3.2 Types of Vegetative Propagation:Natural and Artificial V

human scrabble
英语教学法中,在Types of speaking tasks 这一节中讲到“Human scrabble” 这一活动.原句是：A very lively game that helps students practice spelling described in 101+Terrific Tips for Language Teachers is called " Human Scrabble"

there are moer than 60 different types of kangaroos
翻译 急

托福改错题
certain types of 1(computers) work 2(properly) only in 3(environments) with 4(precisely controlled) temperatures.
是应该改4吗?
可是controlled是动词把 precisely是副词把.这样的搭配应该是对的把?

英语翻译
1.1 Reinforced Concrete Column
1.1.1 Types of columns
Columns are defined as members that carry loads chiefly in compression .Usually columns carry bending moment as well ,about one or both axes of the cross-section ,and the bending action may produce tensile force over a part of the cross-section .Even in such cases ,columns are generally referred to as compression members ,because the compression forces dominate their behavior .In addition to the common type of compression member ,i.e.,vertical elements in structures ,compression members include arch ribs ,inclined rigid frame members ,compression elements in trusses or shell .
Columns may be classified based on the following different categories:
(1) Base on loading ,columns maybe classified as follows:
a.Axially loaded columns ,where loads are assumed acting at the centroid of column section .
b.Eccentrically loaded columns ,where the loads are acting at a distance e from the centroid of column section .The distance e could be along the x or y axis ,causing moments either about the x axis or y axis .
c.Biaxially loaded columns ,where the loads are applied at any point on the column section ,causing moments about both the x axis and y axis simultaneously .
(2) Based on length ,columns can be classified as follows :
a.Short columns ,where the column's failure is due to the crushing of concrete or due to the yielding of the steel bars under the full load capacity of the columns .
b.Long columns (slender columns ) ,where the bucking effect and the slenderness ratio must be taken into consideration in the design ,thus reducing the load capacity of the column relative to that of a short column .
(3) Based on lateral reinforcement ,columns can be classified as follows (Figure 4.24) :
a.Columns reinforced with longitudinal bars and lateral ties .
b.Columns reinforced with longitudinal bars and continuous spirals .
c.Composite compression members reinforced longitudinally with structural steel shapes ,pipe ,or tubing ,with or without additional longitudinal bars ,and various types of lateral reinforcement .
The main reinforcement in columns is longitudinal ,parallel to the direction of the load ,and consists of bars arranged in a square ,rectangular ,or circular pattern .
Lateral reinforcement ,in the form of individual relatively widely spaced ties or a continuous closely spaced spirals ,serves several functions .For one ,such reinforcement is needed to hold the longitudinal bars in positions in the forms while the concrete is being placed .For this purpose ,longitudinal and transverse steel are wired together to forms cages ,which are then moved into the forms and properly positioned before placing concrete .For another ,transverse reinforcement is need to prevent the highly stressed ,slender longitudinal bars from bucking outward by bursting the thin concrete cover .

一道CCNA考题
主要是看不懂types of flow control 是啥意思- - 谁来解个惑,
which of the following are types of flow control