A morpheme is the minimal significant____

Well, those are specific terms used in English phonetics and phonology and they can only be understood in English, and English only.morpheme=morph+emeeme=the minimal unit of ...morph= another FORMallo...

1、不是所有单词都有词根.root可以分为free root和bound root.
2、比如 wind his car man这些属于自由词素,这些自由词素也叫自由词根,即free root,也就是没有词根.
3、再说说bound morphemes,分为bound root 和affix两种.affix又分为inflected affix和functional affix,前者添加在词尾,只改变语法功能,如单复数、比较级等,后者组成新词,如un- ,dis- 等前缀.
4、以词根 dict- 为例,严格来说是bound root,因为它不可以单独成词,如dictum dictate diction 单词的词根都是dict,也就是这些词含义的最核心的部分.
5、词缀分前缀和后缀,前缀可以改变词根的含义,后缀改变单词属性
如,happy unhappy happily 但最根本的含义没有改变.

语言中最小的不可再分的意义单位是词素morpheme(又可称为形位、语素等).词素是抽象的,它是通过词素形式morph表现出来的.词素还具有变体形式,在语言学中称为词素变体allomorph.
morph语素形式/词素形式

后缀（指词的）；
茎,或词干；
粘着语素；（就是不能单独存在在一个句子里）
词汇意义；

morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship between expression and content帮忙理解一下这里的the relationship between expression and content
morpheme 语素;词素
morpheme is the smallest unit of language:语素是语言的最小单位
in terms of =根据；用…的话；就…而言；以…为单位
the relationship between expression and contents =措辞与内容之间的关系
就措辞与内容之间的关系而言,语素是语言的最小单位.

是词根(词素）
ion 由动词->名词 educate->education
re-表示重复,例如re-consider
ist表示……家 piano pianist 钢琴->钢琴家
ex-表示 前…… ex-girlfriend 前女友
ic暂时没想到- -
百度百科有关于词根的更详细的介绍,建议你看下,链接如下

1) false
Reason: A stem, to my mind, is any f)orm that receives an inflectional suffix. In the word "teaches", for example, "teach-" is stem, because it is this element that receives the inflectional suffix "-es".
2) false
Reason: A prefix should be understood as a form that modifies the meaning of a base, but not a stem. While a stem is any form that receivs an inflectional suffix, a base receives a derivational affix, either a suffix or a prefix, the latter usually modifying the meaning of the base to which it is added to derive a new word.
Note that, in answering to these two questions, I have made a distinction between "stem" and "base", which are accepted by many as terms applicable to two differenct word formation processes. But there are also people who do not make such a distinction, and if you are one of them, you may as well decide that the statement that forms question 2 is true.

一个sememe是某个morpheme的意思.
一个morpheme总会包含它自己的sememe.
比如说,
unbreakable:un,break,able是三个morpheme.
un这个morpheme的意思是：否定.那么“否定”就是Un的sememe.
同理,“make things apart”就是break的sememe.
一个比较极端的例子是s.
s在英语里自己就可以做一个morpheme.
而它的sememe是plural,也就是复数.
总之sememe是意思,morpheme是载体.

numer-ous 两个
employ-ee 两个
book-case-s 三个
un-eat-en 三个
apolog-y 两个
seat belt-s 三个

1-A
2-B
3-C
4-D
5-G
6-F

E：synonym (同义词)

derivational morpheme
中文意思：派生语素

音位是最小的能够辨别意义的语音单位.例如：boy和toy语音上是通过[b]和[t]来显示区别的,[b]和[t]起了辨别意义的作用,又因为[b]和[t]都已经是最小的无法继续切分下去的语音,所以[b]和[t]是两个因为.又譬如kill和skill中的k,实际发音稍有不同（不妨自己试试）,国际音标可以分别记做[k']和[k]（送气的k和不送气的k）,[k]总是出现在[s]之后而[k']不可能出现在[s]之后,两者出现的环境是对立的,谈不上辨义不辨义,所以也就不是音位.
词素是最小的语言单位.语言单位和语音单位的区别在于语言单位总是有两个面：语音和意义,用语音来表示意义.词素的级别比词低,词总是由一个或一个以上的词素构成.come是一个词素构成的词；become是由两个词素构成的词（be+come）,becoming是三个词素构成的词（be+com[e]+ing).每个词素都有意义,这里的be-是“使”的意思,-come-是来的意思,-ing是“进行时”的意思.
词缀（包括前缀、后缀、中缀等）、词根、词干、甚至德语、俄语中的连结词缀、词尾和尾后缀都时词素.当然这些称法是按不同标准划分的.
搞清楚了这点我们就知道,音位和词素根本就是两个平面上的东西,当然也就不对应.以receive来说,首先是一个词；其次它由两个词素组成,分别是re-和-ceive；再次,re-由两个音位构成分别是[r]和[e],-ceive由三个音位[s]、[i]、[v]组成,所以receive里共有五个音位.