achieve

期待或达成

achieve 完成，到达reach 到达，后面不加介词

achieve 一般指活得某种成就reach 指到达某个地点

vt.,vi.1（常与out,for连用）伸手Thesnakecharmerreachedoutgingerlytotouchthesnakeinhisbasket.耍蛇人小心翼翼地伸手去摸他筐子里的那条蛇.2延伸；伸展Theladderwon"treachthewindow.梯子够不到窗户.3到达TheyreachedLondon.他们到达了伦敦.Theheatofsummerhasreacheditsclimax.已经是夏季最热的天气了.Thetwosideswereunabletoreachagreement.双方未能取得一致意见.achievevt.完成(功绩等),实现(目标,目的等)获得achieveone"spurpose达到目的achievesuccess获得成功achievevictory获得胜利Thiswillhelpusachievemodernization.这有助于我们实现现代化.

achieve success取得成功双语对照词典结果：achieve success[英][əˈtʃi:v səkˈses][美][əˈtʃiv səkˈsɛs]获得成功; 例句:1.With the virtue of healthy mind, body and soul, I now am focused to achieve success. 有了健康的头脑、身体和灵魂，我现在可以更专注于追求成功了

achieveone"sambition：实现抱负；得志；使自己出名例句Sharedambitionisthevitalnexusbetweenthem.共同的志向是把他们联结在一起的重要纽带。Herprimemotivewaspersonalambition.她的主要动机是为了实现个人的志向。Youwillachieveyourambitionifyouworkhard.如果你努力,你的抱负是可以实现的。Ittakeshardworktoachievesuccess.成功需要努力工作。短语UnableToAchieveOne"sAmbition迍遮

Dieter Prinz and A.H.MalikInstitute of Water Resources Management,Hydraulic and Rural Engineering,University of Karlsruhe,D-76128 Karlsruhe,Germany1　IntroductionIn the Developing World,agriculture counts for about 80% of total water withdrawal（Prinz,2000）.Agriculture is under enormous pressure by the other sectors of the economy,as the economic value created per unit water is lowest in agriculture.At the same time,growing populations make it necessary to produce more food and fibre and to ensure that crop yields per unit land continue to rise.Therefore,developing countries will have to find ways of growing more food with less water.But there is not only the problem of water quantity but additionally the one of deteriorating quality of water.There are many modern and traditional or combined technologies available to improve water conservation development（Agarwal,2001,Rijsberman,2001）.There is the need①to define the aim（under given frame work conditions）；②to analyze the losses（conveyance,distribution,application a.o.losses）；③to identify the most promising water conservation methods and techniques,and,eventually；④to integrate the various elements within a（soil and）water conservation strategy（Emerson,1998,UNEP,1998）.2　Measures applied in irrigated agricultureIrrigation water,if in ample supply,reduces considerable the risk of agricultural production and allows yields double as high as the yields which can be obtained from rain-fed agriculture（FAO,2001）.Roughly 40% of the food is produced on irrigated land,on 17% of the total cultivated land.The water needed for crops amounts to 1000～3000 m3per ton of cereal harvested.With other words,it takes one to three tones of water to grow 1kg of rice.As mentioned before,the losses of water have to be covered as well as the measures to increase the efficiency of water use in irrigation.We have to distinguish between recoverable water losses and unrecoverable water losses;the latter ones are those quantities of water lost to the atmosphere,to saline aquifers or to the sea.Recoverable losses include:seepage,surface runoff,operational losses and losses due to deep percolation.Fig.1　Water losses within a surface irrigation system in a semi-arid regionThe water losses could be（Fig.1）conveyance losses.distribution losses（e.g.canal evaporation,percolation and operation losses）orfield-ditch losses,field-application losses which depend on soil,irrigation method and management,Reduction of conveyance and distribution losses33%～50% of water diverted for irrigation is lost‘en route"：The conveyance and distribution losses are enormous.By lining the canal system or by conveying the water in pipes,these losses can be significantly reduced.It should be kept in mind,that at least the seepage losses are in most cases recoverable losses;the water might be lifted up from the groundwater layer downstream.Seepage losses occur in unlined main canals,in the canal distribution system and in field ditches.Most of the water is lost in unlined main canals.The questions which arise here are the following:What quantities of water are lost?Are these losses easy to recover?What feasible lining methods could be used?How high are the costs of lining and of maintenance?What are the benefits of the saved water?Could the unlined canal be used in the rainy season to recharge an aquifer?Reduction of application lossesApplication losses are either surface runoff losses or percolation losses,often summarised as“operational losses”.The water applied,should be sufficient to wet the volume of root penetration,but should not go beyond.Numerous technical means are available to apply exactly the amount of water needed,but financial and labour problems,in large irrigation schemes also management problems,hinder this.Operational losses depend on：①the chosen distribution system；②the available regulating and mechanical facilities；③the skill and discipline of the operator.3　Crop root zone depthThe active root zone of the crop（if water is not a constraint）depends on：①crop type；②its stage of maturity；③soil conditions（Fig.2）.Fig.2　The water applied should be sufficient to wet the volume of root penetration（but not more）Use of efficient irrigation methodsThe large differences in water efficiency between the various irrigation methods are quite well known:Traditional surface irrigation generally achieves only around 40%　efficiency,sprinkler irrigation can be 70%～80% efficient and drip irrigation might reach over 90% efficiency（Wolf and Stein,1998,Fig.3）.Modern irrigation technology could in theory save about half of the water presently consumed in irrigation,but technical,economic and socio-cultural factors hinder the transformation of theory into practice.These methods are arranged according to their average efficiency.The surface irrigation techniques are：①basin irrigation，②furrow irrigation and③border irrigation.Fig.3　The five basic methods of applying water to the soilThese techniques have one drawback in common:the uneven water application over the irrigated area.Water infiltration is much greater at the top end of the field than the bottom because of the longer opportunity time at the top end and this results in high deep percolation.Surge irrigation（Fig.4）has been shown to markedly improve the efficiency of water application.It is the practice of intermittently stopping and starting water flows across a field.Fig.4　Water percolation in surge and continuous flowAnother method is the sprinkler irrigation.Low Energy Precision Application（LEPA）center pivots are one of the most efficient irrigation methods available today because they offer both high water application efficiency and low operating pressure.The water is applied near the ground surface below canopy.Drip/trickle irrigation is characterised by the following:low flow rate,long duration irrigation,frequent irrigation,water applied near or into the plant"s root zone,and low-pressure delivery system shigh investment costs and maintenance demand.In drip irrigation some techniques were developed which are not as efficient as the more costly ones,but which allow even small farmers a very high efficiency e.g.in vegetable cropping:the drip bucket irrigation is such a low cost and relatively efficient technique,applied already on thousands of farms in East Africa（Prinz and Malik,2001）.3.1　Case study:Growing More Rice with Less Water（China）Water Efficient Irrigation TechniquesOne method to save water in irrigated rice cultivation is the intermittent（submerged）irrigation.This example shows real water saving and increase of production.Production levels remained stable over the time period in spite of this massive shift of water（see Fig.5,Table 1）out of agriculture.Growing more rice with less water improves also the productivity of water.This was made possible through pol-icy,management,and technological changes（Rijsberman,2001）.Fig.5　Water quantities used for domestic,industrial and hydropower purposes increased 10 times during the period 1976 and 1996,with subsequent reduction of water quantities for irrigationTable 1 Changes in land and land productivity in Zhanghe Irrigation District,China（1966～1998）Source:Rijsberman 2001.3.2　Subsurface Irrigation Techniques3.2.1　Pitcher irrigationPitcher irrigation or“Pot Irrigation”is a traditional,extreme efficient form of irrigation.The technique is particularly suitable to the irrigation of vegetables（like legumes,beans,water-melons,etc.）in home ardens（Fig.6）.The clay pots can either be installed independently,i.e.the water supply is done by the farmers manually,one by one,or interconnected:the water supply is done by using a water reservoir,which can be a tank,a well,etc.3.2.2　Surface trickle irrigationFig.6　Clay pots used forpitcher irrigationTo reduce deep percolation losses in subsurface irrigation,a trench is dug and a layer of plastic sheets is positioned below the trickler pipe（Fig.7）.3.2.3　Vertical Pipe MethodA very simple but effective method for ree cultivation is the vertical pipe method:Provided sufficient water storage capacity in the root one is given,a larger quantity of water is applied through the vertical pipe to supply the tree with water for 2～4 weeks（Fig.8）.Fig.7　Subsurface trickle irrigation with reduced percolation lossesFig.8　Vertical pipe methodThe water efficiency depends not only on the methodWolf and Stein（1998）cite a study made in Israel by Hagan（1994）,who found surface irrigation to be 70% water efficient but drip irrigation only 42%～56%.This deviation from generally believed figures is due to differences in the available underlying conditions.For the farms using surface irrigation,water was in very short supply and therefore it had to be used as efficiently as possible.Drip irrigation on the other hand has been used under conditions of sufficient water to grow crops of high market value.Low cost of water and high market prices did not give any incentive to the farmers to use water efficiently.3.3　More rational use of irrigation water3.3.1　Supplemental irrigation（SI）It is the application of small quantities of irrigation water to essentially rain-fed crops in times when the demand can not be covered by rainfall（Oweis,1997）.SI is usually practiced usually in the wetter part of the dry areas with 300 to 600 mm annual rainfall in order to improve and stabilise yields（Oweis et al.,2001）.Supplemental irrigation might be taken from groundwater or from excess water stored during the rainy season.3.3.2　Deficit irrigationAnother technique which allows a very high water use efficiency under fully irrigated conditions is deficit irrigation.The deficit irrigation is the distribution of limited amounts of irrigation water to satisfy essential water needs of plants.The water supply is reduced in less critical periods of water demand by the crop and supply of full amount of water during stress-sensitive periods.A similar technique is the“intermittent submerged irrigation technique”for rice（ISI）.This technique has been promoted in China but it is now applied in many rice growing areas world wide.Up to 20% of the irrigation water can be saved,if the paddy crop is not grown under submerged conditions through out the main growing season,but only intermittently.The phases where submerged conditions are recommended are those“sensitive”stages mentioned earlier.Precondition for deficit irrigation management is the knowledge of the sensitive periods of the crop/the variety in question.3.3.3　AquaculturePaddy croppingcan be combined with fish raising if certain preconditions are given（Fig.9）.This allows a multiple use of water and hence water saving per unit produce.Fig.9　Combining paddy cropping with fish raisingCase study:Drip Irrigation Systems（DIS）in IndiaDrip Irrigation Systems in India are being praticised since 1970,being used on a limited scale in Tamil Nadu,Karnataka,Kerala and Maharashtra States,mainly for high value,horticultural crops like coconut,coffee,grape and vegetable production without the benefit of any subsidies from the governments.At Rahuri,in Maharashtra State,the use of drip irrigation of pomegranates,grown in gravely soils,resulted in a savings of about 44%（as compared to conventional check basin irrigation systems）with a further water savings of about 14% when compared to un-mulched plots.The capital costs involved are high compared to conventional irrigation systems,but the labor and operational costs are low in India.The net result is that the benefit-cost ratio for DIS is very favourable compared to conventional systems since the payback period for investment very short.The cost of using drip irrigation system is summarized in the Table 1.With DIS in India,there was an improvement in crop yields and savings in water use of between 18% and 40%.Consequently,there was a substantial improvement in the water use efficiency that ranged up to three times that of conventional surface irrigation methods,even with the use of poor quality irrigation water.See Table 2 for water savings and increased yields achieved using drip irrigation in Indian case.Table 2　Drip irrigation cost;water savings v.increased yield achieved in IndiaSource:Saksena 2000.4　Improving water availabilityAs mentioned earlier,aquifer depletion is a common problem in many dry areas of the world.Many techniques have been developed to artificially recharge aquifers to sustain the water table and to allow further control of pumping water to cover the water needs of humans and crops.One interesting example of combined basin irrigation with groundwater recharge is reported from Uttar Pradesh Province in India（IWMI,2002）.In the monsoon season,surface water is diverted through an unlined canal system to provide farmers with irrigation water for rice crops.Around 60% of the irrigation water applied is used by the plants,most of the remaining 40%filters through the soil to recharge the groundwater.Combined with seepage from unlined canals those“losses”provide farmers with groundwater to irrigate dry season crops.The research showed,that the water table in the study area,which had been progressively declining,has been raised from an average of 12m below ground level to an average of6.5m.5　SummaryWe need information on crop water requirements.Losses have to be a

我认为： accomplish，finish,complete 可以互换，表示通过努力完成了某个任务，比如I have accomplished/finished/completed the tasks. 我完成了任务achieve 除了表示通过努力完成还表示 获得了某个东西，比如I have achieved the xxx certificate 我获得了 证书fulfil 更多是表示完成了/实现了梦想，比如I"ve always wanted to be a doctor and I fulfiled this dream after graduation 我总想成为医生，毕业之后我就实现了这个梦想perform 表示表演更多，比如Langlang performed the Hungary Rhapsody.郎朗演奏了匈牙利狂想曲end 表示 结束，比如The cold war came to an end冷战结束了一点个人拙见，希望对你有帮助

前者表示怀有那样的愿望，后者表示已经达成愿望

achievement生词本中频词，你记住了吗？英 [əˈtʃi:vmənt] 美 [əˈtʃivmənt]n. 完成，达到；成就，成绩网 络成就；成绩；功绩；工程业绩复数：achievements词条标签：CET4CET6TOEFL柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典现代英汉综合大词典英汉双向大词典1. N-COUNT可数名词成就;成绩;功绩 An achievement is something which someone has succeeded in doing, especially after a lot of effort. Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great achievement...如此快速达成这项协定是一大伟绩。The Conference will be a celebration of women"s achievements.该会议将成为对女性成就的一曲赞歌。2. N-UNCOUNT不可数名词完成;达到;实现 Achievement is the process of achieving something. 【搭配模式】：oft N of nOnly the achievement of these goals will bring lasting peace.只有达成这些目标才会带来持久的和平。

attain,achieve,acquire,gain,obtain的区别为：意思不同、用法不同、侧重点不同。一、意思不同1、attain：获得，得到。2、achieve：达到(某目标、地位、标准)，完成，成功。3、acquire：购得，获得，得到。4、gain：获得，赢得，博得，取得。5、obtain：存在，流行，沿袭。二、用法不同1、attain：attain的意思是“达到，得到，实现”，指怀有较大抱负或较强烈愿望、有意识地实现或达到一般人能力不易达到的目的，其宾语多为目的、理想或成就等。attain也可表示“到达”一定的距离、年龄或高度等。2、achieve：achieve常用作及物动词，基本意思是“取得”“获得”，如取得成就、成果或获得胜利、成功等，也可以表示经长期努力而“实现”“达到”“完成”，如实现目标、愿望，达到目的，完成计划等。3、acquire：acquire的基本意思是“得到”，可指“购得”“习得，学到(知识)”“获得(名声，地位或名望)”“患上(疾病)，受到(感染)”等，含有“逐渐具有，不断积累，开始学会”等意味。4、gain：gain的基本意思是“获得”，指经过努力或竞争而取得有价值或想要的东西，如成就、经验、荣誉等。5、obtain：obtain用作及物动词时基本意思是指花费了大量的努力或经过了很久的时间后得到了心仪已久的东西。三、侧重点不同1、attain：指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果，也可指达到某一目标。2、achieve：多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。3、acquire：强调一经获得就会长期持有的含义。4、gain：指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处，亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。5、obtain：用于正式语体中。

achieve,acquire,attain都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意achieve强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标acquire指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等attain正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地

Dieter Prinz and A.H.MalikInstitute of Water Resources Management,Hydraulic and Rural Engineering,University of Karlsruhe,D-76128 Karlsruhe,Germany1　IntroductionIn the Developing World,agriculture counts for about 80% of total water withdrawal（Prinz,2000）.Agriculture is under enormous pressure by the other sectors of the economy,as the economic value created per unit water is lowest in agriculture.At the same time,growing populations make it necessary to produce more food and fibre and to ensure that crop yields per unit land continue to rise.Therefore,developing countries will have to find ways of growing more food with less water.But there is not only the problem of water quantity but additionally the one of deteriorating quality of water.There are many modern and traditional or combined technologies available to improve water conservation development（Agarwal,2001,Rijsberman,2001）.There is the need①to define the aim（under given frame work conditions）；②to analyze the losses（conveyance,distribution,application a.o.losses）；③to identify the most promising water conservation methods and techniques,and,eventually；④to integrate the various elements within a（soil and）water conservation strategy（Emerson,1998,UNEP,1998）.2　Measures applied in irrigated agricultureIrrigation water,if in ample supply,reduces considerable the risk of agricultural production and allows yields double as high as the yields which can be obtained from rain-fed agriculture（FAO,2001）.Roughly 40% of the food is produced on irrigated land,on 17% of the total cultivated land.The water needed for crops amounts to 1000～3000 m3per ton of cereal harvested.With other words,it takes one to three tones of water to grow 1kg of rice.As mentioned before,the losses of water have to be covered as well as the measures to increase the efficiency of water use in irrigation.We have to distinguish between recoverable water losses and unrecoverable water losses;the latter ones are those quantities of water lost to the atmosphere,to saline aquifers or to the sea.Recoverable losses include:seepage,surface runoff,operational losses and losses due to deep percolation.Fig.1　Water losses within a surface irrigation system in a semi-arid regionThe water losses could be（Fig.1）conveyance losses.distribution losses（e.g.canal evaporation,percolation and operation losses）orfield-ditch losses,field-application losses which depend on soil,irrigation method and management,Reduction of conveyance and distribution losses33%～50% of water diverted for irrigation is lost‘en route"：The conveyance and distribution losses are enormous.By lining the canal system or by conveying the water in pipes,these losses can be significantly reduced.It should be kept in mind,that at least the seepage losses are in most cases recoverable losses;the water might be lifted up from the groundwater layer downstream.Seepage losses occur in unlined main canals,in the canal distribution system and in field ditches.Most of the water is lost in unlined main canals.The questions which arise here are the following:What quantities of water are lost?Are these losses easy to recover?What feasible lining methods could be used?How high are the costs of lining and of maintenance?What are the benefits of the saved water?Could the unlined canal be used in the rainy season to recharge an aquifer?Reduction of application lossesApplication losses are either surface runoff losses or percolation losses,often summarised as“operational losses”.The water applied,should be sufficient to wet the volume of root penetration,but should not go beyond.Numerous technical means are available to apply exactly the amount of water needed,but financial and labour problems,in large irrigation schemes also management problems,hinder this.Operational losses depend on：①the chosen distribution system；②the available regulating and mechanical facilities；③the skill and discipline of the operator.3　Crop root zone depthThe active root zone of the crop（if water is not a constraint）depends on：①crop type；②its stage of maturity；③soil conditions（Fig.2）.Fig.2　The water applied should be sufficient to wet the volume of root penetration（but not more）Use of efficient irrigation methodsThe large differences in water efficiency between the various irrigation methods are quite well known:Traditional surface irrigation generally achieves only around 40%　efficiency,sprinkler irrigation can be 70%～80% efficient and drip irrigation might reach over 90% efficiency（Wolf and Stein,1998,Fig.3）.Modern irrigation technology could in theory save about half of the water presently consumed in irrigation,but technical,economic and socio-cultural factors hinder the transformation of theory into practice.These methods are arranged according to their average efficiency.The surface irrigation techniques are：①basin irrigation，②furrow irrigation and③border irrigation.Fig.3　The five basic methods of applying water to the soilThese techniques have one drawback in common:the uneven water application over the irrigated area.Water infiltration is much greater at the top end of the field than the bottom because of the longer opportunity time at the top end and this results in high deep percolation.Surge irrigation（Fig.4）has been shown to markedly improve the efficiency of water application.It is the practice of intermittently stopping and starting water flows across a field.Fig.4　Water percolation in surge and continuous flowAnother method is the sprinkler irrigation.Low Energy Precision Application（LEPA）center pivots are one of the most efficient irrigation methods available today because they offer both high water application efficiency and low operating pressure.The water is applied near the ground surface below canopy.Drip/trickle irrigation is characterised by the following:low flow rate,long duration irrigation,frequent irrigation,water applied near or into the plant"s root zone,and low-pressure delivery system shigh investment costs and maintenance demand.In drip irrigation some techniques were developed which are not as efficient as the more costly ones,but which allow even small farmers a very high efficiency e.g.in vegetable cropping:the drip bucket irrigation is such a low cost and relatively efficient technique,applied already on thousands of farms in East Africa（Prinz and Malik,2001）.3.1　Case study:Growing More Rice with Less Water（China）Water Efficient Irrigation TechniquesOne method to save water in irrigated rice cultivation is the intermittent（submerged）irrigation.This example shows real water saving and increase of production.Production levels remained stable over the time period in spite of this massive shift of water（see Fig.5,Table 1）out of agriculture.Growing more rice with less water improves also the productivity of water.This was made possible through pol-icy,management,and technological changes（Rijsberman,2001）.Fig.5　Water quantities used for domestic,industrial and hydropower purposes increased 10 times during the period 1976 and 1996,with subsequent reduction of water quantities for irrigationTable 1 Changes in land and land productivity in Zhanghe Irrigation District,China（1966～1998）Source:Rijsberman 2001.3.2　Subsurface Irrigation Techniques3.2.1　Pitcher irrigationPitcher irrigation or“Pot Irrigation”is a traditional,extreme efficient form of irrigation.The technique is particularly suitable to the irrigation of vegetables（like legumes,beans,water-melons,etc.）in home ardens（Fig.6）.The clay pots can either be installed independently,i.e.the water supply is done by the farmers manually,one by one,or interconnected:the water supply is done by using a water reservoir,which can be a tank,a well,etc.3.2.2　Surface trickle irrigationFig.6　Clay pots used forpitcher irrigationTo reduce deep percolation losses in subsurface irrigation,a trench is dug and a layer of plastic sheets is positioned below the trickler pipe（Fig.7）.3.2.3　Vertical Pipe MethodA very simple but effective method for ree cultivation is the vertical pipe method:Provided sufficient water storage capacity in the root one is given,a larger quantity of water is applied through the vertical pipe to supply the tree with water for 2～4 weeks（Fig.8）.Fig.7　Subsurface trickle irrigation with reduced percolation lossesFig.8　Vertical pipe methodThe water efficiency depends not only on the methodWolf and Stein（1998）cite a study made in Israel by Hagan（1994）,who found surface irrigation to be 70% water efficient but drip irrigation only 42%～56%.This deviation from generally believed figures is due to differences in the available underlying conditions.For the farms using surface irrigation,water was in very short supply and therefore it had to be used as efficiently as possible.Drip irrigation on the other hand has been used under conditions of sufficient water to grow crops of high market value.Low cost of water and high market prices did not give any incentive to the farmers to use water efficiently.3.3　More rational use of irrigation water3.3.1　Supplemental irrigation（SI）It is the application of small quantities of irrigation water to essentially rain-fed crops in times when the demand can not be covered by rainfall（Oweis,1997）.SI is usually practiced usually in the wetter part of the dry areas with 300 to 600 mm annual rainfall in order to improve and stabilise yields（Oweis et al.,2001）.Supplemental irrigation might be taken from groundwater or from excess water stored during the rainy season.3.3.2　Deficit irrigationAnother technique which allows a very high water use efficiency under fully irrigated conditions is deficit irrigation.The deficit irrigation is the distribution of limited amounts of irrigation water to satisfy essential water needs of plants.The water supply is reduced in less critical periods of water demand by the crop and supply of full amount of water during stress-sensitive periods.A similar technique is the“intermittent submerged irrigation technique”for rice（ISI）.This technique has been promoted in China but it is now applied in many rice growing areas world wide.Up to 20% of the irrigation water can be saved,if the paddy crop is not grown under submerged conditions through out the main growing season,but only intermittently.The phases where submerged conditions are recommended are those“sensitive”stages mentioned earlier.Precondition for deficit irrigation management is the knowledge of the sensitive periods of the crop/the variety in question.3.3.3　AquaculturePaddy croppingcan be combined with fish raising if certain preconditions are given（Fig.9）.This allows a multiple use of water and hence water saving per unit produce.Fig.9　Combining paddy cropping with fish raisingCase study:Drip Irrigation Systems（DIS）in IndiaDrip Irrigation Systems in India are being praticised since 1970,being used on a limited scale in Tamil Nadu,Karnataka,Kerala and Maharashtra States,mainly for high value,horticultural crops like coconut,coffee,grape and vegetable production without the benefit of any subsidies from the governments.At Rahuri,in Maharashtra State,the use of drip irrigation of pomegranates,grown in gravely soils,resulted in a savings of about 44%（as compared to conventional check basin irrigation systems）with a further water savings of about 14% when compared to un-mulched plots.The capital costs involved are high compared to conventional irrigation systems,but the labor and operational costs are low in India.The net result is that the benefit-cost ratio for DIS is very favourable compared to conventional systems since the payback period for investment very short.The cost of using drip irrigation system is summarized in the Table 1.With DIS in India,there was an improvement in crop yields and savings in water use of between 18% and 40%.Consequently,there was a substantial improvement in the water use efficiency that ranged up to three times that of conventional surface irrigation methods,even with the use of poor quality irrigation water.See Table 2 for water savings and increased yields achieved using drip irrigation in Indian case.Table 2　Drip irrigation cost;water savings v.increased yield achieved in IndiaSource:Saksena 2000.4　Improving water availabilityAs mentioned earlier,aquifer depletion is a common problem in many dry areas of the world.Many techniques have been developed to artificially recharge aquifers to sustain the water table and to allow further control of pumping water to cover the water needs of humans and crops.One interesting example of combined basin irrigation with groundwater recharge is reported from Uttar Pradesh Province in India（IWMI,2002）.In the monsoon season,surface water is diverted through an unlined canal system to provide farmers with irrigation water for rice crops.Around 60% of the irrigation water applied is used by the plants,most of the remaining 40%filters through the soil to recharge the groundwater.Combined with seepage from unlined canals those“losses”provide farmers with groundwater to irrigate dry season crops.The research showed,that the water table in the study area,which had been progressively declining,has been raised from an average of 12m below ground level to an average of6.5m.5　SummaryWe need information on crop water requirements.Losses have to be a

noteboos，使未来科技的明`最突出的成就

和古典音乐很复杂难懂的大众观点相悖，它简单明了，似乎出自天才之手。

人多好办事

直白点：每个人都一起努力可以获得更多成果. 简单点：团结就是力量.

大家一起来，获得更多。

一样的。achieve英[__t_i_v]美[__t_i_v]v.实现;完成;(凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准);成功;[例句]Thecollege"saimistohelpstudentsachievetheiraspirations.大学的目标是帮助学生实现他们的抱负。[其他]第三人称单数：achieves现在分词：achieving过去式：achieved过去分词：achievedteach英[ti_t_]美[__t_i_v]v.教(课程);讲授;教授;教;训练;教育;教导;使懂得(情理);使引以为戒;[例句]Childrenmustbetaughtthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.必须教儿童分清是非。[其他]第三人称单数：teaches现在分词：teaching过去式：taught过去分词：taught

His English achieves grade A. 他的英语达到了A级别.

这是动词

是achieve的过去式和过去分词，意思是 达到、实现、完成；

直白点：每个人都一起努力可以获得更多成果. 简单点：团结就是力量.

你永远都不会成功。

你达标了吗？

achieves。英语词汇书上的pl是单词plural的缩写，是指通常情况下使用单词的复数形式，其实就是复数的缩写。2.在牛津字典中plural有两个词性：名词（noun）：（名词或动词的。英语单词后面的【pl.】是什么词性词语解释plural的缩写英语词汇书上的pl.是指通常情况下使用单词的复数形式，其实就是plural（复数）的缩写。拓展信息：复数名词是指英语系统中一个“可数名词”的复数形式，而不数词没有“复数”的形式。当要表现某个“可数名词”所表示的数量大于一时，就要用到该名词的“复数形式”。“可数名词”的复数形式分为多种，最常用的形式是在名词后直接加“s”或是“es”。

张运城实现他的理想25岁时，张运城达到他的野心的编写和出版一本书。有书出版是一个伟大的成就的人，但张运城的成功是特别特别。运城去学校只有一天，他才开始学习阅读，直到他12岁。更令人惊讶的是，每一个字符的年轻作者写他痛苦的原因。运城有一种疾病，影响身体的肌肉。他的父母首先注意到有什么不对劲，他们的儿子三岁的时候。在他七岁的时候，男孩既不能跑也不能跳。他才可以走。在他上学的第一天，运城不得不看着其他学生跑在午餐时间。这一天他感冒了，他的父母决定送他回学校。所以运城留在家，多年来他的病情恶化。在他16岁的时候他走不好，18不滚出去的床没有帮助，到他20岁的时候他不能举起他的手臂在他的头上。运城的整个世界成为他的家人和他所能看到窗外靠近他的床。他做的每一个活动导致他痛苦。然而，运城的状况并没有阻止他制作他的大部分生活。当，在12岁时，他成为有兴趣在学习阅读，他的哥哥给他一些字符。几年之内，他已经自学了成千上万的汉字。运城还教授自己写的，他17岁时他给报社写了封信描述他的状况和他的梦想更好的生活。信读了张诺，编辑在报纸，谁的灵感来自运城的精神。2开始写作一个另一个很快成为朋友。张诺提供帮助运城实现他的雄心写一本书。每星期或如此他将运城一个写作作业。虽然他经常生病，有时很难拿起自己的笔，运城继续写作和把完成的论文张诺。运城始终是快乐的当他完成作业。“我觉得世界上的一切都是美丽的，是多么美妙生活的世界，”他说。运城的书中描述他的生活，他的希望和梦想，他如何克服他所面临的问题的每一天。读者一直激励他的勇气和他的心和他的书销路非常好。运城说，因为他的生活将不会太长，他必须尽他可以在时间是留给他。

是achieve的过去式和过去分词，意思是 达到、实现、完成；

意思：取得成就例句：1.Time is our product by a good at using sporadic time person, will makeachievements. 2.If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory jobafterwards, it will not be a big problem.

achieve是一个英语动词，它的意思是完成，成功，尤指凭长期努力达到某目标、地位或标准。第三人称单数：achieves；现在分词：achieving；过去式：achieved；过去分词：achieved 扩展资料 　　achieve同义词辨析 　　achieve与reach、arrive at、attain等词都可以表示“达到，达成”的`意思，具体区别如下： 　　achieve尤指经过努力实现某事或取得好的结果。 　　reach指某人或某事达到某一阶段、水平、数量等，也指实现目标或达成协议。 　　arrive at 指作出决定、达成协议等。 　　attain指达到某一水平、年龄、尺寸等。 　　achieve例句分享 　　We have achieved what we set out to do. 　　我们已经达成了原初的目标。 　　By hard working we can achieve anything. 　　只要我们努力，任何事情都能成功。

实现;完成;achieve英 [əˈtʃiːv]   美 [əˈtʃiːv]  v.实现;完成;(凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准);成功第三人称单数： achieves现在分词： achieving过去式： achieved过去分词： achieved派生词： achievable adj.考研频次例句：1The college"s aim is to help students achieve their aspirations. 大学的目标是帮助学生实现他们的抱负。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》2There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals 有志之士将会共同为实现这些目标而努力。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》3They had achieved a lot in a short space of time. 他们在短时间内取得了很大的成绩。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》4She achieved some measure of success with her first book. 她出第一部书就得到了相当的成功。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》5They were able to achieve a settlement without using military force. 他们没有诉诸武力就解决了问题。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

O.Henry is one of the greatest short story writers in the world.His writing style is appreciated by many people,especially for a twist plot and the surprising ending.In language,O.Henry uses many rhetoric tactics to achieve the effect of making the stories more vivid and more humorous,such as exaggeration,metaphor,simile and so on.O.Henry always sympathizes with the poor,criticizes and satirizes the capitalists.The characters in his short stories are often the common insignificant people who have the valuable humanity.O.Henry and his unique writing style influence many following writers.

many和much的区别用法

6161. achievements 62. are 63. are designed64. that 65. locally 66. to67. to raise 68. called 69. it 70. a

a sense of achievement一种成就感，这里成就不可数，说的是一种感觉

我感觉we can attain more achievements 这句挺好的

单词所表达的意思 按数量描述时 用复数。He has many achievements in chemistry area.在化学领域有很多成就/成绩/贡献。

在英语中说 make splendid achievements 翻译成：取得许多杰出成就,是正确的! 取得成就,翻译成：make an achievement

CA和C付合句意,如果怎样怎样就怎样,B不应该用because, 语意不通,D的最后缺少for.因此只能从AC中选,而从句子的意思认为是虚拟语气,且从前句看是完成时态,因此选C最合适

PYROMANIAC要你用樱桃炸弹炸死10个或以上正常尺寸僵尸（BIG TROUBLE LITTLE ZOMBIE）不能CHILL OUT不明。

获得成就，取得成绩

翻译 我的成就

用英文不是大脑思维中文就能用明白的！

意思一样，就是单数和复数的区别而己。make an achievement 取得成就make some achievements 取得一些成就make an achievement    英[meɪk ən əˈtʃiːvmənt]    美[meɪk ən əˈtʃiːvmənt]    [词典]    取得成就;    [例句]Our company will cooperate with all fields to make an achievement for the construction and development of Huizhou City.我公司竭诚与社会各界携手合作，共同为惠州建设与发展作出应有的贡献。

make achievements注意用复数

announced players" achievements宣布球员的成就.___________________________很高兴为你解答！如有不懂，请追问。 谢谢！

make

这个并没有动摇他们的丰功伟绩，作为四分钟之内的跑步运动员胜过我们自己拥有慢跑lz 你后半部分有点怪，你是不是抄错了

People of achievement的含义是：有成就的人。People of achievement，首先从结构上来讲，这是一个名词+介词词组构成的名词词组，也就是People + （of achievement），介词of的意思是“具有”，介词 of 和名词achievement构成了一个介词词组，起作用是修饰前面的名词people，也就是给名词people添加信息的，所以，这个介词词组的词性是形容词性的，所以，of achievement的意思是“具有成就的”，它的词性决定着它的语义中带有“的”，所以，People of achievement这个名词词组的意思是“具有成就的人们”。如果对限定词的使用稍微敏感一点，就会发现，在People of achievement这个名词词组中，没有使用任何限定词来对其中的两个名词进行限定，而且，也没有使用复数，也就是说，没有表达为：The people of some achievements，为什么呢？这其实就是英语这门语言中，名词前面使用和不使用限定词的两种情形。这两种情形之间的区别是：名词前如果使用了限定词，或者名词是复数形式，则表示该名词指的是现实世界中具体存在的人或物；如果名词前面没有使用限定词，而且是单数形式，则表示该名词仅代表相应的抽象概念，不与现实世界中具体的某个人或事物相对应。比如，第一单元的标题，People of achievement，只是向我们介绍这样一个抽象概念，介绍有这样一种人，但是，其中的people并不表示任何一个具体的人，achievement也不表示任何一种成就，而仅仅只是表示这样一个抽象概念。再例如：Yuan Longping, Tu Youyou and Albert Einstein are among the top scientists of our times. These are the people of achievements who have made great contributions to the well-being of human society and the advancement of science and technology. 在这个例句中，名词people前面使用了限定词the，所以或者说因为，它表示的是袁隆平，屠呦呦和爱因斯坦这三个具体的人，而名词achievements前面使用了限定词some，因为这里的achievements表示的是这三人所各自取得的具体的成就。

后一句

achievementsn. 业绩；获得（achievement的复数）classic英 ["klæsɪk]   美 ["klæsɪk]  adj. 经典的；古典的，传统的；最优秀的n. 名著；经典著作；大艺术家

①achievements

Academic Achievements 是指在校期间取得的成绩，包括参加的社团(在社团的职务等等），学习成绩（GPA， 班级/学校排名）, 拿到的奖学金，以及其他课外活动等等。Research experiences 是指研究经历，侧重于跟专业相关的科研项目，比如毕业设计，暑期实践，以及在相关实验室的学习经历和获得的相关技能等等。

achievementsofwomen：（有）成就的女性womenofachievement：女人的成就该句的目的是做（U）补充：后一句+S即womenofachievements时，意为：妇女的研究成果偷偷问一句，你英语几级？？

是可数名词。其复数形式为achievements。

academic achievements 学术成就例句：Fang told SciDev.Net that since 2000, he and others like him have exposed 300 cases of pseudoscience, plagiarism and other deceptions such as scientists faking their academic achievements. 方舟子对本网络记者表示，自从2000年以来，他与其他人已经揭露了300多起伪科学、科学剽窃和诸如科学家伪造自己学术成果这类欺诈。

单数复数都可以,但意思稍有不同. 不可数:The act of accomplishing or finishing. 完成,达到：完成,实现的行为 可数:成就,成绩：成功实现了的事情,尤指通过努力、技能、实践或毅力 例:They were proud of their children"s achievements. 他们为孩子们取得的成绩而自豪. Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement 小小的成功也能给人成就感.

楼下正解，就是你的NB获奖项目或实施项目。

some people say life is short but sweet, others ,however, may complain that life is long and boring.why they would have such different attitude to life,from my point of view,is the avhievent they have obtioned. if all of our dreams are completely realized,and if all the adorable achievements come true, how could we complain that life is boring? so in my opinion, one"s achievements are the main factor affecting one"s life, in other words, if our achievements are satisfying,we would feel our life fabulous;but if our achievements are not worth of talking, we may feel our life gloomy and life is really of little happiness. so to live a wonderful life, satisfying achievements is essential.without achievements, life is also bleak.consequently we may make our goal much easier to realize,in that way our life may appears with much value

提高成绩时应该用第一个，第一个是单数，做提高讲；第二个是复数，做成就讲；

Work Experience是指工作经验，也就是说不管你做过什么工作都可以写在简历上，不要使工作时间断档。Project Experience是指项目经验，主要负责某个项目，从开始筹备，到最后的结束，你都参与其中的。这个不是每个人都有的。

This Is Me My name is Liu Shuaiyi, a smart girl full of sunshine. I was given such a beautiful name by my parents because they expect that I will have a wonderful trip around the world with knowledge and talent. “Little girl with great mind ”. I won many honorable titles in the past years though I went to primary school at the age of six. For my positive attitude towards life, caring about the class and collective, I was selected as “Excellent student of Morality, Intelligence and physical Education”,“Excellent Students"Leader”, and “Study model” and “Flagman”. I have broad—minded ,optimistic character and high comprehensive qualities. By election, I was chosen as the chief of Young Pioneer committee. I participate “School affairs” actively and become the best assistant of the teachers. My hobbies are various and I spend much of my spare time on violin, zither, table tennis, dance, music, painting and calligraphy. Besides my learning, I also made great achievements on my hobbies . I have won the toppest certificates of violin and zither , fourth of table tennis match, third of singing competition in LiaoNing province . With the help of my mother, I have read many classics of Chinese literature, which made me gain “The King of story-teller” of Huludao city. I work as a little journalist for “Fragrant Grassland” programme of Huludao Broadeasting Station. Of course, English is my favourite, for I want to be an international person in the future ,so English is the bridge linking the outside world. I won the first in the National Olympic English Competition. I am confident that I will work hard and do more contribution to our school in the final year of primary school and make our campus life colorful. I am warm-hearted and good at communication. Not only do I like watching cartoon movies, but also I like enjoying the sweet music. Let us be friends!

不对，因为achievement你这里加了s就代表了复数，所以后面动词应该用are.

直译的意思是：“成果与责任心”。这是一短词意思是引述 achievements成果 与 responsibilities责任心 的互相关系是不可分离的，没责任心总不会有成果，所以，成果与责任心两者是息息相关，要是有成果，就要有责任心。

academic achievements全部释义和例句>> 学术成就

不定式句首表示目的 To win you must work hard. 为了赢你得努力. 动名词句首只是做主语,因为动名词是名词属性的. Wining the game will make you rich. 赢得比赛会让你发财. 所以上面所说的句子我觉得用Completing更好.

翻译如下痛苦总是伴随成就而来Pain is always accompanied by achievement.这里achievement作为总称使用，故不用复数。

取得巨大成就make great achievement 是固定短语

成就

honorable achievement光荣的或者体面的成就 achievement with distinction有区别的成就

从词义上也可看出不一样前者是成就后者是成功

achieve achievement意思是:完成成就

在a sense of achievement中achievement不能加s，因为achievement表示成就的意思，是不可数名词，所以不加s。

Achievement test和proficiency test的区别：Achievement test（成就测验）就是我们通常所说的考试。成就测验主要是针对特定领域为检测应试者对有关知识和技能的掌握程度而设计的。proficiency test，是指技术检查熟练测验，熟练程度的水平测试。例句：1、Achievement testAn achievement test that measures what the child expresses he has learned so far 成绩测试可以衡量一个孩子的学习达到了何种程度。If we"re going to reverse this tide, it might be useful to put the Achievement Test back at the center of politics. 如果我们想要逆转这种潮流，那么把能力测评放到政治事务的中心应该是一个行之有效的办法。King acknowledged that just 17 percent of his 11th-grade students passed the statewideachievement test last year, while in the Chicago public schools as a whole, the comparable figure was 29 percent. King承认他的十一年级学生中只有17%的人通过了全国统一成绩测试，而芝加哥的公立学校们的该项指标整体上达到了29%。Las Pinas City Grade 6 students got the fourth highest score in the National Capital Region (NCR) for the National Achievement Test (NAT). 拉宾斯市的六年级学生的国家水平测试成绩在国家首都地区名列第四。Jackson Elementary School students boosted their Illinois Standards Achievement Test scoresin 2009 by 6.3 percent over 2008. Jackson小学的学生在伊利诺斯州标准成绩测试中的分数2009年比2008年上升了6.3个百分点。According to the correlation between language teaching and testing, language tests involve fivebasic types:proficiency test, aptitude test, achievement test, diagnostic test, placement test. 根据语言教学和测试的相互关系，语言测试包括五方面的基本类型：水平测试、能力倾向测试、技巧测试、判断测试、综合性测试。The achievement test designed according to the curriculum criterion is to measure to what degree students master the concepts, the principle and the knowledge in certain fields. 成就测验就是根据课程标准和教学目标要求编制，用以测量学生对某一学科领域知识、概念、法则等掌握程度的学绩测验。Furthermore, the students were divided into high and low ACSW groups by their scores on ACSW Scale and high and low achievement groups by their scores on The Science Article Achievement Test. 另外，并依据四班学生在「学业自我价值后效量表」以及「成就测验」上之得分，将学生区分为高、低学业自我价值后效与高、低成就组。The research finds out that the researches in China depend on two main ways: market reactiontest of amalgamation and the influence of corporate business achievement test of amalgamation. 研究发现，国内的研究基本上沿着并购的市场反应检验和并购的公司经营业绩影响检验两条主线展开。Findings from this study indicate that the adding of oral part in achievement test has aninfluential washback effect on students" learning. 研究表明，期末成就测试中新增口语测试对学生英语学习具有积极的反拨效应。Conclusion: Both individual variables and class variables have influenced the Chineseachievement test in CEE. 结论：学生的个体变量和班级变量对高考语文成绩存在影响。Establishing a computer based item bank for College English achievement test is anindispensable component of reforming the current situation of course assessment and enhancing teaching quality. 建立基于计算机的校本大学英语学业测试语料库，已成为改革测试模式、提高教学质量的重要组成部分。The new goal of testing candidates comprehensive abilities set in the revised version means areturn from achievement test to proficiency test, a beginning step that has a profound significance. 新考纲提出测试学生综合应用能力这一新的考试目的，意味着开始了从教学考试向水平考试回归的旅程，这启始的一步具有非常积极的意义。Most physical tests are achievement test based on criterion referenced in engineeringinstitutions of higher education. 高等工科院校的物理测验大多数是基于标准参照的学绩测验。Achievement test is an absolutely necessary link in college English teaching. It is a means to test the effect of the students" learning and the teachers" teaching. 成绩测试是大学英语教学中必不可少的一个环节，是检测一定阶段学生学业成绩和教师教学效果的手段。2、proficiency testIn 2004 only one in five teachers passedtheEnglish- proficiency test. 2004年，只有五分之一的教师通过了英语水平测试。This paper discusses ther-coloured words in The Essentials of Putonghua Proficiency Test from two aspects: the words" form-standardizing and the words" number-controlling. 《普通话水平测试实施纲要》在儿化词语的测试数量和词形规范等方面还存在一些问题，尚需进一步规范。Someone who needs to communicate using pictures is, to say the least, unlikely to have passed the language proficiency test by themselves. 需要借助图片进行交流的学生，退一步讲，他们自己也不大可能通过语言能力考试。Implementation Outline for "Putonghua" Proficiency Test published in 2004 is the revised editionof Outline for "Putonghua" Proficiency Test published in 1994. 2004年1月出版的《普通话水平测试实施纲要》是1994年出版发行的《普通话水平测试大纲》的修订版。Harvard College does not require an English-proficiency test for undergraduate applicants. 哈佛本科生院对本科申请人没有英语能力考试的要求。The reading item " Intonation Tolerance" in ChineseMandarin Proficiency Test grossly shows as "d i- alect intonation". 普通话水平测试朗读项“语调偏误”主要表现为“方言语调”。Take Defense Language Aptitude Battery or Defense Language Proficiency Test. 接受反特语言倾向度测试或反特语言流利度测试。The final test is designed as a proficiency test that gives students an indication where they stand in terms of the four main language skills: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. 期末考试定为能力测试，用以测定学生在听、说、读、写四个方面的能力。Have you taken any proficiency test in English? 您是否参加过英文语文能力测验?。Objective:To sum up the participant experience of platelet function proficiency test(PT)from the College of American Pathologists(CAP). 目的总结参加美国病理学家协会血小板功能能力比对试验的经验。Objective: To sum op the participant experience of platelet function proficiency test (PT) from the College of American Pathologists (CAP). 目的：总结参加美国病理学家协会血小板功能能力比对试验的经验。I have already mentioned four ways of improving general oral proficiency test. 我已经介绍了4种提高总的口语熟练技巧的测试方法。To do the job well, the proficiency test organization should be established and strengthened, the routine teaching should be managed strictly and the scientific research should be promoted. 要做好这项工作，必须首先要健全主管这项工作的机构，抓好常规教学，展开相关的科学研究，建立水平测试机构，严格测试管理。Receives help is one kind which (ETS) globally undertakes by the US Educational TestingService English proficiency test which carries on view of the mother tongue non-English public figure. 托福是由美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）在全球范围内承办的一种针对母语非英语人士进行的英语水平考试。Have you taken any proficiency test on Chinese? Which test ?Your scores ? 是否参加过中文语文能力测验？何种测验？成绩？

tabulator key 的缩写，其含义是“作表的人，制表机，1、改变焦点聚焦到下一个按钮，输入框或者链接等。例如，关闭一个未保存的记事本，会弹出一个提示（下图），此时，“是”按钮上有一个虚线框，如果按下空格或者回车就相当于用鼠标点击了“是”按钮。想用键盘来“点击”“否”按钮的话，按下 Tab 键，虚线框就会转移到“否”上，再按下空格就可以了。 改变焦点作用还有一个很常见的用法，在登录论坛或 QQ 的时候，输入完帐号，不需要再用鼠标点击密码框，只需按下 Tab 键就可以把光标定位到密码框。如果想反过来定位，就按下组合键 Shift + Tab 。2、快速重命名在 Vista 或 Windows Server 2008 下， Tab 键还有一个神奇的用法：在桌面上选择一个图标，按下 F2 进入重命名状态，改名完毕后，接着按下 Tab 键，会进入下一个文件的重命名状态。想反过来重命名上一个文件，可以按下组合键 Shift + Tab 。在重命名多个文件的时候非常方便。3、切换窗口老鸟经常用 Alt + Tab 组合键来快速切换窗口。此组合键要先按下 Alt 键再按下 Tab 键，就可以快速切换到上一次的窗口。在按住 Alt 键不放的情况下，按下一次 Tab 键会出现当前打开窗口的图标，再按下 Tab 键就可以在每个图标间切换。 Alt + Shift + Tab 组合键是反向切换。松开 Alt 键就会切换窗口。在 Vista 下，按下此组合键还有窗口缩略图出现。4、切换选项卡或标签Ctrl + Tab ：切换到下一个选项卡或浏览器的标签。Ctrl + Shift + Tab ：反向切换。Firefox 用户还可以安装 Ctrl-Tab 这个扩展，来实现带预览的标签切换功能。顺便提一下，按下 Ctrl + Shift + A 组合键可以预览全部标签，还可以在搜索框上即时输入来过滤标签。扩展安装地址见扩展阅读。编辑本段进阶用法1、在命令提示符下在命令提示符下， Tab 键非常实用，它可以自动填充文件和文件夹的名字（好像叫自动填充有点怪怪的）。有些读者可能已经知道，但此技巧还有另一部分鲜为人知的秘密哦。先来看个演示图片，可能有点晕，当一闪一闪的光标消失的时候，就是按下 tab 的瞬间：下面通过实例来详细解释下：假设“D:cfan”路径下，有文件夹： a、 ab ，有文件： abc.txt ， ac.txt 。依次点击“开始→运行”输入“cmd”，按下回车打开命令提示符。先输入“D:”，回车后切换到 D 盘，再输入“cd cfan”命令进入“D:cfan”这个文件夹。在“D:cfan>”后面输入“dir”（注意 dir 后面有一个空格）：① 自动填充文件夹或文件的名字：直接按下 Tab 键就可以循环填充文件夹和文件的名字，用 Shift + Tab 可以填充上一个。② 自动填充特定字母开头的文件夹或文件的名字：输入“a”，再按下 Tab 键，可以依次填充文件夹“a”和文件“abc.txt”。输入名字非常长的文件夹或文件的时候非常有用。③ 自动填充特定扩展名的文件的名字：输入“*.txt”，再按下 Tab 键，可以依次填充文件“abc.txt”，“ac.txt”。在命令提示符下，星号代表任意字符。④ 自动填充第二个字母为特定的文件夹和文件的名字：输入“?b*”，再按下 Tab 键，可以依次填充文件夹“ab”和文件“abc.txt”。问号在这里代表一个字符。⑤ 自动填充文件名为特定长度的文件的名字：输入“???.txt”， 再按下 Tab 键，可以依次填充文件“abc.txt”和“ac.txt”。2、在输入法中在谷歌拼音输入法中， Tab 键是向后翻页。 Shift + Tab 是向前翻页。在搜狗拼音输入法中，按下 Tab 键可以进入笔画筛选模式。使用方法是输入一个字或多个字的拼音后，按下 tab 键，然后用 h （横）、 s （竖）、 p （撇）、 n （捺）、 z （折）依次输入第一个字的笔顺，一直找到该字为止。在此模式下还可以用拆字辅助码，例如想输入一个汉字“娴”，但是非常靠后，找不到，那么输入 “xian”，然后按下 Tab 键，再输入“娴”的两部分“女”“闲”的首字母“nx”，就可以看到只剩下“娴”字了。3、在 Photoshop 里按下 Tab 键后工具栏和面板都会隐藏，只剩下菜单栏。此快捷键经常结合全屏快捷键“f”使用。4、在 两种软件下在 EmEditor 和 EditPlus 下编程写代码时候，选中多行，按下 Tab 键可以快速为选中的多行缩进。 Shift + Tab 组合键是反向缩进。5、在浏览器中有些论坛在回复的时候支持用组合键“Ctrl + Enter”来快速提交，但此组合键不一定都支持每种浏览器。笔者习惯用 Tab + Enter 组合键来快速提交，用 Tab 键把焦点移动到“提交”按钮上（少数情况下需要按下多次 Tab 键），按下回车键。“Ctrl + Enter”组合键需要调用 Javascript 脚本来实现，用笔者这个方法就算网页没有用脚本也可以快速提交。6、替换 Tab 键开篇的时候，提到 Tab 键可以产生制表符，如果想替换掉制表符，怎么办呢？很简单，在 Word 中，按下组合键 Ctrl + H ，在“查找内容”中输入“^t”，“替换为”不填，点击全部替换就可以快速删除制表符。在 EmEditor 中，同样是按下组合键 Ctrl + H ，在“查找”中输入“ ”，“替换为”不填，并勾选“使用转义序列”，点击“全部替换”即可。编辑本段其他功能1. 在对话框中移动。2. 在主题窗格中移动。3. 在定位窗格中移动。4. 在文档和程序窗口中移动。5. 转到第一个或下一超级链接。6. Tab 键或 Shift+Tab 组合键（在激活工具栏以后）选择工具栏中的下一个或前一个按钮或菜单。7. Shift+Tab 组合键 转到最后或前一超级链接。8. Shift+Tab 组合键 移至上一选项或选项组。9. Ctrl+Tab 组合键或 Ctrl+Shift+Tab 组合键 选择下一个或者前一个工具栏。10. Ctrl+Tab 组合键或 Ctrl+Page Down 组合键 切换至对话框中的下一张选项卡。11. Alt+Tab 组合键 切换至下一个程序或 MicrosoftWord文档窗口。12. Alt+Shift+Tab 组合键 切换至上一个程序或 Microsoft Word 文档窗口。[1]13.Ctrl+Alt+Tab组合键 在打开的项目之间切换至下一个程序或 Microsoft Word 文档窗口并不自动关闭切换界面，也可以使用箭头键在打开的项目之间切换。（win8测试通过）14.Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Tab组合键 在打开的项目之间切换至上一个程序或 Microsoft Word 文档窗口并不自动关闭切换界面，也可以使用箭头键在打开的项目之间切换（win8测试通过）[2]它最基本的用法就是用来绘制无边框的表格。如下图 ，单词之间的间隔都是按下一次 Tab 键来实现的。它一般等于 8 个空格的长度，当它的前面有单词的时候，和单词长度加起来刚好能被 8 整除，如下图中最后一行。参考 百度百科 谅解。

1.达成;完成[U](不可数)achievementofanambition抱负的实现2.成就,成绩[C]（可数）Theinventionofthecomputerisagreatachievement.发明电脑是一大成就。

不一定

前面加了冠词 所以用复数

成绩测试

achieving 是用作动名词,表示达成,完成,实现的动作. achievement一般是指成就,业绩.表示一种结果. 整个句子是说---成功是某种事情的完成,实现. 不能说成功是某种事情的成就,业绩.