--What do you think of cloning?

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:G
小题4:B
小题5:F


小题1:C 根据下文有多种克隆技术可知C与之相符。
小题2:A 根据下一段内容可知是指那些动物已经被克隆了。
小题3:G 根据后面Since Dolly可知这里是讨论在Dolly被克隆之前的被克隆的动物。
小题4:B 根据下一段内容可知是讨论所运用的克隆的技术。
小题5:F 根据后面的很多动物的克隆都比较困难可知F符合要求。

Society
Increased food security for growing populations
If the low success rates can be improved (Dolly was only one success out of 276 tries),reproductive cloning can be used to develop efficient ways to reliably reproduce animals with special qualities.For example,drug-producing animals or animals that have been genetically altered to serve as models for studying human disease could be mass-produced.
Reproductive cloning also could be used to repopulate endangered animals or animals that are difficult to breed.In 2001,the first clone of an endangered wild animal was born,a wild ox called a gaur.The young gaur died from an infection about 48 hours after its birth.In 2001,scientists in Italy reported the successful cloning of a healthy baby mouflon,an endangered wild sheep.The cloned mouflon is living at a wildlife center in Sardinia.Other endangered species that are potential candidates for cloning include the African bongo antelope,the Sumatran tiger,and the giant panda.Cloning extinct animals presents a much greater challenge to scientists because the egg and the surrogate needed to create the cloned embryo would be of a species different from the clone.
Therapeutic cloning technology may some day be used in humans to produce whole organs from single cells or to produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's.Much work still needs to be done before therapeutic cloning can become a realistic option for the treatment of disorders.

There are two lines of thought in the research of human cloning.The two line of thought are at the extreme ends,you either agreed to proceed with the research and clone human or you totally against the research.
For those who support human cloning,the reason is that we can get more itelligent human to be clonned.More intelligent human means more discoveries and inventions.cloning more hard working worker also get higher productivity.
Other the other hand,the people against cloning are usually from the religious group.They believe cloning is against nature or God's will
I personally support the research in human cloning.I am happy if another Skilldo is being cloned.I can take a 12-hour shift work with the cloned Skilldo to help students in BaiduYixia.Isn't it a good idea?

克隆一直存在,也将继续存在下去.

Nowadays,cloning is a topic which causes intense debates among scientists and ordinary members of the society.Obviously,cloning isn’t a term from the fiction novel any more but a reality we have to meet and react accordingly.
It seems to me that we should stop using cloning any longer because we may suffer emotional risks from cloning.Suppose a child grows up knowing her mother is her sister,her grandmother is her mother,what kind of pressures will he or she feel,knowing they were made as a direct replacement for another?It is a human experiment doomed to failure because the child will not be identical in every way,despite the hopes of the parents.It will place great pressures on the emotional development of the child.
Another element that plays a vital role in against cloning is that it threatens human being’s health.If scientists could transfer human genes into animals and vice-versa,diseases may be transmitted from animals to humans.It can create a worldwide catastrophe that no one would be able to stop.

你对于克隆的态度是什么?

Ethical issues of human cloning
Roman Catholicism and many conservative Christian groups have opposed human cloning and the cloning of human embryos,believing that a human life begins the moment a human egg becomes fertilized.Other Christian denominations such as the United Church of Christ do not believe a fertilized egg constitutes a living being,but still they oppose the cloning of embryonic cells.The World Council of Churches,representing nearly 400 denominations worldwide,opposed cloning of both human embryos and whole humans in February 2006.The United Methodist Church opposed research and reproductive cloning in May 2000 and again in May 2004.
Libertarian views on the subject suggest that the federal government of the United States does not have the power to regulate cloning,as it is not given any such authority by the US constitution.(Similar to abortion rights.)
At present,the main objection to human cloning is that the cloned individual may be biologically damaged,due to the inherent unreliability of its origin researchers currently are unable to safely and reliably clone non-human primates.
However,many believe that as cloning research and methods improve,concerns of safety and reliability will no longer be an issue.However,it must be pointed out that this has yet to occur,and may never occur.Rudolph Jaenisch,a professor at Harvard,has pointed out that we have become more efficient at producing clones which are still defective (Development Dynamics.Volume 235,pages 2460-2469.2006).Other arguments against cloning come from various religious orders (believing cloning violates God's will or the natural order of life),and a general discomfort some have with the idea of meddling with the creation and basic function of life.This unease often manifests itself in contemporary novels,movies,and popular culture,much like numerous other scientific discoveries and inventions before.Various fictional scenarios portray clones being unhappy,soulless,or unable to integrate into society.Furthermore,clones are often depicted not as unique individuals but as spare parts,providing organs for the clone's original (or any non-clone that requires replacement organs).
Needless to say,cloning is a poignant and important topic,reflected by its frequent discussion and debate among politicians,scientists,the media,religions,and the general public.
Cloning extinct and endangered species
Cloning,or more precisely,the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has,for decades,been a dream of some scientists.The possible implications of this were dramatized in the best-selling novel by Michael Crichton and high budget Hollywood thriller Jurassic Park.In real life,one of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the Woolly mammoth,but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful,though a joint Russo-Japanese team is currently working toward this goal.
In 2000,a cow named dendi Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur,an endangered species,but the calf died after two days.In 2003,a banteng was successfully cloned,followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo.These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species.Anticipating this possibility,tissue samples from the last bucardo (Pyrenean Ibex) were frozen immediately after it died.Researchers are also considering cloning endangered species such as the giant panda,ocelot,and cheetah.

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cloning无性繁殖系化
expressing
n.
表达,表情,脸色,声调,腔调,榨出,语法,措辞
n.
[数] 式,表达式,符号

宾语从句,做for的宾语.

这个句子不对呀.
She is looking for the book on cloning.
The book is not in my hand.
一个句子不能有两套动词.
1.可以把两个句子改成并列句,She is looking for the book on cloning,but it isn't in my hand.
1.改成复合从句,The book on cloning 【that she is looking for 】 is not in my hand.定语从句.

翻译为：克隆一直存在,也将继续存在下去.

D

How can cloning technologies be used?
Recombinant DNA technology is important for learning about other related technologies,such as gene therapy,genetic engineering of organisms,and sequencing genomes.Gene therapy can be used to treat certain genetic conditions by introducing virus vectors that carry corrected copies of faulty genes into the cells of a host organism.Genes from different organisms that improve taste and nutritional value or provide resistance to particular types of disease can be used to genetically engineer food crops.
Benefits
Crops
Enhanced taste and quality
Reduced maturation time
Increased nutrients,yields,and stress tolerance
Improved resistance to disease,pests,and herbicides
New products and growing techniques
Animals
Increased resistance,productivity,hardiness,and feed efficiency
Better yields of meat,eggs,and milk
Improved animal health and diagnostic methods
Environment
"Friendly" bioherbicides and bioinsecticides
Conservation of soil,water,and energy
Bioprocessing for forestry products
Better natural waste management
More efficient processing
Society
Increased food security for growing populations
If the low success rates can be improved (Dolly was only one success out of 276 tries),reproductive cloning can be used to develop efficient ways to reliably reproduce animals with special qualities.For example,drug-producing animals or animals that have been genetically altered to serve as models for studying human disease could be mass-produced.
Reproductive cloning also could be used to repopulate endangered animals or animals that are difficult to breed.In 2001,the first clone of an endangered wild animal was born,a wild ox called a gaur.The young gaur died from an infection about 48 hours after its birth.In 2001,scientists in Italy reported the successful cloning of a healthy baby mouflon,an endangered wild sheep.The cloned mouflon is living at a wildlife center in Sardinia.Other endangered species that are potential candidates for cloning include the African bongo antelope,the Sumatran tiger,and the giant panda.Cloning extinct animals presents a much greater challenge to scientists because the egg and the surrogate needed to create the cloned embryo would be of a species different from the clone.
Therapeutic cloning technology may some day be used in humans to produce whole organs from single cells or to produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's.Much work still needs to be done before therapeutic cloning can become a realistic option for the treatment of disorders.

科学家 相信,人类的克隆只是时间的问题

语法上说完全可以.用独立主格做状语替换原来的状语从句.

1-3: CCA

A decade ago,it was unrealistic to clone a human being.But all has changed since a sheep named Dolly,an exact genetic replica of its mother,was born on July 5,1996.People all over the world began to discuss this new technology seriously as the principle of human cloning is the same as that of animal cloning.Fierce debate arose over the pros and cons of trying to clone a human being.
Indeed,every fruit of science has a prospect of wide application.Many problems regarding human reproduction or medicine may be solved with human cloning.How exciting it would be when the life of a patient with a malfunctioning organ could be saved as a suitable replacement could be easily grown in a laboratory.Such transplants would also eliminate the risk of rejection by the body due to an immune reaction as the new organ would be cultivated from a batch of cells from the patients themselves.And what a joyful thing it would be if a copy of a person could be made to overcome infertility.
However,a large number of people including Ian Wilmut,who created Dolly,find human cloning offensive.For one thing,the technology is far from perfect and the incidences of a live and healthy clone are few and far between.Shall we kill off the ones with a deformed body or defective brains?That,I’m afraid,would cause censure from people who hold to their religious beliefs.For another,even if the technology is perfected,who can guarantee no one will misuse it for evil purposes?
I agree that the evil use of human cloning will lead to very dangerous consequences.But I don’t agree with the idea of prohibiting it.Nothing can stop the advancing steps of science.As world history teaches us,if one society rejects a new technology,another society will not.I think there is still a long way to go to judge whether cloning has more advantages than disadvantages or not.

不断发生的

http://www.***.com/cloning/
cloning [ˈklɔniŋ]
克隆的意思

B 争端

克隆有什么好处?
克隆dolly的人说他们并不是要发明一个克隆人类的办法.他们研究的目标是帮助农户.
如果一个农户有只羊能生产丰厚的羊毛,那个农户会想要一只或者更多一摸一样的.如果是一头能产更多奶的牛呢?一样的结果.现在的农户让一公一母拥有同样特性的动物繁殖,希望他们的孩子能保留这些特性.
克隆会让这些步骤跟快,并且更加直接的得到成果.
有些科学家说,这样跟自然理论作对是十分危险的.dolly 实验计划的总负责人承认,如果一只动物有不要的基因,例如一种可怕的病毒,它的所有克隆都会感染

Firstly, I want to explain what is clone. In the dictionary, clone is a group of plants or organisms produced asexually from one ancestor. It can replicate the gene from the best biology. So it brings us its usages. I think clone technology can help man to keep biology from being extinct. Even if there is an only existence of some species, we also can let this species goes on in the world. At the same time, man can get a great much of benefit from it. If somebody lost his arm or leg, we can replicate the new one by him gene. So there is no physical rejection. We will greatly help the disable to improve their life and reduce us cost in health-care.

人类的DNA克隆将不会再受到更多控制.

1.helpful 2.General 3.exactly 4.crazy 5.stupid/silly/foolish

A decade ago,it was unrealistic to clone a human being.But all has changed since a sheep named Dolly,an exact genetic replica of its mother,was born on July 5,1996.People all over the world began to discuss this new technology seriously as the principle of human cloning is the same as that of animal cloning.Fierce debate arose over the pros and cons of trying to clone a human being.
Indeed,every fruit of science has a prospect of wide application.Many problems regarding human reproduction or medicine may be solved with human cloning.How exciting it would be when the life of a patient with a malfunctioning organ could be saved as a suitable replacement could be easily grown in a laboratory.Such transplants would also eliminate the risk of rejection by the body due to an immune reaction as the new organ would be cultivated from a batch of cells from the patients themselves.And what a joyful thing it would be if a copy of a person could be made to overcome infertility.
However,a large number of people including Ian Wilmut,who created Dolly,find human cloning offensive.For one thing,the technology is far from perfect and the incidences of a live and healthy clone are few and far between.Shall we kill off the ones with a deformed body or defective brains?That,I’m afraid,would cause censure from people who hold to their religious beliefs.For another,even if the technology is perfected,who can guarantee no one will misuse it for evil purposes?
I agree that the evil use of human cloning will lead to very dangerous consequences.But I don’t agree with the idea of prohibiting it.Nothing can stop the advancing steps of science.As world history teaches us,if one society rejects a new technology,another society will not.I think there is still a long way to go to judge whether cloning has more advantages than disadvantages or not.

Nowadays,cloning is a topic which causes intense debates among scientists and ordinary members of the society.Obviously,cloning isn’t a term from the fiction novel any more but a reality we have to meet and react accordingly.
It seems to me that we should stop using cloning any longer because we may suffer emotional risks from cloning.Suppose a child grows up knowing her mother is her sister,her grandmother is her mother,what kind of pressures will he or she feel,knowing they were made as a direct replacement for another?It is a human experiment doomed to failure because the child will not be identical in every way,despite the hopes of the parents.It will place great pressures on the emotional development of the child.
Another element that plays a vital role in against cloning is that it threatens human being’s health.If scientists could transfer human genes into animals and vice-versa,diseases may be transmitted from animals to humans.It can create a worldwide catastrophe that no one would be able to stop.

use----used

这篇文章叫Dangerous clones 这是它的听力MP3网址：http://www.***.com.cn/article.shtml?sid=27601 8过没有找到它的题,抱歉撒~

In 1997, a British embryologist declared that his team managed to clone a sheep from a single mammary cell. The Cloned sheep has a wellknown name--Dolly. From then on, the list of cloning spieces is g...

the concept of cloning 直译就是 概念是克隆的 美化一下就是 克隆的概念. clone 的意思就是 克隆.

isn`t just 一起翻译 不只是
句意：他们问是否人类克隆不只是一小步.

回答：
我编写了一个小对话.其中A 是反对克隆生物体的,而B 认为有时有必要克隆部分器官用来拯救生命,后来两人达成一致,就是要科学对该cloning.文中提到了一个克隆动物Dolly多利羊.供参考,希望对你有所帮助.
A:How are you?
B:Fine,thank you.And you?
A:I'm fine,too.Thank you.
B:Now let's talk about "cloning".
A:OK.Personally,I stongly object cloning.
B:How come?
A:Because it is against the natural laws.
B:Yes?
A:You see,cloning is just like copying another animal or person,we are not objects,then how we be copied?It is not moral or legal.
B:But people abroad have already cloned a sheep,Dolly.It was successful.
A:No way.Dolly is already dead and it is reported it suffered from various kinds of diseases.So I think cloning is far from perfect.We can't tell what the result will be.
B:Yeah.But sometimes it is necessary.For example,some people have planned to clone some organs(器官) when a person is seriously ill.It might save a person's life.
A:I agree.So we should treat cloning in a comprehensive way.
B:Yes.It's true.
A:OK.It's a pleasure talking with you.
B:Me too.

Opinion 1.
At this point in time I would tend to be against human cloning,but only because we haven't sufficiently developed the technology yet,and the clone is likely to have a lot of genetic defects (which can lead to genetic diseases and/or other health issues) and shortened telomeres (which would result in premature aging).
However once the technology has matured,I see no reason to prohibit or ban it.A clone would be just like any other human.It would be like having an identical twin,that just happened to be born a few decades after you were.:-) It should be noted that a lot of a person's personality,beliefs,outlook,etc.are the result of the experiences they have and the environment they grow up in.So a clone may be somewhat similar to the original in terms of personality and beliefs,but their unique experiences growing up would ensure that they would differ on a number of traits.Mentally,they would _not_ be identical to the original.Which then begs the question,what would be the purpose in creating a clone of yourself?
There is possibly one use I could think of (besides vanity).And that would be as a source for replacement organs.Obviously for this to be in any way remotely ethical,you'd have to find a way to create the clone without a brain--a body with no trace of personhood.Even then though,by the time we've gotten human cloning down pat,we should also be able to clone (or construct) individual organs.So there's not all that much use for human cloning,aside from maybe research purposes.But again,I don't think that's a reason to ban it.Our lives are full of useless tech,what's a little more?
opinion 2:
IF there were a way to clone people with no negative health effects for either the person OR the clone,and there were a reasonable reason to clone people,and the clones would be treated with the same rights as any human,THEN i would say it would be ok.If a person were correctly cloned then it would safe to assume the brain would be the same,so the clone would have human emotions/thoughts.It would be very impotent that the clone be treated as any human so that no pain would be caused,because they would be aware,Intelligent living people.
opinion 3:
Are you drawing distinction between human Cloning and Genetic engineering?
because Genetic Engineering would allow us to irradiate every type of genetic disease and defect
but for cloning the present time I would say no,currently not enough is understood about genetics to make it safe,but in the future when we completely understand the implications of what we are doing then yes God may have made us all unique but whoever said that was the best way to be?with cloning you could destroy all of humanities bad faults and come up with a completely efficient society,but you would need a higher authority to choose what those required qualities would be and for the first couple of generations that would be a very hard thing to deal with
三个观点可任选一个.

你现在是在使用克隆技术?

你现在还需要么= =|||

I think cloning human being is accepted but not encouraged.For example,we could clone a great scientist to continue his contribution to the world.However,modern technology could not ensure a successful cloning of human beings yet.Maybe in the near future,we could abolish the ban of cloning human beings.

1是的,克隆长期在那附近
2在1976年,苹果计算机公司的两个设计师(jobs 和wozniak)在6502处理器附近设计了苹果计算机公司,是苹果计算机公司的唯一的成套工具计算机
3微型计算机的文本
adventure是冒险的意思,around 在附近~

你说的是不是一篇关于宠物克隆的阅读理解里的句子啊?
（...It’s difficult to deal with.It’s hard to accept.”
But would cloning reduce the blow?This question seems to be at the heart of this problem）
如果是,那这句话的意思就是
“克隆能够降低宠物逝去对主人造成的打击吗”

因为克隆cloning是无性繁殖,只是复制父本或母本的基因链,所以只是双亲之一,不需要用有性繁殖的双亲（parents)),这在汉语中较难表达.
现在一般的single-parent family都表述为单亲家庭,就是这样的例子,还有“亲子 .”也是相似的解决方案

With the rapid development of technology, human cloning will soon bepossible. It is definitely a milestone of human technology and science, but atthe same time, it draws a heated discussion as for whe...

克隆有可能导致人们只保留最佳生存动物.

Did you ever imagine having a child that is the exact replica of you?Did you ever imagine of having the cure for heart disease or cancer?Well,these fantasies are not far from reach.The way we could re...

用PCR法进行基因克隆

翻译：
基因分示法很容易导致克隆出人为痕迹
注释：
differential display 基因分示法,差异显示法,专业术语.
be prone to 易于某事物; 很可能做某事; 有做某事的倾向.
artifact 人为留下的东西,通常是不需要的干扰.

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