古英语是一种什么样的语言

thou 是人称代词,表示你,you, 用古文来说就是汝,例如
Who are thou? 汝何人也?就等于说 Who are you?
thee 则是thou的宾格.例如,The god bless thee and keep thee.(上帝祝福你,保佑你)
一般在古文或者写诗的时候常用到这两个词.

术语上,这都早期现代英语,连中古英语都不是,更不是古英语~
e'er=ever 类似还有e'en=even o'er=over
古英语是 æfre
'slife太诡异,不知道
'fore=before 类似还有'neath=beneath
古英语是 beforan
nay就是nay啊,现在还在书面用啊.可以理解成“不”,“非也”之类的.这据说来Old Norse:nei.

笼统地将过去的英语成为古英语是不好的习惯哦
如果是填空题这里肯定填 love了
但是I love thee只能称为中古英语或早期现代英语
一般把英语的历史分为三个时期：古英语,中古英语,现代英语
古英语时期
公元410年,罗马人结束了对英国的占领,随后,来自德国北部平原的日耳曼部落：昂格鲁人（Angles),撒克逊人,开始到不列颠定居．古英语就是盎格鲁＿撒克逊的人的语言．
这个时期英国人会说 ic lufie þe 或 ic lufie þec
ic 我 读音为 /it∫/与德语的ich同源
lufie 爱 读音为 /luvie/
þe 你 读音为 /θe:/(þ在中古英语中被th取代
自1066年英国开始被法国人统治,盎格鲁＿撒克逊语受到法语,即拉丁语的巨大影响
中古英语
中古英语是指1150年到1500年间所使用的英语.这个时期的英语和古英语相比,在读音和拼写,词汇和语法方面都产生了较大的变化.一大部分古英语词汇被淘汰,转而吸收了很多法语和拉丁语的词汇.越来越接近现代英语（至少能看懂了
这时就可以用
I love thee了

在网上随便找了两句圣经里的句子,都用right,跟现在一样:
Thine hand shall find out all thine enemies:thy right hand shall find out those that hate thee.
Let thine eyes look right on,and let thine eyelids look straight before thee.

"Baio Wulf" is the Anglo Saxon period a heroic poem,the highest achievements of ancient literature in English,also marks the beginning of English literature.The first part of the epic tells the young ...

卢恩字母 þ (thorn) 後来被拉丁字母 th 取代
þē / þec 後来变成中古英语的 thee
心痛 heartache
出自中古英语 *hertache,出自古英语 *heortæċe,heortece (“heartache”),相当於 heart +‎ ache.
(有 * 在前的是未确定)

早期现代英语
你
主格 thou 宾格 thee 属格 thine / thy
你们
主格 ye 宾格 you 属格 your
古英语
你
主格 þu 宾格 þe 属格 þin 与格 þe
你们俩
主格 git 宾格 incit 属格 incer 与格 inc
你们[两个以上
主格 ge 宾格 eow 属格 eower 与格 eow
þu git ge才叫古英语
你写那些只是古色古香的早期英语

16世纪的英语严格来说叫早期现代英语,所谓古英语在学术上应该是十一?还是十二来着?世纪以前的英语,然后是中古英语、早期英语
lasteth是last的第三人称单数而已,eth即现在的-s,是现在时.随便找本词典就能查到,发音就是th嘛,清音,即thin中的th,不是that中的th.
另外还有第二人称单数thou lovest me,你爱我,thou是个较古老的你,宾格thee,复数ye,复数宾格才是you
还有些不规则的例子
hath=has
hast=have（只用于第二人称单数）
shalt=shall （只用于第二人称单数）
甚至过去时态要加上：thou dost,thou didst
古英语的话,基本是看不懂的,没有所必要研究了,不过还是送楼主几句咯
ic lufie þe 我爱你 ic我 lufie爱 þe你（即后来的thee）
we lufiaþ þe 我们爱你
þu lufast me 你爱我 þu你（后来的thu然后成为thou）
ge lufiaþ me 你们爱我 ge你们（即后来的ye）
þ也可以用ð代替,这两个字母在古英语中可以互换

这句话如果写成真正意义上的古英语或者说盎格鲁萨克森语的话恐怕是
Seo woruld is on þam wifmenn gelangu
我猜你指的是莎士比亚风格的第三人称单数吧?
那么把belongs转变成belongeth.莎翁算不得古英语,连中古英语都谈不上,只能算早期现代英语.
这里有份古英语-现代英语词典可供参考
http://home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm

借给你这个看看：

字母排在字母表的

(1)
Middle English chois
中古英语 chois
(2)
from Old French
源自 古法语
(3)
from choisir [to choose]
源自 choisir [选择]
(4)
from Vulgar Latin *causoe
源自 俗拉丁语 *causoe
(5)
[of Germanic origin] * see geus-
[源自日耳曼语的] *参见 geus-
看看有没有你需要的

thee现在是you的意思,泰戈尔的飞鸟集里看到的

笼统地将过去的英语成为古英语是不好的习惯哦
如果是填空题这里肯定填 love了
但是I love thee只能称为中古英语或早期现代英语
一般把英语的历史分为三个时期：古英语,中古英语,现代英语
古英语时期
公元410年,罗马人结束了对英国的占领,随后,来自德国北部平原的日耳曼部落：昂格鲁人（Angles),撒克逊人,开始到不列颠定居．古英语就是盎格鲁＿撒克逊的人的语言．
这个时期英国人会说 ic lufie þe 或 ic lufie þec
ic 我 读音为 /it∫/与德语的ich同源
lufie 爱 读音为 /luvie/
þe 你 读音为 /θe:/(þ在中古英语中被th取代
自1066年英国开始被法国人统治,盎格鲁＿撒克逊语受到法语,即拉丁语的巨大影响
中古英语
中古英语是指1150年到1500年间所使用的英语.这个时期的英语和古英语相比,在读音和拼写,词汇和语法方面都产生了较大的变化.一大部分古英语词汇被淘汰,转而吸收了很多法语和拉丁语的词汇.越来越接近现代英语（至少能看懂了
这时就可以用
I love thee了

我确定,就是my
my的古语就是my

古英语是指从450年到1150年间的英语.中古英语是指1150年到1500年间所使用的英语.之后的英语就是现代英语了.
莎士比亚时代的英语不是古英语,而是早期现代英语.
这种英语与现代英语的主要区别在于单词和语序.以you为例,早期现代英语thou是第二人称单数主格,相当于现在的you.thy和thine是thou的所有格,相当于yours.早期现代英语在语序上也不同于现代英语.比如,现在的I hit him在那个时候就会被说成Him I hit；my love shall render him what is mine 就会被说成what is mine my love shall render him.

“古英语词典”,建议来这里可以查一下：http://home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm
网友打开有点慢.

相当于现在的baptized
给人施洗礼; 命名; 洗炼; 行浸礼
至于什么是浸礼么,基督教受洗而把人身浸入水中的一种仪式,据说能洗去罪恶,获得新生.

Old English refers to the English from 450 to 1150.It's quite different from modern English in pronunciation,spelling,vocabulary and grammar.The grammar of Old English is quite similar with German,since thier morphological variations are both very complicated.
In AD410 ,the Romans ended their occupation to UK.After that,three Germanic tribes ,which were from the North German plain :the people,Saxons,and JUtes began to settle in Britain.English is the language of Anglo-Saxon.
Generally,linguists ,who are specialized in the history of language ,divide the history of English into three periods:Old English,Middle English,and modern English.

（1）诺森伯里亚方言——洪伯河（the Humber）以北的方言；
（2）梅尔西亚方言——界乎洪伯河与泰晤士河之间的英国中部地区的方言；
（3）肯特（Kentish）方言——居住在英国东南部地区的朱待人的方言；
（4）西撤克逊方言——泰晤士河以南的方言.诺森伯里亚和悔尔西亚这两种方言又合称盎格里亚方言,即盎格鲁人居住地区的方言.

Rh,Kh中的h都不发音,如rhythm [ˈriðəm]

首先,解释以下几个古英语（诗歌）的词汇
thou 你
thee你
quoth 他
wouldst （古诗歌）will的第二人称单数
stare n.清楚得；v.凝视
翻译：
“你是谁,”他说,看似你将找到那野兔（意为目标,目的）；我看你却永远地凝视于地上.

1,She want to leave,but she can not move a little bit by afraid.2,This tall man can not see any where.

Do something that makes you happy.?

这是拉丁语 意思是 :保证成功 victoriae在拉丁语中就是成功的意思 我们今天的V字手势就是由这个词发源而来的.
拉丁语原本是意大利中部拉提姆地区（Latium,意大利语为Lazio）的方言,后来则因为发源于此地的罗马帝国势力扩张而将拉丁语广泛流传于帝国境内,并定拉丁文为官方语言.而基督教普遍流传于欧洲后,拉丁语更加深其影响力,从欧洲中世纪至20世纪初叶的罗马天主教为公用语,学术上论文也大多数由拉丁语写成.现在虽然只有梵蒂冈尚在使用拉丁语,但是一些学术的词汇或文章例如生物分类法的命名规则等尚使用拉丁语.

古英语含义
古英语（Old English或Anglo-Saxon）是指从450年到1150年间的英语.古英语和现代英语无论在读音、拼写、词汇和语法上都很不一样.古英语的语法和德语比较相近,形态变化很复杂.
公元410年,罗马人结束了对英国的占领,随后,来自德国北部平原的三个日耳曼部落：昂格鲁人（Angles),撒克逊人,和朱尔特人开始到不列颠定居．英语就是盎格鲁＿撒克逊的人的语言．
语言史家一般把英语的历史分为三个时期：古英语,中英语,现代英语．
古英语的名词有数和格的分别.数分为单数、复数；格分为主格、所有格、与格、宾格.因此一个名词加起来共有8种变化形式.此外,名次还分阳性、中性和阴性.但是比较奇怪的是,这些性的区分并不是以性别来判断的,而且没有性别的事物也未必是中性.例如妇女就是阳性的.
形容词的形态变化分为强、弱两种,它的数和格也共有8种变化.
动词只有现在式和过去式两种时态变化.
古英语文选
节选自《贝奥武夫》,大约900年
Hwæt!We Gardena in geardagum,
þeodcyninga,þrym gefrunon,
hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon.
Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum,
monegum mægþum,meodosetla ofteah,
egsode eorlas.Syððan ærest wearð
feasceaft funden,he þæs frofre gebad,
weox under wolcnum,weorðmyndum þah,
oðþæt him æghwylc þara ymbsittendra
古英语语法：
（1）弱名词：
Weak Masculine Noun cnapa
cnapa Singular Plural
Nominative (se) cnapa (þá) cnapan
Accusative (þone) cnapan (þá) cnapan
Genitive (þæs) cnapan (þára) cnapena
Dative (þæm) cnapan (þæm) cnapum
Weak Feminine Noun sunne
sunne Singular Plural
Nominative (seo) sunne (þá) sunnan
Accusative (þá) sunnan (þá) sunnan
Genitive (þære) sunnan (þára) sunnena
Dative (þære) sunnan (þæm) sunnum
Weak Neuter Noun éage
éage Singular Plural
Nominative (þæt) éage (þá) éagan
Accusative (þæt) éage (þá) éagan
Genitive (þæs) éagan (þára) éagena
Dative (þæm) éagan (þæm) éagum

F：Young son,it is arguably a distempered head that
Bids good morning so soon to your bed.Or if that’s not it,then I guess right,
Our Romeo has not been in bed tonight.
R:That last part is true; my rest was the sweeter.
F:God pardon sin!Were you with Rosaline?
R:With Rosaline,my ghostly father?No!
I have forgotten that name,and that name's pain.
F:That's my good son,but where have you been then?
R:I have been feasting with my enemy;
Where,all of a sudden,one has wounded me That's by me also wounded.Both our remedies Lie within your help and holy physic.
F:Be plain,good son,and homely in your meaning;
Telling the truth in riddles finds forgiveness is in riddles.
R:Then plainly know my heart's dear love is set
On the fair daughter of rich Capulet.We met,wooed,and made exchange of vow,
I'll tell you as we walk; but this I beg,
That you consent to marry us today.
F:Holy Saint Francis!What a change this is!
Is Rosaline,who you did love so dearly,
So soon forsaken?Young men's love,then,lies
Not truly in their hearts,but in their eyes.
R:You often scolded me for loving Rosaline.
F:For doting,not for loving,my pupil.
R:Please don’t scold me.She whom I love now
Has grace for grace and love for love allowed.
The other one didn’t.
F:yes,she knew better,Your love was read by a heart that couldn’t spell.

It is /tis/
在一本书中看到以前的爱尔兰人是这么说的,但是不知道算不算正式.

去新浪共享资料上下载“剑桥英语史”,第一卷讲古英语,拼读方面也讲得很详细.

WHEN YOU ARE OLD 叶慈
WHEN YOU ARE OLD AND GREY AND FULL OF SEELP
AND NOODING BY THE FIRE,TAKE DOWN THIS BOOK
AND SLOWLY READ,AND DREAM KF THE SOFT LOOK
YOUR EYES HAD ONCE, AND OF THEIR SHADOWS DEEP；
HOW MANY LOVED YOUR MONMENTS OF GLAD GRACE,
AND LOVED YOUR BEAUTY WITH LOVE FALSE or TRUE,
BUT ONE MAN LOVED THE PILGRIM SOUL IN YOU,
AND LOVED THE SORROWS OF YOUR CHANGING FACE；
AND BEDING DOWN BESIDE THE GLOWING BARS,
MURMUR,A LITTLE SADLY,HOW LOVE FIED
AND PACED UPON THE MOUNTAINS OVERHEAD
AND HID HIS FACE AMID A CROWD OF STARS.
当你老了
当你老了,白发苍苍,睡意朦胧,
在炉前打盹,请取下这本诗篇,
慢慢吟诵,梦见你当年的双眼
那柔美的光芒与青幽的晕影；
多少人真情假意,爱过你的美丽,
爱过你欢乐而迷人的青春,
唯独一人爱你朝圣者的心,
爱你日益凋谢的脸上的衰戚；
当你佝偻着,在灼热的炉栅边,
你将轻轻诉说,带着一丝伤感：
逝去的爱,如今已步上高山,
在密密星群里埋藏它的赧颜.
--------
Are you the one
Are You The One 你是他吗?
The traveller in time who has come 进入我生命的陌生人
To heal my wounds to lead me to the sun 治愈心伤,播撒阳光
To walk this path with me until the end of time 结伴走在生命的小路上
Are you the one? 你是他吗
Who sparkles in the night like fireflies 萤火虫般留彩的目光
Eternity of evening sky 对视,在永恒的夜空
Facing the morning eye to eye 直至晨曦来将
Are you the one?你是他吗
Who'd share this life with me 与我共度此生
Who'd dive into the sea with me 与我在深海偎依
Are you the one?你是他吗
Who's had enough of pain 受尽创伤
And doesn't wish to feel the shame, anymore 不愿再心伤
Are you the one?你会是他吗
Are you the one?你会是他吗
Who's love is like a flower that needs rain他的爱是雨中的花朵
To wash away the feeling of pain冲去了忧伤
Which sometimes can lead to the chain of fear不再迷茫彷徨
Are you the one?你是他吗
To walk with me in garden of stars起走在群星之下
The universe, the galaxies and Mars火星,银河,宇宙
The supernova of our love is true见证我们爱的迸发
Are you the one?你是他吗
Who'd share this life with me与我共度此生
Who'd dive into the sea with me与我在深海偎依
Are you the one?你是他吗
Who's had enough of pain受尽创伤
And doesn't wish to feel the shame, anymore不愿再心伤
Are you the one?你是他吗
Are you the one?你是他吗
Who'd share this life with me与我共度此生
Who'd dive into the sea with me与我在深海偎依
Are you the one?你是他吗
Who's had enough of pain受尽创伤
And doesn't wish to feel the shame,anymore不愿再心伤
Are you the one?你是他吗
Are you the one?你是他吗
Are you the one?你是他吗
整理自timo tolkki《hymn to life》
-------
泰戈尔的.够经典吧.
The furthest distance in the world
世界上最遥远的距离
Is not between life and death
不是生与死
But when I stand in front of you
而是 我就站在你面前
Yet you don't know that I love you
你却不知道我爱你
The furthest distance in the world
世界上最遥远的距离
Is not when I stand in front of you
不是 我就站在你面前
Yet you can't see my love
你却不知道我爱你
But when undoubtedly knowing the love from both
而是 明明知道彼此相爱
Yet cannot be together
却不能在一起
The furthest distance in the world
世界上最遥远的距离
Is not being apart while being in love
不是 明明知道彼此相爱 却不能在一起
But when painly can not resist the yearning
而是 明明无法抵挡这股思念
Yet prending you have never been in my heart
却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里
The furthest distance in world
世界上最遥远的距离
Is not but using one's different heart
不是 明明无法抵挡这股思念 却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里
To dig an uncrossable river
而是 用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人
For the one who loves you
掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠
----------
1.Sonnets From The Portuguese 43:
How Do I Love Thee?
~ Elizabeth Barrett Browning (英国诗人)
How do I love thee?
Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth
and breadth
and height
My soul can reach,
when feeling out of sight.
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of everyday's
Most quiet need,
by sun and candlelight.
I love thee freely,
as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely,
as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with the passion
put to use In my old griefs,
and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints,
--I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears,
of all my life!
--and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
2.I carry your heart with me---e. e. Cummings 美国诗人,他喜欢不按常理用小写和表点符号)
i carry your heart with me(i carry it in
my heart)i am never without it(anywhere
i go you go,my dear; and whatever is done
by only me is your doing,my darling)
i fear
no fate(for you are my fate,my sweet)i want
no world(for beautiful you are my world,my true)
and it's you are whatever a moon has always meant
and whatever a sun will always sing is you
here is the deepest secret nobody knows
(here is the root of the root and the bud of the bud
and the sky of the sky of a tree called life;which grows
higher than the soul can hope or mind can hide)
and this is the wonder that's keeping the stars apart
i carry your heart(i carry it in my heart)
( 在电影"In Her Shoes",很多人听到朗诵这首诗时,都忍不住哭了.配上音乐朗诵,很美很美的.)

差别太大了吧,那里说得完呢?语音语法词汇.
语音上：
古词nama [nama],现在name [neim]
古词fot [fot],现在foot[fut]
古词hus [hus],现在house[haus]
语法上：
古语名词分阳阴中性.比如scip（今ship）是中性,修饰它的形容词也要用中性形式.
古词的变形也差好远,代词以外的名词都有主格,宾格,与格,属格.
stan 阳性 （今stone）单数主格
复数主格stanas
而scip的复数主格是scipu
而现代英语的复数基本只是加s
今天的动词最多几个变形
write writes wrote written writed writing
而古代动词复杂得多了.
lufian(今 love)
lufie lufast lufiath lufath lufode lufodest lufiende lufa lufien lufodon gelufod
词汇上：
真正英国人本族的词汇（古日耳曼语词汇）被抛弃了太多.如今英语百分之八十以上的词汇来自法语,还有间接或直接来自拉丁语,希腊语.

一样,在‘你的’才有区别,另外第三人称单数是加th,如hath

1 the English and we said today's English is quite different
2.Sometimes makes it difficult to know exactly what the chosen words or phrases
这是一定的,我们不能理解它,如果我们听到它

英语：Rose's smile.
意大利语：Rosa del sorriso.

1.Thou is an old-fashioned,poetic,or religious word for `you' when you are talking to only one person.
2.Thy is an old-fashioned,poetic,or religious word for `your' when you are talking to one person.
3.Thine is an old-fashioned,poetic,or religious word for `yours' when you are talking to only one person.
4.Thee is an old-fashioned,poetic,or religious word for `you' when you are talking to only one person.
5.Ye is an old-fashioned,poetic,or religious word for you when you are talking to more than one person.
Ye is sometimes used in imitation of an old written form of the word `the'.

ure 和 urum 都是 our, 用哪一个就要看被修饰的名词是什么属性.
不如拿主祷文的古英语版来看
'Fæder ure þuþe eart on heofonum
si þin nama gehalgod tobecume þin rice gewurþe þin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofonum
urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us to dæg
and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum
and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþlice.'
因为古英语裏将属格的人称代词 (genitive personal pronoun) 会当成同样是修饰名词的形容词那样处理, 而形容词修饰名词时要跟着该名词的性别,格,数目, 所以用 ure 用 urum 或用其他要查一下被修饰的名词的性别,格,数目. 第一人称和第二人称的属格人称代词跟强的形容词的变格(http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/resources/IOE/infladj.html#adjectives:strong)
Fæder ure fæder是阳性,呼格(跟主格的情况),单数, 所以要用同是阳性,主格,单数的ure
urne gedæghwamlican 这裏的gedæghwamlican是阳性,宾格,单数, 所以要用同是阳性,宾格,单数的urne
ure gyltas gyltas是阳性,主格或宾格(这裏是宾格),众数, 所以要用同是阳性,宾格,众数的ure
urum gyltendum gyltendum是阳性,与格,众数, 所以要用同是阳性,与格,众数的urum

根据正式写的划分,thou,thee,art,wilt,thine都不是古英语,而是早期现代英语遗留下来的一些较古老的形式而已.不知道算不得中古英语.
对应的古英语,也就是盎格鲁撒克逊语词应该是：
þu, þe, eart(不定式wesan), wilt(不定式willan), þin
莎士比亚时期的英语至少看上去已经和现代英语相差无几了.例外如
动词第二人称单数的变位
一般动词都是加-st：
thou didst 你做了
ye did 你们做了
还有些不大规则的词：
thou hast 你有
ye have 你们有
thou art 你是
ye are 你们是
shall>shalt
will>wilt
还有现在时第三人称单数的变位,一般都是加-th或-eth
he hath（现代he has）
he doth（现代he does）
he willeth
he loveth
……
he is自然不算在内
拼写上,比如形容词最高级词尾可能是'st,而不是-est
比如high'st最高的.实际都容易辨认出来.
-----------------------------------
古英语则保留者较多日耳曼特征,和现代德语一样,名词形容词都有还有阴阳中三性,主格、宾格、与格、属格甚至工具格、强弱变化.
动词变化也远比现代英语复杂.
下面给你一个二类弱变化动词的变格吧.以lufian（=现代love）为例
ic lufie 我爱
þu lufast 你爱
he lufaþ 他爱
we lufiaþ 我们爱
ic lufode 我爱过
þu lufodest 你爱过
he lufode 他爱过
we lufodon 我们爱过
等等
……
现在分词
lufiende
过去分词
gelufod
看看古英语的贝奥武夫,自然知道古英语应该是什么样子了
http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=676659953

Old English,or Angle-Saxon,is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written from 450AD to 1100AD.It is a West Germanic language within the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.The languages of Germanic invaders (the Angles,Saxons and Jutes) from the Continental Europe shaped the Old English into being.
Old English differs from Modern English in a number of features:vocabulary,spelling,grammar,and pronunciation.Its grammar is more closely related to the grammar of Germanic languages.Old English is richer in morphological diversity than Modern English.
At the end of Roman rule in 410AD,the Germanic tribes (the Angles,Saxons and Jutes),which were from present-day northern Germany ,began to settle in Britain and their languages later developed into the Old English language.
Linguists often categorize the history of English language into three periods:Old English,Middle English and Modern English.
Old English nouns are declined according to their cases,genders and numbers.There are five major cases (nominative,genitive,dative,accusative and instrumental),three genders (masculine,feminine and neuter),and two numbers (singular and plural).The grammatical gender of a noun does not necessarily correspond to the natural gender of the thing it refers to.For example,"wīf" (woman) is neuter and "wīfman" (woman) is masculine; and nouns that refer to inanimate objects are often masculine or feminine.
Old English nouns are divided as either strong or weak.As in nouns,Old English adjectives can also be declined into strong or weak,the five cases,two numbers and three genders.
There are just two tenses,present and past,in Old English.
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P.S.
- 这不是直译.(抱歉,我译得有点马虎,详情见"喂鸡")
- 英国向世界殖民是16世纪以后的事,当时已经不是用古英语和中古英语的时代.
- instrumental后来融入到dative里,然后消失了.
- 动词说得好像太简化,最麻烦的是动词才对.

第二人称、单数、现在式

Netherlands!
nether 源自古英语形容词 niþera,neoþera.意思就是“低的,下面的”.
Netherlands 因为其海拔低得名罢了.
netherworld 本义“底下/下面的世界”,并非特指地狱.

Cristes Masse