夏洛蒂·勃朗特的生命艰辛而又壮丽,像一夺傲放于风沙中的仙人掌花,把什么比喻什么

夏洛蒂的生命艰辛而又壮丽,像一枝绽放于风雪之中的腊梅花

吃苦耐劳、百折不挠、要强好胜、孜孜不倦、大名鼎鼎的夏洛蒂
身残志坚、不屈不挠、孜孜不倦、自强不息、大名鼎鼎的霍金
聪明过人、不屈不挠、心灵手巧的鲁滨逊

身残志坚、锲而不舍、不屈不挠、百折不挠、毫不畏惧、顽强不屈、孜孜不倦、勇于探索.

If all the world hated you, and believed you wicked, while your own conscience approved you, and absolved you from guilt, you would not be without friends.
这个是原版的.

上海文艺出版社 I S B N：9787532131990
译林出版社 I S B N：9787544704113
I S B N：9787544711203
北京燕山出版社 I S B N：9787540223427
中国对外翻译出版公司 I S B N：9787500122104
中国书籍出版社 I S B N：9787506813754

《小草和大树》这篇课文是写夏洛蒂·勃朗特三姐妹在（贫苦中奋斗）、（写作中受挫）、（思考中转型）和（努力中成功）前发奋努力,最终取得成功的事.
是这样的吧?

女人当自强

霍金:不断求索的科学精神、勇敢顽强的人格力量、静于思考的研究习惯、感恩生命的博大情怀和乐观向上的良好心态.
夏洛蒂：不屈不挠的精神、坚韧不拔的意志、要强好胜的决心.
肖邦：一腔热血、心怀祖国.

1847年,《简·爱》和《呼啸山庄》在英国先后出版.这两部作品的出现,引起了文学界强烈的轰动；而这两部不朽的名著竟出于名不见传的两姐妹之手,更成了英国文学史上的佳话.这两姐妹就是夏洛蒂·勃朗特和艾米莉·勃朗特.夏洛蒂的《简·爱》因题材的新颖和感情的真挚立即引起当时评论界的重视,而艾米莉则凭着《呼啸山庄》这部有着奇想象力的小说在英国文学史上占有突出地位.然而人们没有想到,这两姐妹的成功却源自她们那孤独、苦闷和不幸的生活.
凄凉、孤独的童年
勃朗特姐妹生长在一个穷牧师家庭,她们的母亲在孩子们还很年幼时患肺癌去世,这使全家陷入了不幸.失去了母亲,孩子们的童年就象没有阳光的深冬,凄凉而没有欢乐.所幸的是,她们的父亲--那位穷牧师--学识渊博,他亲自教她们读书,指导她们看书读报,这些都给了她们很大的影响,这也算是不幸中的万幸.
由于生活的凄苦,勃朗特姐妹不得不在慈善学校度过了一段童年.因为学校里的生活条件十分恶劣,夏洛蒂和艾米莉的两个姐姐先后患肺病死去,这给夏洛蒂极其沉重的打击.后来,她将这家学校搬进了《简·爱》,并且为了纪念她的姐姐,在书中塑造了一个海伦·彭斯的可爱的小姑娘的形象.此后,夏洛蒂和艾米莉就回到家里,与弟弟勃兰威尔和妹妹安妮一起自学.
她们的家居住在荒凉偏僻的山区,再加上这个家庭一向离群索居,因此她们游玩的场地只有一望无际的沼泽和西边的旷野.她们常在旷野里散步,感受着旷野的气氛,特别是艾米莉,她表面沉默寡言,内心却热情奔放,她将旷野的感受全写进了《呼啸山庄》,构成了《呼啸山庄》的独特氛围.为了打发寂寞的时光,她们四个便常常读书、写作诗歌以及杜撰传奇故事,她们自办了一个手抄的刊物：《年轻人的杂志》,自编自写自读,这给她们带来了莫大乐趣,对她们以后成为著名的作家是一个初步锻炼.娄时,夏洛蒂写了许多小说、诗歌和剧本,据她自己在14岁时开列的作品名单,就有22卷.
艰苦工作后的解脱
为了生活,勃朗特姐妹先后离家出外当家庭教师,屈辱的生活激起了她们强烈的愤怒之情.夏洛蒂倍感歧视和孤独,她憎恨家庭教师这个行当,两次都只工作了几个月就离开了,但这段经历却为《简·爱》提供了极其重要的素材.在艰若、闭塞的生活中,勃朗特姐妹经常利用晚上的 一点余暇积极地写作,作为对一天枯燥乏味的辛劳工作的一种解脱.尤其是艾米莉,她除了工作之外,还要承担全家繁重的家务劳动,洗衣服、烧菜、烤面包,为了随时记下写作素材,她在厨房里干活时,总是随身带着纸和笔,只要一有空隙,就立即把脑了了里涌现的思想写下来,然后继续烧饭.
这一段时期,她们一直没有停止创作活动.1836年,夏洛蒂把自己写的几首诗寄给了当时著名的桂冠诗人骚塞,不料骚塞竟认为文学不是妇女的事业,而且认为夏洛蒂没有特殊的才能.他决不会想到,正是这个他认为没有特殊才能的夏洛蒂·勃朗特在10年后会成为轰动英国文坛的作家.
勃朗特姐妹曾打算合力办一所学校,可是印了招生广告,却没有人来报名.这时她们唯一的弟弟勃兰威尔由于环境的刺激,养成了酗酒的恶习,并为些丢掉了工作,成为家庭的负担.1845年秋季的一天,夏洛蒂偶然看到艾米莉写的一本诗集,她深受感动,想到写作也许是一条出路,于是,她动用了去世的姨妈留给她们的遗产,与两个妹妹合出一本诗集.但是尽管诗写得很美,却未能引起人们的注意,只卖掉了两本.
小说创作上的成功
虽然如此,这本诗集的出版仍鼓舞了她们的创作情绪,于是勃朗特姐妹埋头写起小说来.这一年,安妮写成了《艾格妮斯·格雷》,艾米莉写成了《呼啸山庄》,夏洛蒂写成了《教授》.前两部都被出版商接受了,只有《教授》被退回.但夏洛蒂没有灰心,她开始写《简·爱》,小说中的人物和情节很多都是她从生活中经历过的或是熟悉的.她用了一年时间以相当快的速度写好了《简·爱》,两个月以后,书出版了,而《艾格妮斯·格雷》和《呼啸山庄》直到《简·爱》出版后方才出版.然而是只有《简·爱》获得了成功,受到重视,《呼啸山庄》却不为当时的读者所理解.
但是随着时间的推移,《呼啸山庄》以作者“心灵中非凡的热情”和她继拜伦之后无人可比的“强烈的情感、忧伤、大胆”震撼了越来越多的人们的心灵,于是,《呼啸山庄》被誉为“最奇特的小说”,艾米莉·勃朗特也以她唯一的一部小说奠定了她在英国文学史以及世界文学史上的地位.

人间自由幸福；更高精神境界。

夏洛蒂·勃朗特是典范

特三姐妹告诉我们：一个人个一生会遇到许多困难,但只要我们树立远大的理想,并朝着目标不断前进.受挫后,要毫不气馁,从挫折中吸取教训,认真权衡,有则改之,无则加勉,要越挫越勇,有锲而不舍的精神,这样才能成功.
无论渺小的东西又多么渺小,但只要顽强不屈、勇敢顽强,就可以变伟大.

学习了这一单元的课文,我们认识了许多名人,如（ 不怕挫折、敢于挑战命运）的夏洛蒂·勃朗特；（乐观向上 ）的史蒂芬·霍金；（不怕困难、机智勇敢 ）的鲁滨

以自己为原型进行艺术加工的

其实自然的变化是夏洛蒂·勃朗特用来折射人物内心和为下文变化所作的铺垫.
简爱的遭遇和作者本人的经历有一部分相似,所以人说《简爱》是夏洛蒂的自传,比如简爱在罗伍德学校的经历,海伦的原型是夏洛蒂的姐姐,拒绝圣·约翰的求婚也与现实中夏洛蒂拒绝一个牧师求婚的经历一样.
海伦的原型是夏洛蒂的姐姐玛丽亚；伯莎可以说是简爱的另一个自我——被压抑的一个自我；罗切斯特的原型是夏洛蒂在国外求学的老师埃热先生；圣·约翰的原型是夏洛蒂好友的哥哥,他曾向夏洛蒂求婚.

Charlotte Brontë
Jane Eyre

作者将夏洛蒂·勃朗特比作“仙人掌花”,意在突出她不屈的精神和在恶劣环境中茁壮成长的顽强的生命力

Jane Eyre:The protagonist and title character,orphaned as a baby.She is a plain-featured and reserved but talented,empathetic,hard-working,honest (not to say blunt),and passionate girl.Skilled at studying,drawing,and teaching,she works as a governess at Thornfield Manor and falls in love with her wealthy employer,Edward Rochester.But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress,and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance.
Mr.Reed:Jane's maternal uncle.He adopts Jane when her parents die.Before his own death,he makes his wife promise to care for Jane.
Mrs.Sarah Reed:Jane's aunt by marriage,who resides at Gateshead.Because her husband insists,Mrs.Reed adopts Jane.Jane,however,receives nothing but neglect and abuse at her hands.At the age of ten,Jane is sent away to school.Years later,Jane attempts to reconcile with her aunt,but Mrs.Reed spurns her,still resenting that her husband loved Jane more than his own children.Shortly afterward,Mrs.Reed dies of a stroke.
John Reed:Mrs.Reed's son,and Jane's cousin.He is Mrs.Reed's "own darling," though he bullies Jane constantly,sometimes in his mother's presence.He goes to college,ruining himself and Gateshead through gambling.Word comes of his death; his decision to commit suicide.
Eliza Reed:Mrs.Reed's elder daughter,and Jane's cousin.Bitter because she is not as attractive as her sister,Georgiana Reed,she devotes herself self-righteously to Catholicism.After her mother's death,she enters a French convent,where she eventually becomes the Mother Superior.
Georgiana Reed:Mrs.Reed's younger daughter,and Jane's cousin.Though spiteful and insolent,she is indulged by everyone at Gateshead because of her beauty.In London,Lord Edwin Vere falls in love with her,but his relations are against their marriage.Lord Vere and Georgiana decide to elope,but Eliza finds them out.Georgiana returns to Gateshead,where she grows plump and vapid,spending most of her time talking of her love affair.After Mrs.Reed's death,she marries a wealthy but worn-out society man.
Bessie Lee:The nursemaid at Gateshead.She sometimes treats Jane kindly,telling her stories and singing her songs.Later she marries Robert Leaven.
Robert Leaven:The coachman at Gateshead,who sometimes gives Jane a ride on Georgiana's bay pony.He brings Jane to Lowood Institution.Months after she goes to Thornfield Hall,he brings her the news of John Reed's death,which had brought on Mrs.Reed's stroke.
Mr.Lloyd:A compassionate apothecary who recommends that Jane be sent to school.Later,he writes a letter to Miss Temple confirming Jane's account of her childhood and thereby clearing Jane of Mrs.Reed's charge of lying.
Mr.Brocklehurst:The arrogant,hypocritical clergyman who serves as headmaster and treasurer of Lowood School.He embezzles the school's funds in order to pay for his family's opulent lifestyle.At the same time,he preaches a doctrine of Christian austerity and self-sacrifice to everyone in hearing.When his dishonesty is brought to light,he is made to share his office of inspector and treasurer with more kindly people,who greatly improve the school.
Miss Maria Temple:The kind,attractive young superintendent of Lowood School.She recognizes Mr.Brocklehurst for the cruel hypocrite he is,and treats Jane and Helen with respect and compassion.She helps clear Jane of Mrs.Reed's false accusation of deceit.
Miss Scatcherd:A sour and vicious teacher at Lowood.She behaves with particular cruelty toward Helen,using her as a scapegoat for anything and everything.
Helen Burns:An angelic fellow-student and best friend of Jane's at Lowood School.Several years older than the ten-year-old Jane,she stoically accepts all the cruelties of the teachers and the deficiencies of the school's room and board.She refuses to hate the tyrannical Mr.Brocklehurst or the vicious Miss Scatcherd,or to complain,believing in the New Testament teaching that one should love one's enemies and turn the other cheek.Jane reveres her for her profound Christianity,even though she herself believes that returning hate for hate is necessary to prevent evil from taking over.Helen,uncomplaining as ever,dies of consumption in Jane's arms.In the book it is noted that she was buried in an unmarked grave until some years later,when a marble gravestone with her name and the word 'Resurgam' inscribed on it appears.The possible inference is that this was provided by Jane.
Edward Fairfax Rochester:The owner of Thornfield Manor,and Jane's lover and eventual husband.He possesses a strong physique and great wealth,but his face is very plain and his moods prone to frequent change.Impetuous and sensual,he falls madly in love with Jane because her simplicity,bluntness,intellectual capacity and plainness contrast so much with those of the shallow society women to whom he is accustomed.But his unfortunate marriage to the maniacal Bertha Mason postpones his union with Jane,and he loses a hand and his eyesight while trying to rescue his mad wife after she sets a fire that burns down Thornfield.He is a Byronic hero.
Bertha Mason:The violently insane secret wife of Edward Rochester.From the West Indies and of Creole extraction,her family possesses a strong strain of madness,of which Rochester did not know until,lured by her wealth and beauty,he had married her.Her insanity manifests itself in a few years,and Rochester resorts to imprisoning her in the attic of Thornfield Manor.But she escapes four times during the novel and wreaks havoc in the house,the fourth time actually burning it down and taking her own life in the process.
Ad猫le Varens:A naive,vivacious and rather spoiled French child to whom Jane is governess at Thornfield.She is Rochester's ward because her mother,Celine Varens,an opportunistic French opera dancer and singer,was Rochester's mistress.Rochester does not believe himself to be Ad猫le's father.Although not particularly fond of her,he nonetheless extends the little girl the best of care.In time,she grows up to be a very pleasant and well-mannered young woman.
Mrs.Alice Fairfax:An elderly widow and housekeeper of Thornfield Manor.She treats Jane kindly and respectfully,but disapproves of her engagement to Mr Rochester.She believes that marriages should be limited to one's own class.
Blanche Ingram:A beautiful but very shallow socialite whom Mr.Rochester appears to court in order to make Jane jealous.Blanche despises the rather dowdy protagonist because she is a governess.Later Jane discovers Blanche Ingram did not love Mr.Rochester but rather his fortune.
Richard Mason:A strangely blank-eyed but handsome Englishman from the West Indies,he stops Jane and Rochester's wedding with the proclamation that Rochester is still married to Bertha Mason,his sister.
St.John Eyre Rivers:A clergyman who is Jane Eyre's cousin on her father's side.He is a devout,almost fanatical Christian of Calvinistic leanings.He is charitable,honest,patient,forgiving,scrupulous,austere and deeply moral; with these qualities alone,he would have made a saint.But he is also proud,cold,exacting,controlling and unwilling to listen to dissenting opinions.He was in love with Rosamond Oliver,but did not propose to her because he felt that she would not make a "suitable" wife.Jane venerates him and likes him,regarding him as a brother,but she refuses to marry him because he doesn't love her and is incapable of real kindness.
Diana and Mary Rivers:St.John's sisters and Jane's cousins,they are kind and intellectual young women who contrive to lead an independent life while retaining their intelligence,purity and sense of meaning in life.Diana warns Jane against marrying her icy brother.
Grace Poole:Bertha Mason's keeper,a frumpish woman verging on middle age.She drinks gin immoderately,occasionally giving her maniacal charge a chance to escape.Rochester and Mrs.Fairfax attribute all of Bertha's misdeeds to her.
Rosamond Oliver:The rather shallow and coquettish,but beautiful and good-natured daughter of Morton's richest man.She donates the funds to launch the village school because she is in love with St.John.However,as St.John refuses to let himself love her,she in time becomes engaged to the wealthy Mr.Granby.
John Eyre:Jane's paternal uncle,who leaves her his vast fortune of 20,000 pounds.He never appears as a character.Has distant relations with St.John.Leaves him and his sisters 31 pounds and 10 shillings (i.e.30 guineas) as a result.Jane divides her 20,000 pounds amongst the four of them (St.John,Mary,Diana and herself) leaving each with 5,000 pounds.

1于是三姐妹在荆棘丛中开拓新路,向小说领域驰骋神思妙笔.荆棘指什么新路指什么
荆棘指创作道路上的重重困难
新路指由创作诗歌转向小说创作
2夏洛蒂.勃朗在奋斗中遇到了什么困难
家庭不幸的逆境——童年生活困苦,母亲早逝；她承起维持家庭生计的担子,照顾两个妹妹和一个弟弟.
写作道路上的逆境——遭遇桂冠诗人的讽刺和打击, 更重要的保守的观念和对妇女的偏见；出版后卖不出去的逆境.
3姐妹三个给你的启示
生活在极度贫困家庭中的夏洛蒂·勃朗特姐妹坚持学习、写作,不断遭受着打击和失败. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特姐妹经过慎重反思,决定由诗歌创作转向小说创作,争分夺秒,孜孜 不倦,终获成功.

夏洛蒂不屈不挠 霍金正视命运，敢于与病魔作斗争 鲁滨逊聪明机智 敬佩霍金，因为他只有三根手指会动，但他以坚韧不拔的毅力撰写了《时间简史》。