1593年,英国海军坏血病患者多达一万多名,这些患者全身软弱无力,肌肉关节疼痛难忍,牙龈肿胀出血.人们对于坏血病病因一无

1593年,意大利著名科学家（伽利略 ）发现了气体的热胀冷缩现象

答：此温度计的玻璃泡内是空气，测量物体温度时，玻璃泡要与物体相接触，温度越高，管内空气体积越大，液柱下降的越多；
故使用此温度计时：温度计的玻璃泡与物体充分接触，观察液柱的高低变化情况，液柱越低，则说明被测物体温度越高．

解题思路：普通液体温度计是根据液体的热胀冷缩的性质制成的；
本题给玻璃泡加热后，内部气体体积膨胀，一部分气体溢出，当将玻璃管插入水中后，由于温度降低后，气体体积缩小，所以在外界气压的作用下，带颜色的液体就被压入玻璃管内；
这个温度计是根据气体热胀冷缩的性质成的，气温越高，内部气体的体积越大，示数越大，从而可以判断出液面的变化．

当气温升高时，玻璃泡内的气体体积膨胀，玻璃管中的液面应该下降．
由上分析，温度升高，温度计的液面会降低，当气温没有改变而大气压减小时，由玻璃管中的液面变化，观察者会误认为是气温升高．
故答案为：下降；升高．

点评：
本题考点： 液体温度计的构造与工作原理．

考点点评： 此题是原始温度计的测温原理，根据其制作及测温过程，可以看出该温度计是根据气体热胀冷缩的原理来测量温度的，温度越高，液面越低．

The thermometer is the earliest in 1593 by Italy scientist Galileo (1564 ~ 1642) invention. His first thermometer is a root is open glass tube, the other end is provided with a large walnut glass bulb. When using glass bulb heating to the first, and then put the glass tube is inserted into the water. Along with the change of the temperature, the surface will be in the glass tube to move up and down, according to the movement of the many will be able to determine the changes in temperature and temperature. Thermometer with thermal expansion and contraction of the role so that the thermometer, affected by the outside atmospheric pressure environment greatly, so the large measurement error. After Galileo's students and other scientists, repeated improvement on this basis, such as the glass tube upside down, the liquid in the pipe, the glass tube closed. The more prominent is the French Blio in the thermometer manufactured in 1659, he put the glass bubble volume is reduced, and the temperature of material instead of mercury, this thermometer has the embryonic form of thermometer now. After the Dutch Fahrenheit in 1709 the use of alcohol, in 1714 and again by using mercury as a measurement of material, made more accurate thermomete