negro词源是什么,为什么把非洲人叫做negro,就是英国人为什么用negro表示黑色

地球科学 geoscience

ersatz 是舶来词,来自德语 ersatz
单词第一次出现于 德国叫 Ersatz 的军队储备单位部队,后来的意思 （“更换”,“替代”,“山寨品”）由此而来.
词源 ersetzen （替代） 来自古德语 irsezzen ,设置,布置.

若干
①鲜卑族复姓.少见,少记载.
宋·周密·《齐东野语·十三》：“后周有若干凤及右将军若干惠.若音人者反.”
②约数.
《墨子·天志中》：“吾攻国覆军杀将若干人矣.”

etc.

impecunious (adj.)
"lacking in money," 1590s, from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + Latin pecuniosus "rich," from pecunia "money, property" (see pecuniary). Related: Impecuniously; impecuniosity.
没有钱的(形容词)
意思是“缺钱”,起源于1590s,词缀来源于in- “不是,相反”.
至于im-和in-的关系主要是由于发音同化造成的.
pecunious是以p为首字母的形容词,意思是''有钱的''.
来源为拉丁语pecuniosus pecunia“富裕,”“金钱,财产”.
相关词汇:Impecuniously,impecuniosity身无分文.
符合第二条：作为否定词缀"im-"通常只放在以"m, p"为首字母的形容词前.
可参考：关于im-/in-的否定含义：
1. 作为否定词缀"in-"通常放在以"a, c, d, e, f, i, n, o, p, s, t, v"为首字母的形容词前,例如:
articulate →inarticulate(不善于表达的)
considerate →inconsiderate(不体谅别人的)
credible →incredible(难以置信的)
discreet →indiscreet(不慎重的)
exact →inexact(不准确的)
frequent →infrequent(不常发生的)
2. 作为否定词缀"im-"通常只放在以"m, p"为首字母的形容词前,例如:
mature →immature(不成熟的)
measurable →immeasurable(不可估量的)
partial →impartial(不偏不倚的)
patient →impatient(不耐烦的)

是正比例关系。

查了古英语里,人称疑问代词（单数形式）的主格,阳性阴性都写作hwā（中性的那个hwæt与本题无关）.hwā这个玩意,它的宾格（做直宾用的）是hwone,与格（做间宾用的）拼成hwǽm或hwām.于是现代英语中的who和whom就是顺理成章的事了.古英语的þes（this的主格）跟sē（that的主格）也是宾格以-n为尾音,与格以-m为尾音.更多的我也不知道了.

从prior（先于……之前）到priority（首要目标）再到其动词prioritize

交通工具类： bus, car, boat, ship, taxi, plane, train, streamer, jeep, motorcar, bicycle, run car, airplane
国家类：China, America, Egypt, Brazil, South Korea, North Korea, Poland, New Zealand, Japan, France, England, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Holland, Vietnam, India, Italy, Greece, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, Norway, Spain, German, Switzerland, Thailand, Greece, South Africa
身体部位：head, foot, leg, tooth, hand, ear, eye, nose, mouth, face, arm, back, neck, stomach, throat, heart, knee, finger, toe, body, hair, beard, elbow,
服饰类：scarf, belt, sneakers, wallet, earring, hat, jeans, watch, straw hat, ring, skate shoes, backpack, tie, bag, pants, socks, dress, coat, shirt, T-shirt, skirt, shorts, sweater, shoes, uniform, jacket, earring, hair clip,
场所类：club, restaurant, store, supermarket, museum, school, library, hotel, auditorium, pool, post office, bank, park, zoo, market, garden, hospital, TV Station, Police station, beach, cinema, church, factory, farm, shop, theater, aquarium, college, dining room, barber shop, gymnasium, gallery, drugstore, laboratory, mall, plaza, store, video arcade,
颜色类: red, black, green, white, yellow, orange, brown, grey, pink, blond, blue, purple,
学习用品类：pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, paper, pencil-box, ink, notebook, dictionary, sharpener, schoolbag, backpack, textbook, flashcard
动物类：sheep, horse, monkey, dolphin, panda, tiger, fox, snake, rabbit, lion, shark, goat, dog, cock, hen, chicken, duck, elephant, camel, bird, wolf, polar bear, giraffe, koala, penguin, camel, seal, rabbit, octopus, kangaroo, parrot, turtle, ant, mouse, spider, hamster, manatee, goldfish, chimpanzee, cheetah,
时 间 ： January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December,
spring, summer, autumn, winter
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
Morning, afternoon, noon, evening, night, second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, Century
职 业：doctor, nurse, vet, policeman, policewoman, engineer, worker, farmer, reporter, teacher, inventor, scientist, driver, headmaster, player, singer, dancer, actor, actress, guide, waiter, waitress, assistant, boss, businessman, psychologist, author, writer, photographer, musician, guide, violinist, pianist, coach, clerk, sales assistant, cook, dentist, director, optometrist, translator, vegetarian, sportspeople, head teacher, master, pilot, chef, fisherman, lawyer, sailor, tutor, collector,
球 类： basketball, volleyball, football, soccer, ping-pong, tennis, baseball, badminton, ice hockey, golf,
蔬菜类：carrot, tomato, cabbage, onion, potato, green pepper, mushroom, broccoli, pumpkin, lettuce,
水果类：apple, orange, banana, pear, peach, pumpkin, melon, grape, lemon, watermelon, strawberry, lychee, papaya, mango, olive, plum, peach, loquat, apricot, cherry,
食物类：beef, noodle, dumpling, rice, chip, bread, sandwich, wheat, egg, Salad, hamburger, French fries, , porridge, cheese, hot dog, biscuit, green pepper, pancake, chip, fish, chicken, meat, tofu, pizza, candy, gum, barbecued meat, popcorn, brown bread, chocolate, shrimp, dessert,
乐 器: guitar, piano, drum, trumpet, violin, accordion, erhu,
电 器: telephone, phone, computer, television, radio, fridge, refrigerator oven, microwave oven, blender, air conditioner, typewriter, recorder, lamp,
天 气: fine, rainy, cloudy, windy, stormy, foggy, sunny, snowy, cold, cool, hot, warm, humid,
学 科：Chinese, math, English, P.E, music, history, Physics, biology, geography, chemistry, politics, computer, science, art, algebra,
家族谱：grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, uncle, aunt, sister, brother, son, daughter, cousin, husband, wife, parent,
厨具：bowl, plate, table, dish, spoon, chopsticks, cupboard, fork, knife,
人物性格：funny, smart, cute, intelligent, friendly, shy, lazy, serious, unfriendly, quiet, easygoing, outgoing, generous, moody, lovely, lively, talented, upset, nervous, loving, unusual, creative, hard-working, warm-hearted, gentle, polite, confident, energetic, realistic, anxious, brave,
饮料: soda, coffee, milk, water, pop, beer, lemonade, juice, orange, iced tea, beverage, cola,
音乐：jazz, dance music, country music, classical music, national music, pop music

mid- [构词成分]表示“中”；“中部”:midbrain,midday
teens 青少年时期
mid-teens 中青年
He is in his middle teens．
她今年二十八、九岁

烷烃,链烷.Cn C2n+2 源于：alkyl and methanes 如甲烷CH4,乙烷C2H6……

Yale University -- one of the nation's most exclusive schools and the alma mater of US President George W.Bush -- said on Wednesday it will offer digital videos of some courses on the Internet for free,along with transcripts in several languages,in an effort to make the elite private school more accessible.
美国耶鲁是常春藤联合会名牌大学之一,相信大家都晓得.同时,它也是美国总统的摇篮,自1988年起,三位美国总统——老布什、克林顿与小布什——都是耶鲁的毕业生.近日,耶鲁宣布,将在互联网上免费提供一些课程的数字视频,以便让更多人享受这所精英大学所提供的服务.
报道中的alma mater就是我们常说的“母校”.
Alma mater是个拉丁词,原指“kind mother”（慈母） ,现常用来形容“母校”或“高校的校歌”.

好书很多,比如摩西网站出的摩西英语很贴近生活,结合生活实例讲单词词根词源.下面一些经典的：李习武的《英语词根与单词的说文解字》《英语词缀与英语派生词》蒋争的《英语词汇的奥秘》Merriam-Webster
的Merriam-webster's Vocabulary Builder 和The Merriam-Webster Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms Eric Partridge
的Origins 足够用了

没有拼错.两种都可以.我有词源电子字典,可以批量给你查出来,晚上帮你查.你是在研究词源吗?

"the beaten dog in a fight," 1887,from under + dog.Cf.top dog "dominant person in a situation or hierarchy."

-et作为名词后缀可能具有多种意义：小、集合
snippet应该来源自 snip(剪下的小碎片) 1664年首次使用

很齐全：朗文.

记忆方法：
1.本来就很短 可以直接记忆 单词的意思可以根据例句来记忆
这么短的单词 词根词源追究起来没有意义啊
一般比较复杂的单词可以根据 词根来记
词源学是大学英文专业大二大三的一门课程 除了研究语言学 实际中没有很广泛的实用价值

6、作出实质定义的最常用的方法是（D）
A、说明词义 B、说明词源 C、 规定词语的意义 D、属加种差的方法
7、对性质判断进行分类,其划分的标准是（B）
A、语句形式不同 B、思维内容不同 C、逻辑变项不同 D、逻辑常项不同
8、全称否定判断的逻辑形式是（B）
A、所有S是P B、所有S不是P C、有S是P D、有S不是P
9、“人固有一死”这一语句所表达的判断属于（A）
A、全称肯定判断 B、全称否定判断 C、特称肯定判断 D、特称否定判断
10、“某班有同学参加了昨天的劳动”,这一语句的内容可以理解为（C）
A、某班仅仅有部分同学参加了昨天的劳动 B、某班所有同学都参加了昨天的劳动
C、某班至少有一个同学参加了昨天的劳动 D、某班有的同学没有参加了昨天的劳动
11、主项周延,谓项不周延的性质判断是（A）
A、SAP B、SEP C、SIP D、SOP
12、主项不周延,谓项不周延的性质判断是（C）
A、SAP B、SEP C、SIP D、SOP
13、主项周延,谓项周延的性质判断是（B）
A、SAP B、SEP C、SIP D、SOP
14、主项不周延,谓项周延的性质判断是（D）
A、SAP B、SEP C、SIP D、SOP
15、当SEP为真时,S、P的外延关系是（D）
A、真包含关系 B、真包含于关系 C、交叉关系 D、全异关系
16、根据性质判断中的对当关系,又SAP真,可以推出（D）
A、SEP真 SIP假SOP真 B、SEP真假不定 SIP假 SOP真
C、SEP真 SIP真假不定 SOP真 D、 SEP假 SIP真 SOP假
17、如果aRb真,并且bRc真时,则aRc必假,那么,“R”表示（B）
A、传递关系 B、反传递关系 C、非传递关系 D、对称关系

这个嘛 你要想知道的很清楚的话 你要乘飞机到美国或英国问问他们的老老老祖先

这是希腊字根.「hypo-」是「在……之下」；「khondros」是「软骨」,在此应是胸口的「软肋」之意.因此「hypokhondros」,或可理解为「上腹部」,也就是介於胸腹之间位置的意思.
欧洲古代医学,认为影响人的精神是在上腹部的位置,因此像 Melancholy（黑胆汁）就是「忧郁」之意.而对於找不出任何生理病症却依然怀疑且感到自己身体有问题的,就被描述为「上腹部器官不协调」,即「Hypochondriac」.

（1）Middle English
中古英语
（2）from Old French
源自 古法语
（3）from Latin orilis}
源自 拉丁语 orilis}
（4）from origin- [source]
源自 origin- [根源]

其实英语单词来源很广泛,其中有不少的部分来自其他国家文化的词集,其实,许多英语词语其实就源于汉语.除人们熟知的“孔子（Confucious）”、“中国功夫（kungfu）”、“麻将（mahjong）”、“豆腐（tofu）”等等.
其实这个都没有绝对的,就拿法语来说,以下来自百度回答：
英语的每个发展阶段和每次大规模变化都离不开英语历史中的民族迁徙和民族征服.而法语进入英语便是荣大名鼎鼎的诺曼底征服开始.当威廉一世William the Conqueror在英国建立王朝,大量法语词汇进入英语.据不同统计,源于法语的词汇在英语中约占三分之一至三分之二.而由于当时使用法语的多是英国贵族,使用英语的一般为下层劳动人民.如肉类的表示方法：
猪-pig
牛-ox
羊-sheep
猪肉-pork 源自法语中的 porc
牛肉-beef 源自法语中的 boeuf
羊肉-mutton 源自法语中的 mouton
小牛肉-veal 源自法语中的 veau
因为当时宰杀动物的多为下层人民,使用的自然是英语.
食用菜肴的为贵族,使用的自然是与法语相似的名词.
辨认法
以下词根多源于法语
-tion portion,section
-ty university,源于法语的université
-able/idle capable,impossible,terrible
-ous delicious,precious,fabulous
-ate tolerate.Create,enumerate
-ize/ise 源自法语中的-iser,realize,privatize,modernize
影响领域
法语借词涉及各个领域、各种活动,法语对英语影响的深度和广度可见一斑.尤其在以下这些方面,影响很大---
政府：government,authority,sovereign,parliament,treaty,alliance,mayor,etc．
宗教：clergy,cardinal,parson,vicar,communion,faith,etc．
法律：bar,judge,suit,jury,evidence,defendant,verdict,etc．
陆、海军：army,battle,spy,enemy,captain,archer,etc．
有关文明生活及服饰的词：fashion,dress,habit,robe,lace,etc．
珠宝首饰：ornament,jewel,ruby,pearl,diamond,etc．
饮食：dinner,supper,feast,mess,beef,veal,mutton,pork,etc．
及相应的动词：boil,fry,roast,stew,etc．
家庭生活：curtain,chair,cushion,blanket,towel,closet,etc．
打猎：kennel,falcon,chase,warren,covert,quail,etc．
艺术与科学：art,painting,sculpture,cathedral,mansion,etc．
医药：medicine,physician,surgeon,plague,pain,remedy,etc．
与法语发音一样的词：
cliché
【解释】n.陈腔滥调,铅版；a.陈腐的
fiance,fiancee
【法语写法】fiancé,fiancée
【解释】未婚夫,未婚妻
naive
【法语写法】naïf,ve
【解释】天真的voila
【法语写法】voilà
【解释】[法]那就是,瞧(表示事情成功或满意之感叹词用语)
chic
【解释】n.别致的款式；a.别致的
【解释】她看上去漂亮、雅致.
Bon voyage
【解释】[法]再见,一路顺风[平安]
【英语说法】Have a nice trip!Have a good journey!
Bon appetit
【法语写法】Bon appétit
【解释】[法](望你)有好的食欲
haute couture
【解释】高级女式时装
cafe au lait
【法语写法】café au lait
【解释】[法] 牛奶咖啡,浅褐色
avant-garde
【解释】[法]先锋派(艺术流派之一)；前卫的
mode
【解释】风气,时尚
【解释】adj.流行的,时髦的,加冰淇淋的

声符在汉字中同样具有表意作用.声符之于形符,犹如指事字中指事符号之于其所指的独体象形字(如“末“的上一横之于木),都是用来区别字义的符号.事实上,从汉字系统的角度来说,声符区别意义的说法应该是不容置疑的.
古汉语中有声训,或称音训,可以考查古音,取其因声求义的办法以探求语源.
主要作用是：1）追溯语源,2）探求本字,3）说明词的通转.
故我认为据声可以探求词的词源义.

adult成年人.
children 儿童.

这个的话 要标准英式英语可以查看 牛津词典
美式的 看韦氏英语词典 这两个是比较公认的准确的
然后查找这个单词 下面会有些意思
但是你要准确的知道引申义之类的 必须要多接触英语的语境 要用才会知道了

Origin of DISCRIMINATE
Latin discriminatus,past participle of discriminare,from discrimin-,discrimen distinction,from discernere to distinguish between — more at discern
First Known Use:1628
Origin of DISCREPANCY
(see discrepant)
First Known Use:circa 1623
Origin of DISCREPANT
Middle English discrepaunt,from Latin discrepant-,discrepans,present participle of discrepare to sound discordantly,from dis- + crepare to rattle,creak — more at raven
First Known Use:15th century
dis-crimin-ate
dis- 否定前缀,crimin来自crime犯罪,ate形容词后缀.
dis-crepancy
dis-否定前缀 crepan来自crepare、creak,cy名词后缀.
参考资料：

现在有讲词根的,词源是语言学的概念,应该比较少吧,词根也很实用的,刘毅的就有好多,但时不是词典,是很厚的书,

词根为masqu 即 mask 面具
ade 是表名词的后缀

eason
的直接词源是 法语 raison ,和英语 reason 有相同意思,
（约公元1200年被加入英语词汇）
而 raison 本身则来自拉丁语
ratio 想,理解,动机,原因
ratus,reri 想,思考,计算

方法错了!
学英文要达到的境界是全英,不是半英.道理就是只有用英文理解英文才到位.比如中文,外国人学,只有达到直接用中文理解中文才叫做学会中文.学会英文也是同理.看不懂不到那个级别,要提级,不是缩水!
不信就算了.

aphasia.失语症
*a

forgive[英][fəˈɡiv] [美][fɚˈɡɪv,fɔr-]
vt.& vi.原谅； 饶恕； 对不起；请原谅vt.免除
forget[英][fəˈɡet] [美][fɚˈɡɛt,fɔr-]
vt.忘记,忘却；忽略,疏忽；遗落；忘掉vi.忘记；忽视
它们是两个不同的单词,只是读音有些相似
希望对你有所帮助☺
【英语翻译团】

来自于拉丁文amalgam
表示alloy mercury
即把汞混在一起
大概alg是alloy的变体
a+m=mercury

Merriam-Webster
的Merriam-webster's Vocabulary Builder 和The Merriam-Webster Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms Eric Partridge
的Origins经典中的经典

eigen-

前缀 pref.
1.【数】【物】表示"本征","特征","固有"

galore 嘉华,丰富,一应俱全
来自爱尔兰（盖尔）语 go leór 和 gu leóir
go 和 gu 是前缀,有 ”使”,“成为” 之意
go leór 和 gu leóir 意思是 make sufficient （使足够,完全化）

concierge 是舶来词,来自法语,因此可以用美式或法式发音：
美 /ˌkɒnsiˈɛərʒ; 法 /kɔ̃ˈsyɛrʒ/
法语意思是 管理员,看门人,门房 (caretaker, doorkeeper, porter)
法语单词本身或来自拉丁语的贬词 conservus （未证实）,这是古时候对奴隶的称呼,略有小伙子之意.

demure (adj.)
late 14c.(early 14c.as a surname),from Old French meur "mature,fully grown,ripe," from Latin maturus "mature" (see mature (v.)) [OED].The de- in this word is of uncertain meaning.Or possibly from Anglo-French demuré (Old French demoré),past participle of demorer "stay," .
端庄的；娴静的；严肃的；假装正直的（形容词）
出现于14世纪晚期.(14世纪早期用作姓氏),源自古法语meur”成熟,长大,成熟”,拉丁语的maturus“成熟”(见mature(v))(牛津英语词典》).de-这一前缀在这个词中表示不确定的意义.可能是从诺曼时代英国所用的法语demuré (古法语demoré)演化而来,或过去分词的demorer“留下来”演化而来.
话说词根词源都需要中文翻译嘛亲?还是下次只需要英文版的就ok了?

单词relapse词根词缀分词根laps:slip,滑,滑走relapse (v.) early 15c., "renounce;" 1560s, "fall into a former state," from Latin relapsus, past participle of relabi "slip back, slide back, sink back," from re- "back" (see re-) + labi "to slip" (see lapse (n.)). Related: Relapsed; relapsing.relapse (n.) mid-15c., from relapse (v.).

cohercen,from Middle French cohercer,from Latin coercere "to control,restrain,shut up together," from com-"together" (see co-) + arcere "to enclose,confine,contain,ward off," from PIE *ark- "to hold,contain,guard" (see arcane).Related:Coerced; coercing.No record of the word between late 15c.and mid-17c.; its reappearance 1650s is perhaps a back-formation from coercion.
coercive (adj.)
c.1600,from coerce + -ive.Form coercitive (attested from 1630s) is more true to Latin.

我给你在牛津高阶里查到的
c.1250, from Anglo-Fr. memorie, from L. memoria, from memor "mindful, remembering," from PIE base *men-/*mon- "think." Computer sense is from 1946.
"I am grown old and my memory is not as active as it used to be. When I was younger I could remember anything, whether it had happened or not; but my faculties are decaying now and soon I shall be so I cannot remember any but the things that never happened. It is sad to go to pieces like this, but we all have to do it." [Mark Twain]
Memorize is 1591 in sense of "commit to writing," the mental meaning is from 1838.

dam
dam
[dæm; dæm]
可数名词
水坝,堰
the Hoover
胡佛水坝
及物动词
(dammed; dam.ming)
1 建水坝于…
2 a.建水坝 [筑堤] 防
b.(以不正常的方式) 抑制,堵住
up one's anger [grief]
抑制愤怒[悲伤]
dam
[dæm; dæm]
可数名词
(尤指家畜的) 母兽
(cf.sire)
Dargan 达根 is not a popular first name for men but a very popular surname or last name for all people

谁说habit和have有关了.词源拉丁文habitus,也是习惯,习俗的意思.
使用就是比如说你习惯睡觉前喝牛奶,I have a habit of drinking milk before going to bed,你有坏习惯,I have a bad habit.

Fledgling 是
Fledge 和-ling 的组合词,
单词的这个形式首次出现于19 世纪初,
fledge 的古英语意思是（形容词） “有羽毛的” ,
其词源是公元1350–1400 古英语单词 Flegge
（也有-flecge,和-flycge 的写法）
意为 正在长羽毛（比如,为飞翔做准备的小鸟）.
-ling 是英语后缀,表示“小”（比如duckling 小鸭,seedling 幼苗）
因此 fledgling 的意思是 羽翼未丰的,初出茅庐的,新兴的
而 full-fledged,fully fledged 则意为 羽翼丰满的,老练的,成熟的
另外,古德语有单词 flucki ,会飞的

现在这两个词都有点串用了,所以我只能用一般的情况来解释.


Cart 是木制的,轮子较大,有2、3 或 4轮,可以手拉、推或 动物拖动,如马、驴之类的.有个例外就是超市里用的推车,原本该叫shopping trolley,但美国人已习惯称之为 shopping cart.


Trolley 是金属制,轮子小,最少有4轮；可以手推或电动.原本的 trolley 是指在铁轨上运行的电车,（如大连市里的电车,英国人称为 Tram）; 但现在的空中吊车,餐厅里用的小推车,医院里的担架车都叫作 trolley.

G 表示希腊语,说明这个词来自希腊语
O 表示 old,古代的
F 表示法语,说明这个词来自法语
estachier = attache

The word "advertising" is a loan word,its etymology from Latin advertere,meaning "arouse the public attention to something",after the evolution of "advertising" (Advertise) in English,contains a "notice","induction","disclosure" means.Until the 17th century,the early 18th century,Britain began to large-scale commercial activities,widespread use of the word "advertising".Like the one at this time,Advertising does not refer to a single,but a series of Advertising campaigns,evolve by the stillness of the advertisement Advertise for Advertising campaign Advertising,this is the meaning of modern Advertising.In Chinese,"advertising" "wide" is "rich","general","to" namely "tell".Advertising is advertising,that is,ads tell the public about something.At home and abroad for the definition of "advertising" is very much,is still not a unified,accepted.The association of American sales of advertising is defined as "the characteristics of advertisers,in the form of a certain price for ideas,goods or services between the personal introduction and promotion." For the definition of the American association of advertising in advertising:advertising is paid mass media,the ultimate goal is to transfer information,change people's attitude toward advertising goods cause its action and make the advertisers benefit.The advertising at the university of Illinois Watson.Professor dunn in his masterpiece "advertising and commercial" put forward:"advertising is by enterprises,non-profit organizations or advertising content has a certain relationship of people to pay,they impersonal publicity through various media,want to notice or persuade a part of the crowd." The concise British encyclopedia "on the definition of advertising is:advertising is a way of passing information,the purpose is to sell goods,services,influence public opinion,gain political support,to promote a business,or cause other published readers want to reflect.Our country as the example defines advertising as:advertising is introduced to the public goods,service content and cultural programs,such as a way of publicity.