phonology和phonetics的区别

Phonetics是语音学,研究人类发音的学问.
phonology是音韵学,是研究不同语言的发音系统有何异同的学问.
phonics是声学,是物理学的一个部门,研究声波的各种性质,又称acoustics.

是否否是否,是否否否是.否是是

给phonetics 和 phonology下定义,并解释他们的共同点和不同点.

phonology是音韵学,是广义语言学的一个重要分支.音韵学也称声韵学,它是研究古代汉语各个历史时期声、韵、调系统及其发展规律的一门传统学问,是古代汉语的一个重要组成部分.
phonetics是语音学,是研究语音系统的成分和结构,变化和变化规律等语音知识和语音理论及其实际运用的科学.是研究人类语言声音的语言学分支学科.主要研究语言的发音机制,语音特性和在言谈中的变化规律.
音韵学和语音学不同：语音学是对语音的客观描写,有时还利用各种实验方法,来征明语音的生理现象和物理现象；音韵学则是把语音作为一个系统来观察,它研究各种语音现象之间的相互关系.语音学既然把语音当作生理现象或物理现象来研究,因此有所谓普通语音学,讲述发音器官的作用、各种语音的构成,那是适用于全人类的,只是每一个民族的具体语言还有自己的一些语音特点罢了.至于音韵学,则不可能有“普通音韵学”,因为音韵总是属于一种具体语言的,它具有很显著的民族特点,甲语言的语音系统决不可能跟乙语言的语音系统相同.
但是,音韵学又是跟语音学有密切关系的.不能想象,一个人不懂发音的道理而能把音韵学研究好.因此,我们又可以说,语音学是音韵学的基础.
汉语音韵学已经有了一千多年的传统,它有自己的一套理论和术语.我们应该用现代的语音学的理论和术语去说明它.我们不能抛开古代的理论和术语不管,因为我们必须把音韵学这份文化遗产继承下来.

音节不是按元音字母个数的多少来算的,are的音标里面只有 a:这一个元音,所以是一个音节,而你上面的那个词,四个音节分别是 pho no lo gy.gy发gi的音,里面也包含一个元音的发音,所以也算成一个音节,所以那个词是个四音节的词,判断一个词里面有几个音节是看音标里面有几个元音,而不是单词里面的,y虽然不是元音字母,但发的是元音的音.

Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages.
Discussion
The phonological system of a language includes
an inventory of sounds and their features,and
rules which specify how sounds interact with each other.
Phonology is just one of several aspects of language.It is related to other aspects such as phonetics,morphology,syntax,and pragmatics.
Here is an illustration that shows the place of phonology in an interacting hierarchy of levels in linguistics:

前者强调理论,后者强调学科

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phonology [简明英汉词典]
n.音韵学,语音体系
该改成
phonetic
phonetic [简明英汉词典]
adj.语音的,语音学的,表示语音的

Morphophonology(alsomorphophonemics,morphonology) is a branch oflinguisticswhich studies the interaction betweenmorphologicalandphonologicalorphoneticprocesses.Its chief focus is the sound changes that take place inmorphemes(minimal meaningful units) when they combine to form words.
Morphophonological analysis often involves an attempt to give a series of formal rules that successfully predict the regular sound changes occurring in the morphemes of a given language.Such a series of rules converts a theoreticalunderlying representationinto a surface form that is actually heard.The units of which the underlying representations of morphemes are composed are sometimes calledmorphophonemes.The surface form produced by the morphophonological rules may consist ofphonemes(which are then subject to ordinary phonological rules to produce speech sounds orphones),or else the morphophonological analysis may bypass the phoneme stage and produce the phones itself.
Phonologyis a branch oflinguisticsconcerned with the systematic organization ofsoundsin languages.It has traditionally focused largely on study of thesystemsofphonemesin particularlanguages,but it may also cover anylinguistic analysiseither at a level beneath the word (includingsyllable,onset andrhyme,articulatory gestures,articulatory features,mora,etc.) or at all levels of language wheresoundis considered to be structured for conveyinglinguistic meaning.Phonology also includes the study of equivalent organizational systems insign languages.
The wordphonology(as inthe phonology of English) can also refer to the phonological system (sound system) of a given language.This is one of the fundamental systems which a language is considered to comprise,like itssyntaxand itsvocabulary.
Phonology is often distinguished fromphonetics.While phonetics concerns the physical production,acoustic transmission andperceptionof the sounds of speech,[1][2]phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning.For many linguists,phonetics belongs todescriptive linguistics,and phonology totheoretical linguistics,although establishing the phonological system of a language is necessarily an application of theoretical principles to analysis of phonetic evidence.Note that this distinction was not always made,particularly before the development of the modern concept ofphonemein the mid 20th century.Some subfields of modern phonology have a crossover with phonetics in descriptive disciplines such aspsycholinguisticsandspeech perception,resulting in specific areas likearticulatory phonologyorlaboratory phonology.
引自 wikipedia

the differences between phonetics(语音学) and phonology(音系学):
1).phonetics—general,descriptive and classificatory;
phonology—particular and functional
2) phonetics—actual physical articulations of speech sounds;
phonology—the abstract aspect of the sounds in a language
3) phonetics—the means for describing speech sounds;
phonology—the way in which speech sounds are combined,organized,and convey meaning in particular languages.