梵蒂冈圣彼得大教堂守卫为什么一定要瑞士人

The fact, alone, that the great and truly unique Basilica of St. Peter's in Vatican faces out on this square wonld make it perhaps the most widely known of Roman piaz-zas. But above and beyond this, the space itself merits at-tention for its size (an enormous ellipse whose greatest di-ameter measures 240 m.) and the brilliant project by Gian Lorenzo Bernini whose scope was that of singling out this square from all others throngh the use of the imposing porticoes.
These porticoes are arranged in semicircles along the short sides of the square and consist of four parallel rows of Tuscan-Doric columns which provide a choice of three paths. Above the canonic entablature are 140 colossal statues of Saints, as well as the insignia of the patron pope, Alexander VII. At the center of the square, the plain obelisk, flanked by two fountains, stands at the crossing of the two diameters of the ellipse. Termed " aguglia " (needle) in the Middle Ages, the obelisk came from Heliopolis and was brought to Rome by the em-peror Caligula, and set on the spina of Nero's Circus,which is where St. Peter's in Vatican now stands. Throughout the various phases of restoration, destruc-tion, and reconstruction, the " aguglia " stayed next to the Basilica and was not set up at the center of the square until 1586 by Domenico Fontana, who also saw to the en-ginecring aspect of the undertaking.
The other architect, Carlo Fontana, designed the left-handiountain in Piazza San Pietro, built in 1677 as a pendant to the one on the right designed by Carlo Maderno about fifty years earli-er. A curious fact concerning the obelisk mentioned above is that it was used, or was believed to have been used in the Middle Ages, as a reliquary for the ashes of Caesar, and then (up to now) for a fragment of the Holy Cross.