"Excluding costs to write down assets,.

英语翻译
It is significant to note that,excluding the boxes in the Serapeum and the interiors of the coffers in Kufu's and Khafre's pyramids,some of the precise artifacts I have studied and include in this book were not finished to a high level ofpolish.Nor do they have the striations caused by a rough abrasive that could have been used to achieve the exact geometries they demonstrate.Creating a surface to precise geometry,whether the geometry is flat-line or circular,if performed by hand work,would require spot finishing-that is,attending to areas that require the discreet removal of material to achieve their final,precise shape.It is surprising,therefore,to find surfaces that are finished to within 0.001 inch (0.0254 millimeter) that do not exhibit any signs ofpolish at all.Having produced precision surfaces by hand finishing and with machine-guided tools,when I examine surfaces created by the ancient Egyptians,it is clear to me that machines were involved in their creation.

紧急 紧急
A salad bar has 7 ingredients,excluding the dressing Howing many different salads are possible where two salads are different if they don't include identical ingredients?答案是128

take issue with
Douglass felt that by excluding men from office the society would lose supporters in the battle against those in the temperance movement who wished to deny women equal rights,

英语翻译
Long-term intake of high levels of vitamin A(excluding that sourced from beta-carotene) may increase the risk of osteporosis in adults.Do not take this product if taking other vitamin A supplements.

excluding和Take out的分别
都有去掉,不计算在内的意思.
具体用法有什么区别?
请举几个例子.

ACCA F3 credited with the total of sales made,excluding sales tax
ACCA F3 的 Sale Tax,不太明白这句话的意思

英语翻译
A salad bar has ingredients,excluding the dressing.How many different salads are possible where two salads are different if they don't include indentical ingredients?You can either include or exclude each of the seven ingredients in your salad,which means there are 2 choices for each ingredient.According to the multiplication rule,there are 2*7=128 ways of making these yes-no choices.原问题哪里来的include和exclude东西?
原题打错了A salad bar has 7 ingredients,excluding the dressing.How many different salads are possible where two salads are different if they don't include indentical ingredients?