谁能帮我理一下高中化学各种有机物鉴别方法（就必修2和选修《有机化学基础》）

长难句分析.to tart with 这部分是倒装吗,请高人把整个句子结构理一下.
To start with,the company imported telescopes and sold them by mail order,but by nineteen severty-seven,the company was making its own telescope.

帮忙理一下作文思路
今天老师让读文章写收获，文章有原版和修改后的两份……前者语言华丽不实，后者自然修改的很好……求根据这两篇作文写一下收获！
文章的名字是《放低姿态赢得更高贵》，百度一下文章的名字即可看到两篇文章了，不求作文，只求思路即可！

这几句的语法关系帮忙理一下
1、Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water that is constantly flowing inte them.
这句话的主句是哪,并翻译一下.
2、He was the last man to leave the sinking ship.
这边用leaving代替to leave 可以吗
3、In 1938 Pearl S.Buck became the first American woman to receive the Nobel Prize for literature.
这边用receiving代替to receive可以吗
4、The first explorer to reach California by land was Strong Smith,a trapper who crossed the soughwestern deserts of ghe United States in 1825.
这边用reaching代替to reach可以吗