哈代-温伯格定律的证明

Tess tragedy of Abstract :"Tess of the D'Urbervilles" is a famous English novelist and poet Thomas 1630s were made on behalf of one of the 100 years have passed,heroine Tess has long established in the gallery among world literature.This is not only because the people have beyond traditional morality,but also because the heroine works owned by the depths of human nature as the soul of great charm make it the most touching one of the female image.Tess's fate is tragic,it is the selection of certain factors,but this tragedy itself is inevitable,Is it because the main social factors and the destiny of the factors,personality factors and the occasional non-rational factors.Key words :Hardy,Tess,tragedies,

1878年,英国呗.爱敦荒原是作品中故事的发生地.

还乡（The Return Of The Native）
卡斯特桥市长(The Mayor of Casterbridge)
远离尘嚣 (Far from the Madding Crowd）
德伯家的苔丝(Tess of the dUrbervilles)
无名的裘德 (Jude the Obscure)

"旨在直率坦白地揭示未能如愿以偿的悲剧 "
to tell, without a mincing of words, of a deadly war waged between flesh and spirit; and to point the tragedy of unfulfilled aimshttp://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Jude_the_Obscure/Preface后面一句应该不是文章里的吧.需要多些信息,你可以看看附件中的英文原版

不要给百合花镀金/画蛇添足.(英国剧作家 莎士比亚 .W .)

AA占五分之二,Aa占二分之一,aa占十分之一.所以A的基因频率2／5+1／2*1／2=13／20,a的基因频率1／2*1／2+1／10=7／20.每一代都这样算,你自己试试会发现A和a的基因频率都不变.三年后自然AA=13／20*13／20,aa=7／20*7／20

隐性基因频率q的平方就是隐性基因型qq频率=含隐性基因个体数/总个体数

《远离尘嚣》《德伯家的苔丝》、《无名的裘德》、《还乡》和《卡斯特桥市长》
PS~请问你是要读后感还是有关他们文章还是什么呢还是其他名家写有关托马斯·哈代的文章?亲,问题不明
如果你是要赏识的话,可以发txt给你.希望可以帮到你,望接纳.

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《绿林荫下》、《远离尘嚣》、《还乡》、《卡斯特桥市长》、《林居人》、《德伯家的苔丝》、《无名的裘德》http://wapbaike.baidu.com/view/162482.htm?anchor=3#3

其实这是一个数学上的小技巧:
设显性基因频率为Q,隐性基因频率为q,那么则有
(Q+q)=1
两边平方得(Q+q)(Q+q)=1
乘开得 Q的平方+2Qq+q的平方=1
显性纯合基因型的频率两个显性基因碰上的概率,根据数学概率的乘法原理,就是二者概率的积,即Q的平方.如此类推可得杂合基因型频率是2Qq ,隐性纯合基因型频率是 q的平方

In college I read Hardy's poems translated Hsu,went to the original poem to read,think Hardy's poetry has a unique charm,Hardy's favorite theme song for "The Voice" ("call") poem ,he was mourning for the death of his ex-wife in December 1912.I repeatedly read,that rhythm,that weeping and soft tone,reminiscent of the call of spiritualism.This poem I had long wanted to translate it,but when the two text conversion always make me feel or read the poem as well,like a translation of the original poem will destroy the United States,in my opinion,is a less Translated pleasant.Until some of the older,more objective I think is a last resort,though Translated seeking Secondly,but do not know a foreign language to make contact with foreign poetry readers,Translated still necessary and useful,the translator can not function

哈代是指——托马斯•哈代（ThomasHardy,1840-1928）,英国诗人、小说家.他是横跨两个世纪的作家,早期和中期的创作以小说为主,继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学.

C

塞万提斯是西班牙人，《高老头》是巴尔扎克的作品，《麦琪的礼物》是欧·亨利的作品

1.The paper introduces the rydberg home Tess and author of "hardy and his novel" rydberg home Tess "probably content.
2 in the home of rydberg Tess ",in order to depict Tess this tragic character,hardy designedly for two male character (ya-lei rydberg and anji · · g
Lyle) makes a thorough and meticulous describe.
3.Nightmare and after being abandoned Tess led directly to the second destruction
4.The return directly will Tess to death
5.Rydberg home Tess "write in 1891,it is the most famous hardy and final
One of the works.The author in this eternal masterpiece,circulating successfully portrayed a
Most can reflect his disillusionment theme of character image --,Tess,thus will firstly economics-conflicts designation
The pessimism and fatalism thought to the when.
6.Tess's tragedy is her own
The tragedy,but also social and the tragedy of The Times.But her own tragedy,except for the cause
The ya-lei rydberg outside,Claire,more responsibility.
7.Hardy purposely detailed depicted the angel clair such a born in pastor
Court characters.He is the epitome of the whole bourgeoisie,is the real sinners Tess to death.
上面这位绝对不是自己翻的,因为他不可能和我从翻译器上的一样

楼上所说的那种情况,其实不是不符合,只是未到达平衡状态.可以发现从用计算规则一直计算下去,也就是繁殖很多代之后,基因型和基因频率会不断趋向于符合哈代温伯格定律,这也就是到达了平衡状态.而事实上,在一般状态下,...

可以,用两次,像十字交叉那种,比如（3:1）（3:1）=9:3:3:1

应该不能,哈温定律适用于处于遗传平衡、随机交配的种群中.

这就是遗传平衡定律,也称哈代c温伯格平衡.
遗传平衡定律的推导包括三个步骤:1.从亲本到所产生的配子；2.从配子的结合到子一代(或合子)的基因型；3.从子一代(或合子)的基因型到子代的基因频率.下面用一个例子来说明.
在一个兔种群中,有一半的兔体内有白色脂肪,基因型为YY,另一半的兔体内有黄色脂肪,基因型为yy.那么,这个种群中的基因Y和基因y的频率都是0.5.
在有性生殖过程中,在满足上述五个条件的情况下,这个种群产生的具有Y和y基因的精子的比例是0.5:0.5,产生的具有Y和y基因的卵细胞的比例也是0.5:0.5.
因此,子一代中基因Y和基因y的频率不变,仍然是0.50:0.50.如果继续满足上述五个条件,这个种群中基因Y和基因y的频率将永远保持0.50:0.50,而基因型YY、Yy、yy的频率也会一直保持0.25、0.50和0.25.
如果用p代表基因Y的频率,q代表基因y的频率.那么,遗传平衡定律可以写成:
(p+q)2=p2+2pq+q2=1
p2代表一个等位基因(如Y)纯合子的频率,q2代表另一个等位基因(如y)纯合子的频率,2pq代表杂合子(如Yy)的频率.如果一种群达到了遗传平衡,其基因型频率应当符合p2+2pq+q2=1.
遗传平衡所指的种群是理想的种群,在自然条件下,这样的种群是不存在的.这也从反面说明了在自然界中,种群的基因频率迟早要发生变化,也就是说种群的进化是必然的.
可以发现从用计算规则一直计算下去,也就是繁殖很多代之后,基因型和基因频率会不断趋向于符合哈代温伯格定律,这也就是到达了平衡状态.而事实上,在一般状态下,是很难存在平衡状态的,所以不能使用哈代温伯格定律.可以使用的条件为：种群足够大,随机交配,没有漂变和基因突变,没有和外部种群的基因交流,没有自然选择.

1中是Aa和Aa杂交的后代才能这么算,2应该是随便一片林子的,你再看看题目

"Tess of the d'Urbervilles" is one of the most well known novels by Thomas Hardy.It is a great classic of Nineteenth Century English literature in critical realism.The work portrays the various misfortunes suffered by Tess of the poor rural d'Urbervilles family in the span of a few years.However,the forces that led to Tess' tragic end are multi-layered.Objectively speaking,Tess is a victim of self-fulfilling prophecy and her internal self-conflict; her inability to break out of her distorted views of love eventually traps her in her tragic fate.Subjectively,Alec is the initial harbinger of her misfortune,her surroundings and societal pressure exacerbated her downfall; Angel Clare dealt her the deathblow; Hardy,all the while,is the invisible hand that manipulated her life from behind the scenes.