乳腺癌浸润性三级属于哪一期左前哨淋巴结（1／3个）有癌转移。免疫组化：ER（十）、PR（十十）、Cerb一2（3十）、C

（1）根据题意可知，H蛋白在多种恶性肿瘤特别是乳腺癌细胞中过量表达，因此原癌基因的表达产物H蛋白在正常组织中低表达；由于抗体主要存在于细胞外液中，因此根据H蛋白的结构图可知，若用H蛋白制备抗原需要利用胞外区基因，由制备获得的抗体作用于该抗原的胞外区．
（2）在制备单克隆抗体过程中，需要将脾脏细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合，诱导其融合的试剂为聚乙二醇，其融合的原理是借助于细胞膜的流动性．
（3）将融合细胞接种在选择培养基中，从中选出杂交瘤细胞，利用抗原-抗体杂交技术最后选出产生单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞．
（4）将杂交瘤细胞经过体外培养或小鼠腹腔内培养，获得大量的单克隆抗体．
（5）单克隆抗体的优点是特异性强，灵敏度高．
故答案为：
（1）低表达胞外
（2）骨髓瘤 PEG（或“聚乙二醇”）细胞膜的流动性
（3）选择抗原-抗体杂交
（4）体外（培养）
（5）特异性强（或“识别抗原部位专一”）

Genomics provide new for some disease diagnosis and treatment methods. In newly diagnosed with breast cancer women, for example, a test called Oncotype DX "genome, can be used to assess the individual risk of breast cancer recurrence and the effect of chemotherapy, which helps doctors get more information and personalized medicine. Genomics is also used to the food and agricultural sector. Genomics tools and methods include:

When Fanny was aged 15, her 47 year-old mother had died of breast cancer; her grandmother had also passed away due to lung cancer at the age of 50 plus. That summer, in an intolerable hot afternoon, Fanny was at home in which the silence was unsettling. She used to beguile her state of emptiness with loafing about in supermarkets, sitting at the counter of the donut store, trying to dismiss the memory of her cancer-tormented mother that was preying on her mind and giving out roars of anger. She claimed that the family misfortune would not drag her down, she would not wait for her death. Fortunately, the story of Fanny has a happy ending; because she is 54 years old this year, her son Tom is 15, and they are both alive and well.

Her-2基因扩增易复发

我尽力了,能多给几分不?
Name: Audrey Hepburn
Born: May 4, 1929
Anniversary of the death: January 20, 1993, died in Switzerland due to breast cancer
Family: His father is a wealthy British banker and his mother was a Dutch baroness
Height: five feet seven inches (170 cm)
Weight: 110 lbs (50 kg)
Measurements :32 -20-35
Audrey Hepburn May 4, 1929 was born in the Belgian capital of Brussels, the son of a banker, mother is a harsh blue of the Baroness, when Audrey was a child when they divorced. Audrey was a woman in London, private schools, but later they returned to the Netherlands with his mother. Then the Second World War has been the outbreak of the Nazi occupation army days, Audrey suffered from depression and malnutrition, Audrey thin figure that will come from this. After the war, Audrey studied ballet in England and became a model. Since then she became an actress, and came to Broadway. A little of her on stage, so the Hollywood film producer who invited her, her first film is the famous "Roman Holiday." In this classic film, Audrey played a beautiful naughty Princess Anne, who deserted in the affairs of state activities, the princess, captured the hearts of fans around the world, she was in the movie pretty short hair, the wind rejoice the world. Her performance so well with her co-star Gregory Large. Parker in the film is not foreseen before the release of her will be successful. Audrey really the first film took the Oscar Awards. Audrey from the fifties and sixties have become the most popular of the big star. She starred in the comedy humor, her screen image of the beautiful, deeply loved by the audience. "Breakfast at Tiffany," "My Fair Lady," "Long Fengpei" (Shabu Katrina) are all well-known film in the history of the enduring movie. Audrey in his later years actively participated in humanitarian activities, she was sent to Africa's condolences to the victims of the United Nations Goodwill Ambassador.
In 1989 she shot her last film Steven. Steven Spielberg's "forever" in the film she is down to enchant mortal earthly angel.
1993 Audrey had been tortured by cancer, left the earth, this is considered to be a mixture of women and children the beauty of the perfect woman is always the people's minds the star, her 31 films are almost all classic, Minister memorable.

Audrey Hepburn works before his death: (Part of Hollywood)
1953 "Roman Holiday" (RomanHoliday)
1954 "Long Fengpei" (Sabrina)
1956 "War and Peace" (WarandPeace)
1957 "sweet little girls" (FunnyFace)
"Evening of Love" (LoveintheAfternoon)
"Green Mansions" (GreenMansions)
1959 "Sister Biography" (TheNun `sStory)
1960 "Love day scores" (TheUnforgiven)
1961 "Breakfast at Tiffany" (BreakfastatTiffany `s)
1962 "Children of the moment" (TheChildren `sHour)
1963 "Mystery of Mystery" (Charade)
1964 "Paris Holiday" (ParisWhenItSiaales)
"My Fair Lady" (MyFairLady)
1966 "frauds turn phoenix" (HowtoStealaMillion)
1967 "Beauty Line" (TwofortheRoad)
"Wait until dark" (WaitUntilDark)
1976 "Robin and Marian" (RobinandMarian)
1979 "descent" (Bloodine)
1981 "laughter" (TheyAllLaughed)
1989 "forever" (Always)

解题思路：单克隆抗体的制备过程是：对小动物注射抗原，从该动物的脾脏中获取效应B细胞，将效应B细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合，筛选出能产生单一抗体的杂交瘤细胞，克隆化培养杂交瘤细胞（体内培养和体外培养），最后获取单克隆抗体．
诱导动物细胞融合的方法有：物理法（离心、振动）、化学法（聚乙二醇）、生物法（灭活的病毒）．

（1）根据题意可知，H蛋白在多种恶性肿瘤特别是乳腺癌细胞中过量表达，因此原癌基因的表达产物H蛋白在正常组织中低表达；由于抗体主要存在于细胞外液中，因此根据H蛋白的结构图可知，若用H蛋白制备抗原需要利用胞外区基因，由制备获得的抗体作用于该抗原的胞外区．
（2）在制备单克隆抗体过程中，需要将脾脏细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合，诱导其融合的试剂为聚乙二醇，其融合的原理是借助于细胞膜的流动性．
（3）将融合细胞接种在选择培养基中，从中选出杂交瘤细胞．
（4）将杂交瘤细胞经过体外培养或小鼠腹腔内培养，获得大量的单克隆抗体．
故答案为：
（1）低表达 胞外
（2）骨髓瘤PEG（或“聚乙二醇”） 细胞膜的流动性
（3）选择
（4）体外（培养）

点评：
本题考点： 单克隆抗体的制备过程．

考点点评： 本题结合抑制癌症的材料考查了单克隆抗体的相关知识，要求考生能够从题干和题图中获取有效解题信息；识记单克隆抗体的制备过程以及细胞融合的诱导技术，识记单克隆抗体的优点等方面的知识．

解题思路：此题考查的知识点是生物多样性的使用价值．解答时可以从生物多样性的直接价值、间接价值、潜在价值方面来分析．

生物多样性是人类赖以生存的物质基础．生物多样性的使用价值有直接价值、间接价值和潜在价值，直接价值是直接利用生物体如食用萝卜、药用如大青叶三七、工业用如橡胶；生物体的间接价值，如植物在生态系统中的调节作用，保持水土的作用，调节碳氧平衡的作用，动物促进物质循环的作用等；潜在价值如将来有可能开发出新药材，如紫杉醇对子宫癌、乳腺癌、白血病等病有特殊疗效，被预测为21世纪最畅销的抗癌药物．
故选：D

点评：
本题考点： 生物的多样性的内涵．

考点点评： 解答此类题目的关键是理解生物多样性的价值．