在北京举行.中美关系正呈现出不断升温迹象,并即将迎来密集交互期.
1、战略对话取得26项具体成果：
中美双方签署了《中国国家核安全局和美国核管制委员会关于进一步加强西屋AP1000核反应堆核安全合作备忘录》、签署了《中国国家能源局与美国国务院中美页岩气资源工作组工作计划》、签署了《中国国家发展改革委与美国国务院关于绿色合作伙伴计划框架实施的谅解备忘录》,宣布成立绿色合作伙伴计划联合秘书处,并启动新一轮的绿色合作伙伴结对工作.中美签署了《中华人民共和国海关总署与美国国土安全部海关与边境保护局关于供应链安全与便利合作的谅解备忘录》、续签了《中华人民共和国卫生部和美利坚合众国卫生与公共服务部关于新发和再发传染病合作项目的谅解备忘录》.中美签署了《中华人民共和国海关总署与美国国土安全部海关与边境保护局关于供应链安全与便利合作的谅解备忘录》、续签了《中华人民共和国卫生部和美利坚合众国卫生与公共服务部关于新发和再发传染病合作项目的谅解备忘录》.欢迎在落实《中美关于加强气候变化、能源和环境合作的谅解备忘录》和《中美能源和环境十年合作框架》方面取得的进展,并同意加强在气候变化、能源、环境等领域的务实合作.双方发表了《中美能源安全合作联合声明》.双方同意加强在阻止、打击核及其他相关放射性材料非法运输方面的合作.同意在平等和相互尊重的基础上继续就人权问题进行对话,期待明年在中国举行下一轮人权对话.作为《联合国气候变化框架公约》的缔约方,重申对《哥本哈根协议》的支持；宣布中国国家发展改革委和美国环保局将履行对2009年11月《关于加强应对气候变化能力建设合作备忘录》的承诺,并拟在一个月之内举行会议启动实施；同意就短寿命温室气体启动讨论.
2、经济对话成果包括五方面重要内容：
1）双方承诺进一步加快转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构.美方承诺将推动建立更加平衡和可持续的经济发展模式,提高储蓄率.中方将继续提高国内消费对经济发展的贡献率,加强社会保障体系建设.
2）双方承诺致力于构建更加开放的全球贸易和投资体系,反对贸易和投资保护主义.美方将在贸易救济调查中,认真考虑并给予提出“市场导向行业”申请的中国企业公正、合理的待遇,并通过中美商贸联委会,以一种合作的方式迅速承认中国市场经济地位.中方对依法在华经营的包括美国企业在内的外资企业提供国民待遇.
3）双方同意加强金融领域的交流与合作,充分发挥金融机构支持实体经济的功能.美方欢迎外国资本投资于美金融业,承诺对中资银行、证券和基金管理公司适用与其他国家相同的审慎监管标准.
4）双方同意加强在国际金融体系改革方面的合作.双方同意共同努力,确保多伦多、首尔峰会取得积极成果.
5）双方鼓励通过两国部门间经济对话机制深化双边经济合作与交流.包括通过中美科技联委会进一步讨论创新问题等.