Matrix management(矩阵管理)的含义,作用~

Definition:A style of management where an individual has two reporting superiors (bosses) - one functional and one operational.
This is commonly seen in project management where an engineer,for example,reports to the chief engineer functionally,but reports to the project manager on operational project issues.
Matrix management also is common in branch offices.The accountant in the Tokyo office reports functionally to the Vice President of Accounting in headquarters in London,but reports operationally to the Regional Manager in charge of the Tokyo office.
Generally the functional reporting relationship is stronger,because the functional manager controls the individual's compensation and evaluations.
Another definiton:
Multiple command-and-control structure in which some employees have dual responsibilities and dual bosses.These employee report to one boss (a project manager,for example) for day to day operations,and to another boss (the departmental head,for example) for functional responsibilities.This approach is most suited to situations with fluctuating workloads,such as managing large projects or product development processes.See also matrix organization.