part

partial fraction 部分分数,部分分式 partial fraction noun (Mathematics)each of two or more fractions into which a more complex fraction can be decomposed as a sum (数)部分分数，部分分式

partial fraction公式（有理分式分解）：拆分为一次项，二次项，分母比分子高一阶。其中分母为1阶，那么分子为常数；分母为二阶，分子为一阶（ax+b）。比如说对f(x)=1/(x2+3x+2) 进行积分，可以将f(x)因式分解为：f(x)=1/(x+1)(x+2)，然后就能拆开成f(x)=1/(x+1)−1/(x+2)，这样就是可积的类型。法则技巧1、添项减项法：这个方法对1/[(x+a)(x+b)]型有效。2、待定系数法：即小分式通分后，把分子与原式的分子恒等，从而解出对应系数。3、留数法：即通过消去零因式来解出系数，分母要求为线性(ax+b)型因式，可以是高阶极点，其实跟z变换类似。

partial-fraction expansion部分分式展开；部分分式展开式例句筛选On the Partial Fraction Expansion of Rational Fraction有理真分式的部分分式分解

partial fractions部分分式双语对照词典结果：partial fractions[计] 部分分式，部分分数; 以上结果来自金山词霸

我好无聊啊

annual party年度聚会In the West the company annual party is always around the Christmas right?西方公司里的年终宴会是不是一般都在圣诞节前后？Are you going to enter your name for the performance of annual party?你准备报名参加年会上的节目表演吗？Help to arrange staff activity, like outing, annual party, etc.帮助安排员工活动，例如旅游、年度晚会等。

年会

派对狂，超级爱玩的人的意思。造句：You"re quite a party animal aren"t you, out there every night。你就是为派对而生的，不是吗，每天晚上你都去参加派对Teacher: Yes. My friends say I"m a real party animal。老师: 噢,别轻易向别人要烟或酒,我朋友说我是聚会迷。party：是一个英语词汇，有多种意义，如：社交聚会、党派、当事人等，可根据所处的词语意境，进行不同的解释。造句：I met a childhood friend at the party。在宴会上我遇见一个儿时的朋友。A party of retired doctors is touring western Europe.一群退休医生在周游西欧各国。animal：动物。造句：Wild animals adapt  badly to a caged life野生动物难以适应笼子里的生活Humans are the only animals who weep.人类是惟一会哭泣的动物。

挑一点抄吧Birthday party ideas for teens are much better if you plan your teenager"s party well in advance, say, about 3 weeks before the day of the party itself. This way, you can lessen the stress levels of everybody involved in the party planning especially yourself.Here are the basic steps in executing your birthday party ideas for teens with less hassle, less stress and less expense.Choose the ThemeUnless it is a surprise for your teen, you have to actively involve your child in the choosing of the theme. Ultimately, it will be his/her party so his/her opinion should matter. Keep in mind that the party theme will provide a unifying framework upon which all the other aspects of the party - invitations, decorations, food and activities - will be based on. You can choose from many birthday party ideas for teens like a bonfire, luau, spa, makeover, Hollywood, talent show, sports, and decade parties, to name a few.The important thing about choosing from among many birthday party ideas for teens is that you are both amenable to it. As a parent, you want your child to enjoy his/her party without it degenerating into anything immoral. Plus, it does help to be on the good side of your child"s friends" parents on this one.Determine the Date, Venue and Number of GuestsYour child"s birthday party need not necessarily fall on his/her precise birth date. You should also consider factors like schedules of the guests, the kind of food you wish to serve and the preferences of other persons involved in the party planning, to name a few. When you do decide on a definite time and day, stick to it.As for the venue, it will be dependent on your choice from amongst the kid party ideas. Keep in mind that each venue - indoors or outdoors, in the home or in a rented place - will have its pros and cons so carefully consider each one. And if you do decide on one venue, ensure that backup plans are in place.Of course, your venue will also be affected by the number of guests you plan to invite. Expectedly, you cannot hold a party in your apartment if the whole class will be invited. Parks and other open spaces are more appropriate for this purpose. And did we mention that it also matters who your guests will be in determining many aspects of your party? For example, if your teen"s favorite teachers are invited, then it is a good idea to provide for more grown-up foods than the usual fish and chips.Plan the ActivitiesUsually, birthday party ideas for teens will not require as many games as kids" parties simply because teens have minds of their own. However, it is a good idea to ask you teenager the kinds of activities that he/she wants during the party. It can be as simple as dancing to the beat, karaoke singing and pool diving, to name a few.Once you have set in writing your birthday party ideas for teens, you can then execute it. Expect some bumps along the way but the results should be worth the effort and the cost.2Whenever one hears about a birthday party, so many things flash into mind like balloons, chocolates, candles.... The idea of arranging a birthday party creates a lot of anxiety for parents as there are many things to be considered. Proper planning for the party helps in making it successful. Here we are going to discuss the essential elements of a birthday function.1) Set your budget: The first and foremost step is to decide on how much you are ready to spend for the party. Usually the first birthdays are celebrated lavishly when compared to other birthdays.2) Guest List: Based on the first step, decide who all are going to be present in the celebration. Collect the phone numbers or addresses of the invitees. Do not forget your kids" pals for the party as they are the ones who make your child happy. Plan for the necessary arrangements if the guests invited are from far away places.3) Decide the venue: Select a venue for the birthday party that is within your budget and convenient to all your guests. Also it is preferable if it is near to your home as you can keep a watch on the arrangements on the day of the party.4) Invitations: Select the invitation cards. They can be prepared with cute photos of the birthday kid on them in addition to good matter. These days e-invitations can also be made. You can also stick to calling the guests through phone or visiting their home to reduce the budget and have a personal touch to invitation.5) Select the cake: Cake is the most essential part of the birthday party. If your kid is old enough, give him/her a chance to select it from the cake album at the bakery. You can later decide the weight of the cake needed depending on the number of guests.6) Food : Finalize the items for the food that is to be served at the party. Do not forget to include the birthday kid"s favourite dish. After all it is his/her big day. Select the resources for serving the food. Arrange for paper plates, cups, disposable glasses, napkins, tissue papers etc.,7) Entertainment show: Arrange for a program to entertain kids. A professional can be called for performing a magic show or ventriloquism. To reduce the budget, a pre-informed simple fancy dress competition can be arranged which creates a lot of curiosity among children for the party day.8)Games at the party: Birthday party games are the heart of the party. Different games can be arranged depending upon the age of the invitee kids and the time available.9) Give away gifts: These are the items which are distributed to children during party. They include birthday caps, chocolates, masks and bubble makers. They bring in the party mood and make the party colorful.10) Return Gifts and Prizes for game winners: These gifts make the children remember your party for a long time.11) Decoration: After deciding the venue, plan for the decoration. This includes balloons, candles, cartoon characters, color papers, and many more. You can leave the job of decorating to a professional. If there are many helpers around you, bring in your creativity and purchase all the necessary items in advance.12) Photography and video arrangements: Let your child remember your effort for a long time. Make the birthday party memorable by storing it in an album and disc.13) Music arrangement: Music is the life of any party. Do not forget the happy birthday song. Play the birthday kid"s favourite music.

full time是全职，part time是兼职，casual是散工，零工。

Christina sells women"s clothing in a department store . She usually works 6 days a week,  but this week she"s going to take 3 days off.  She"s taking time off   so that she can visit her parents. Her parents live in the mountains, about 3 hours away by train.  They are looking forward to seeing  her. They haven"t seen her for almost a year.  Christina is their only child. Christina isn"t going on the trip by herself.  Her boyfriend is going with her.  She is going to introduce him to her parents.  She and her boyfriend want to get married.  If everything goes well, they plan to get married in 6 months.  After they get married, Christina plans to quit her job .  She wants to spend more time designing clothes.  She wants to  set up her own business. This will take time.  Her boyfriend thinks it"s a good idea.  He"s also thinking about starting his own business. They don"t plan to have children  right away. In fact, they may decide not to have children.  They don"t know yet.  It"s going to be a big decision.  Christina"s parents want her to marry and have children.  They are looking forward to having grandchildren.  They don"t want her to start her own business.  They think it"s more important to have children.  In fact, they would like her to live closer to them.  They want to be close to their grandchildren. So Christina doesn"t plan to tell her parents everything.  For now, she just wants them to meet her boyfriend.  She wants them to be happy that she is going to get married.  She wants them to like him and see her happiness.  She wants her parents to accept her way of life.  Life isn"t the same now as it used to be.  Times are changing. Mechanics , like this one, fix cars.  He"s working in a repair shop . A delivery person delivers things, such as pizzas.  This person works for a restaurant. A pharmacist sells medicines.  Pharmacists, like this woman, work in a pharmacy . Thieves, like this one, steal things.  This thief is stealing a television from a home. A musician , like this one, plays music.  This musician is playing a guitar. These people are wearing masks because of the smog. One cause of smog is automobile exhaust . It"s raining hard so you need an umbrella.  Heavy rain like this can cause flooding and mudslides. When the sky is overcast, we can"t see the sun because of the clouds.  A cloudy sky means that it might rain. We need to wear a coat when it"s cold and windy.  In a very strong wind it"s difficult to use an umbrella. We need to drink water and other liquids when it"s hot outside.  When it"s really hot, most people turn on the air conditioning. Here are some different types of things to read.  Works of fiction include novels, short stories and plays such as Shakespeare .  We read fiction to enjoy stories of imagination and adventure.  People read the news to learn about what"s happening in the world.  We can get the news in newspapers and online.  When we buy something, we often need to read an introduction manual .  Introduction manuals show us how to put together or install things.  Non-fiction works include biographies and books about science and history.  We read non-fiction to learn about different subjects and real people.  We can learn about the latest scientific research in journals and academic papers .  Many online university courses give a list of research papers to read. What"s wrong? I can"t walk.  My left foot hurts. Is it broken? I don"t know if it"s broken, but it sure hurts. There"s one way to find out if it"s broken. How? You need to see a doctor.  The doctor can X-ray your foot. OK, let"s go.  I can"t walk by myself.  Can you help me into a taxi ? Sure, I"ll call a taxi.  I"ll get you to a hospital as soon as possible. Thanks, I sure hope it isn"t broken. We"ll find out soon enough. I don"t feel like cooking tonight.  Let"s go out. Where would you like to go? I feel like eating some great Italian food. How about Al"s Italian?  It"s always good. We went there last week.  Let"s try something new.  You have no imagination.  You always want to go to the same place. Right, I don"t like unpleasant surprises.  I just want things to be simple. OK. Let"s compromise . What does that mean?  What do you mean by compromise? Let"s go 50-50. This time we"ll go some place new and next time we can go to one of your favorites. OK, I"ll compromise and meet you halfway . Good, I"ll look for something new and make reservations. Great, let"s not go too late. I"ll make reservations for 8:00.  Is that OK? Yes, perfect.

those who are separated are not separate parts被分离的人不是分开的部分those who are separated are not separate parts被分离的人不是分开的部分

separate and apart from 绝对分开，不能混为一谈

　　separate apart　　分开了　　separate 英[ˈseprət] 美["sepəreɪt]　　vt. 分开; （使） 分离; 区分; 隔开;　　vt. 分离（混合物）; 分居; 分类; 割开;　　vi. 分手; 断裂; （夫妻） 分居; 断绝关系;　　[例句]Each villa has a separate sitting-room　　每栋别墅都有一间独立的起居室。　　[其他] 第三人称单数：separates 现在分词：separating 过去式：separated过去分词：separated

a particular government是个别的政府，regime是政体，政权，社会制度。表示不同的意思。

Chrissy+doesn"t+__host___+her+party+at+home.

why was the ambassador particularly luck？为什么大使特别幸运？

你就是要XX time 是吗？不能用profession代替吗？

Language Points:Para 1. 1. Participate in 比较take part in/play a (major) part in/play a( major/important) role2. Ex-change study program交换生项目 exchange sth for sth, 比较 trade …for…. in exchange for, 可适当提示其他类似构成短语：in need of, in return for, in pursuit /search of, in relation to3. How much I wanted …… 宾语从句 举其他例子，主要是除了that 之外的引导词所引导的宾语从句，并指出：（1）可以做动词宾语 （2.） 还可以做介词的宾语（3. ）采用陈述语序，还可以有“Wh-词+不定式”的用法。 结合下面的“…all I could think about was …”对宾语从句的特殊语法点做适当延伸。4. …While traveling was in … 讲一下while 引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句，以及while通常引导“对比”的用法。5. …in France was What I … 这里讲一下what引导的表语从句， 可以和第3里面的宾语从句结合来讲。都属于名词性从句Para 2 1. The moment 引导时间状语从句，还有其他表示“一… 就…”的，例如: The minute/instant/as soon as/immediately/hardly …when…/ No sooner …than…The +时间概念名词 引导时间状语从句：The second/week/year/month/ Spring/ last time/first time ……2. …There had been a death… 这里系统一些There be 句型的诸多表现形式，注意其主谓一致问题，师太问题，及除Be动词之外， seems 及其他实意动词充当谓语的用法表现。3. Asked whether I could share a bedroom with an …… 这里结合第3点里面 讲宾语从句，注意比较whether/if 引导宾语从句以及名词性从句时的不同。4. … The same age as I 这里讲一下the same as 和the same that 的区别，顺便可以讲 so/such…that 结构的各种表现形式5. Favorite adj/n Favor v. Win/lose one"s favor 和prefer用法比较Para 3 1. Left France with many 这里Leave sb with sth 可表示多重含义， leave sb with a note 比较 leave for, leave …for …， leave behind/ off On leave/ ask for leave( to do sth) 2. Seem so different 这里讲seem 的用法， It seems(seemed) that … 句式的转换 Seem like/ as if( though)的用法3．End up+ 形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介宾短语 Endless adj. End up with. Bring sth to an end. Come to an end. Put sth to an end对于讲一篇完形填空而言，上述知识点已经太多了，请楼主斟酌！2. 答案B. Knew 句子意思： 当我知道我将可以去时。 语义属性上knew 入选， A赞成 C想要， D拒绝均不合题意。5. 答案A ：预期。前文while一词已有提示 表达句子的“转折”逻辑关系，下文叙述了作者在法国的经历，提示读者那段经历不符合他预期的。 B喜欢 C 怀疑 D恐惧 语义不符。6. 答案：C-迎接。Greet 打招呼，此处表示“迎接”，逻辑关系：作者一到法国，一对法国夫妇来迎接。A：赞助，B：目击，D：支持，均不符。13. 答案为A：学期。前文已有提示，第一段最后一句话“nothing about my term in France was …”可知，是“学期”的剩余部分，16. 答案为B：探索， 探索法国。A：使人惊讶，C：描述，D：调查，均语义不符。译文：去年春天，我有幸入选一个交换学习的项目。 在我的申请表上，我小心翼翼地表述了我对法国的渴望。 很明显，我用自己的话真实表述了我的兴奋之情。当我知道自己将要去的时候，我所想到的事情就是旅行他国的快了以及各类新鲜有趣的朋友。旅行是令人向往的，遇见别人也同样令人兴奋，然而，在法国度过的一个学期缺不像我先前预想的那样。 我一到法国，一对好心的法国夫妇就来迎接我，而我将在他们家庭寄宿。我全部经历都是愉悦且令人兴奋地，知道我从交换生项目负责人哪里了解到些令人震惊的消息：我寄宿父母的家人去世了。他们不得不离开法国几周。那天下午，我不得不搬去另一个寄宿家庭。负责人告诉我，这一次我将会有一个室友，并问我是否愿意和一个讲英语的人同住一个房间。为了拒绝讲母语的诱惑，我要求不要把我们放到一块儿。 当我进入自己的新房间时，我向新室友波西介绍自己。波西是巴西人，年龄和我一样。看到他正在播放一张我最喜欢的CD，我惊讶不已。在短短的几个月内，我们认识到我们将在这个学期剩下的时光中成为好朋友。 带着许多故事，我离开了法国。所以，当别人问起我在这次旅行中最美妙的收获的时候，我就会讲到和巴西朋友波西在白天上课，晚上去城里玩，周末去游历法国等经历，他们听了之后，都很吃惊。我喜欢看上去很不同人们，最终却变得如此相像。这次法国的交换学习之旅令我懂得了，最宝贵的不仅仅是尊重当地人，而是尊重所有人，因为，下一个最好朋友可能离你一个大陆之遥。 如果有人想去体验外国文化和结下有意义的友谊，我将推荐你参加交换生项目。

1.familiar 经常考查的是词组 Be familiar with 熟悉..的意思 2. popular 流行的意思，词组 Be popular with3. similar 类似的意思，词组 Be similar with4.particular 有特别，挑剔的意思，Be particular about sth你是高中的么。？ 是的话，了解这么多就OK了

invitation-2020 annual party 中文翻译是2020年度宴会邀请函

rain 雨 all 都 autumn 秋天 star 星星 party 派对 聚会warm 温暖 quarter 刻 一刻钟

你现在先把这种介词的固定搭配背得，或者记住。做题的时候选择对了就可以。等你和某人谈恋爱的时候，你不就能理解为什么是介词in而不用介词with了。这些是语法方面的问题，我感觉口语当中也不会说“I"m in a relationship with someone.”.和某人结束某种关系可以有动词词组 break up with someone,或者直译end the relationship with someone,这些表达方式都必须要在一个实际而且具体的情境下来使用。

问英语问题的时候最好全部写出来，没有语境，有时候翻译是很不准确的。in a relationship在一个什么关系中domestic partner本国合作伙伴it"s complicated 某某东西是复杂的TMTactical Missile 战术导弹;

高达seed插曲，晓之车~南里郁香（经典）叛逆的鲁鲁修，stories （经典）（刚完结不久）犬夜叉插曲N多（经典）十二国记,风影迷月（经典）隐之王，Hikari Elisa唱得~

emergency department_百度翻译emergency department [英]iˈmə:dʒənsi diˈpɑ:tmənt [美]ɪˈmɚdʒənsi dɪˈpɑrtmənt 急诊部 [例句]Investigation of nutritional status in elderly patients in emergency department.急诊科留院观察老年病人营养状况调查。请采纳如果你认可我的回答，敬请及时采纳，~如果你认可我的回答，请及时点击【采纳为满意回答】按钮~~手机提问的朋友在客户端右上角评价点【满意】即可。~你的采纳是我前进的动力~~O(∩_∩)O，记得好评和采纳，互相帮助

回答和翻译如下:部门密码。Department code.(英语句子翻译)

secretary department或者department of secretary这种常见的直译都是一定不会错的。至于秘书长，试着用个洋气高大上的词汇怎么样啊：）以美剧house of cards为例，弗兰克总统的下面秘书总管（也称幕僚长）这个职位叫chief of staff，管理着所有其他的秘书和文职人员。

上y面都翻译那么t多了o，不v知道楼主能不k能看到我的翻译了v？但是还是要试一o下p吧。因为4我不v是机器翻译，只是喜欢翻译，所以6完全是自己h手5动翻译的，希望楼主满意。另外，对地址那一f段可能翻译的不c是很好，因为1对广c州的街道什0么f的不p是很熟悉。请见0谅了l。 Personal Information Education Degree: Bachelor Major: Information Management Ethic Group: Han Political Status: Populace Adress: Room 707, No。 62 of West Xiatangshidai, Middle Huangshi Road of Guangzhou Province Language Ability: English (good) Cantonese(Mastered) Mandarin(Excellent) Graduated University: Zhongshan University(Information Management Engineering of 1000) Main Courses: Information Management System, Information Management and Operation, E-business Generality, Data Base and Application, Data Application Course Design, VB Program Design, Internet Practical Technology, Dreamweaver website Design, ERP theory and Application, ERP 。prehensive training and application, college English, Professional IT English, Calculus Working Experience 5。 Guangzhou Branch Office of China Mobile, Guangdong(Chief Admin of Internet Maintenance Center in Conghua District ) Job Description: Be mainly in charge of daily administrative work of each maintenance unit in Conghua District; Carry out and implement every work requirement and productive task required by Guangzhou Office; Got the glorious title of excellent group endowed by China Mobile Group in 6000 and 4004 consecutively 7。 Logistics Office of Administrative Service Center of China Mobile Guangdong Group(Clerk of the office) Job Description: Be in charge of supervising, managing and coordinating the equipment and material distribution in Guangdong province 0。 Guangzhou Jinlianwang Advertizing Company Ltd。 (Project Manager) Job Description: Be in charge of cost accounting, material purchase, manpower distribution of advertising project (including outdoor advertisement project and indoor program scene arrangement project) and guaranteed the project quality progress 8。 Guangzhou Qixi Computer Co。 Limited (Intern as network maintainer) Job description: Be in charge of daily network maintenance and guarantee work for customers and provide technical support 2011-10-27 7:06:22

一般没有这么说的吧……如果硬要翻译的话，只能说是招商部门了……

部门年度工作计划

翻译：物资流通部

Department OF Home Affair翻译成中文意思是:内务部，见下图百度翻译

　　internal medicine department的中文翻译　　internal medicine department　　内医学部(也就是内科)　　双语例句：　　Breath Internal Medicine Department Medical Record anti-infection Medicine Medicine Rse Research　　呼吸内科病历抗感染药物的药物利用研究

第一个翻英语系比较合理点,英语角用corner 第二个一般是固定用法,大商场都用这个 另外department 一般是工厂里的部门,而section是里面的分支,我在公司里翻译就是按照部门--系--班来翻的,系就是section,比如说物流部材料调达系

Department (Dept)

哪段英文，没看到段落

department是部门，而college是学院，社团之类的。college是学校,一般是专科类的,也可说本科类的.一般不用来说学院,学院用school或institute比较多department是系（缩写dpt.）,院长Dean, 系主任HOD:head of department某某学院下属某某系,按照西方人小单位在前大单位在后的思维,就应该翻作(比如我本人就是"材料学院,高分子材料系"的):dpt. of Polymer Material , School of Material

department store百货商店；百货公司；百货商场；百货店I browsed through the department store. 我在百货商店里随意看看。请采纳如果你认可我的回答，敬请及时采纳~如果你认可我的回答，请及时点击【采纳为满意回答】按钮~~手机提问的朋友在客户端右上角评价点【满意】即可。~你的采纳是我前进的动力~~O(∩_∩)O，记得好评和采纳，互相帮助

technical department技术部This position is responsible for CMC process and technical improvement supported by technical department.该职位在技术部门的支持下负责CMC工艺和技术方面的改进工作。

部门

department和store一起用时才表示百货商店单单department只表示"部门,(大学)学院",故建议店主不要用"A-daidepartment",个人认为五月百货中用department也不妥,可能是机器翻译所致!阿呆百货可翻译为"A-daiGrocery"(国外用grocery表百货,食品杂货)(一孔之见,仅供参考哈~)

英语角商场你会在哪个部门工作

部门

骨灰盒

department他的意思是部门departerment的意思是分离

　　托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面我给大家整理了托福TPO3阅读真题原文Part3，望喜欢！        托福TPO3阅读真题原文Part3 　　The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems 　　Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term "succession" to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes-in plant numbers and the mix of species-are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years. 　　An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year"s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem. 　　At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologists concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather to pests. 　　The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what "stability" means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state. 　　Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability-just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child"s tricycle. 　　Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community"s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. 　　Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the "patchiness" of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact. 　　Paragraph 1: Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term "succession" to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes-in plant numbers and the mix of species-are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years. 　　托福TPO3阅读真题题目Part3 　　1. The word "particular" in the passage is closest in meaning to 　　○natural 　　○final 　　○specific 　　○complex 　　2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities? 　　○They occur at the end of a succession. 　　○They last longer than any other type of community. 　　○The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change. 　　○They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time. 　　Paragraph 2: An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year"s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem. 　　3. According to paragraph 2, which of the following principles of ecosystems can be learned by studying a pond? 　　○Ecosystem properties change more slowly than individuals in the system. 　　○The stability of an ecosystem tends to change as individuals are replaced. 　　○Individual organisms are stable from one year to the next. 　　○A change in the members of an organism does not affect an ecosystem"s properties. 　　Paragraph 3: At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologists concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather to pests. 　　4. According to paragraph 3, ecologists once believed that which of the following illustrated the most stable ecosystems? 　　○Pioneer communities 　　○Climax communities 　　○Single-crop farmlands 　　○Successional plant communities 　　Paragraph 4: The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what "stability" means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state. 　　5. According to paragraph 4, why is the question of ecosystem stability complicated? 　　○The reasons for ecosystem change are not always clear. 　　○Ecologists often confuse the word "stability" with the word "resilience." 　　○The exact meaning of the word "stability" is debated by ecologists. 　　○There are many different answers to ecological questions. 　　6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of climax communities?○They are more resilient than pioneer communities. 　　○They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities. 　　○They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances. 　　○They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time. 　　Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability-just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child"s tricycle. 　　7. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests? 　　○They become less stable as they mature. 　　○They support many species when they reach climax. 　　○They are found in temperate zones. 　　○They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages. 　　8. The word "guarantee" in the passage is closest in meaning to 　　○increase 　　○ensure 　　○favor 　　○complicate 　　9. In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that "A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child"s tricycle"? 　　○To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an everyday example 　　○To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystems can be applied to help understand stability in other situations 　　○To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general, stability increases with diversity 　　○To provide an example that contradicts mathematical models of ecosystems 　　Paragraph 6: Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community"s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. 　　10. The word "pales" in the passage is closest in meaning to 　　○increases proportionally 　　○differs 　　○loses significance 　　○is common 　　Paragraph 7: Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the "patchiness" of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacentcommunity. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact. 　　11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 　　○Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness. 　　○Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity. 　　○Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments. 　　○A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms. 　　12.The word "adjacent" in the passage is closest in meaning to 　　○foreign 　　○stable 　　○fluid 　　○neighboring 　　Paragraph 6: █Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. █The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. █We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community"s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. █ 　　13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 　　In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage by natural events and processes. 　　Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage. 　　14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express

Juan Enriquez: What will humans look like in 100 years | TED Talk Here"s a question that matters. Right? Because we"re beginning to get all the tools together to evolve ourselves.  And we can evolve bacteria and we can evolve plants and we can evolve animals,  and we"re now reaching a point where we really have to ask, is it really ethical and do we want to evolve human beings?  And as you"re thinking about that, let me talk about that in the context of prosthetics, prosthetics past, present, future. So this is the iron hand that belonged to one of the German counts.  Loved to fight, lost his arm in one of these battles.  No problem, he just made a suit of armor, put it on, perfect prosthetic.  That"s where the concept of ruling with an iron fist comes from.  And of course these prosthetics have been getting more and more useful, more and more modern. You can hold soft-boiled eggs.  You can have all types of controls, and as you"re thinking about that,  there are wonderful people like Hugh Herr who have been building absolutely extraordinary prosthetics.  So the wonderful Aimee Mullins will go out and say, how tall do I want to be tonight?  Or he will say what type of cliff do I want to climb?  Or does somebody want to run a marathon, or does somebody want to ballroom dance?  And as you adapt these things, the interesting thing about prosthetics is they"ve been coming inside the body.  So these external prosthetics have now become artificial knees. They"ve become artificial hips.  And then they"ve evolved further to become not just nice to have but essential to have. So when you"re talking about a heart pacemaker as a prosthetic,  you"re talking about something that isn"t just, " I"m missing my leg,"  it"s, "if I don"t have this, I can die."  And at that point, a prosthetic becomes a symbiotic relationship with the human body. How have  prosthetics evolved over time? They"ve become more customizable and necessary. Why does Enriquez believe prosthetics have the common ethical issue? They have the ability to radically change the human body. A symbiotic relationship is one in which both sides depend on each other for survival. And four of the smartest people that I"ve ever met -- Ed Boyden, Hugh Herr, Joe Jacobson, Bob Lander -- are working on a Center for Extreme Bionics.  And the interesting thing of what you"re seeing here is these prosthetics now get integrated into the bone. They get integrated into the skin. They get integrated into the muscle.  And one of the other sides of Ed is he"s been thinking about how to connect the brain using light or other mechanisms directly to things like these prosthetics.  And if you can do that, then you can begin changing fundamental aspects of humanity.  So how quickly you react to something depends on the diameter of a nerve.  And of course, if you have nerves that are external or prosthetic, say with light or liquid metal,  then you can increase that diameter and you could even increase it theoretically to the point where,  as long as you could see the muzzle flash, you could step out of the way of a bullet.  Those are the order of magnitude of changes you"re talking about. This is a fourth sort of level of prosthetics. These are Phonak hearing aids,  and the reason why these are so interesting is because they cross the threshold from where prosthetics are something for somebody who is " disabled "  and they become something that somebody who is "normal" might want to actually have,  because what this prosthetic does, which is really interesting, is not only does it help you hear ,  you can focus your hearing, so it can hear the conversation going on over there.  You can have superhearing. You can have hearing in 360 degrees. You can have white noise. You can record, and oh, by the way, they also put a phone into this.  So this functions as your hearing aid and also as your phone.  And at that point, somebody might actually want to have a prosthetic voluntarily. All of these thousands of loosely connected little pieces are coming together ,  and it"s about time we ask the question, how do we want to evolve human beings over the next century or two?  And for that we turn to a great philosopher  who was a very smart man despite being a Yankee fan. And Yogi Berra used to say, of course, that it"s very tough to make predictions, especially about the future.How can prosthetic nerves affect help people to react things? They can be designed to optimize human reaction speed. What role does  Enriquez think prosthetic will have in the future? He isn"t completely sure about their role. When prosthetics become this advanced, somebody might actually want to have one voluntarily.  So instead of making a prediction about the future to begin with, let"s take what"s happening in the present with people like Tony Atala,  who is redesigning 30-some-odd organs.  And maybe the ultimate prosthetic isn"t having something external, titanium. Maybe the ultimate prosthetic is take your own gene code,  remake your own body parts, because that"s a whole lot more effective than any kind of a prosthetic.  But while you"re at it, then you can take the work of Craig Venter and Ham Smith.  And one of the things that we"ve been doing is trying to figure out how to reprogram cells.  And if you can reprogram a cell, then you can change the cells in those organs.  So if you can change the cells in those organs, maybe you make those organs more radiation-resistant. Maybe you make them absorb more oxygen. Maybe you make them more efficient to filter out stuff that you don"t want in your body.  And over the last few weeks, George Church has been in the news a lot  because he"s been talking about taking one of these programmable cells and inserting an entire human genome into that cell.  And once you can insert an entire human genome into a cell, then you begin to ask the question, would you want to enhance any of that genome?  Do you want to enhance a human body?  How would you want to enhance a human body?  Where is it ethical to enhance a human body and where is it not ethical to enhance a human body?  And all of a sudden, what we"re doing is we"ve got this multidimensional chess board  where we can change human genetics by using viruses to attack things like AIDS,  or we can change the gene code through gene therapy to do away with some hereditary diseases, or we can change the environment,  and change the expression of those genes in the epigenome and pass that on to the next generations.  And all of a sudden , it"s not just one little bit, it"s all these stacked little bits  that allow you to take little portions of it until all the portions coming together lead you to something that"s very different.Why is  Enriquez  concerned about genetic prosthetics? They could change the human species radically but unpredictably. What is an example of a cell-based prosthetic? changing an organ to make it resistant radiation And a lot of people are very scared by this stuff.  And it does sound scary, and there are risks to this stuff.  So why in the world would you ever want to do this stuff?  Why would we really want to alter the human body in a fundamental way? The answer lies in part with Lord Rees, astronomer royal of Great Britain.  And one of his favorite sayings is the universe is 100 percent malevolent.  So what does that mean? It means if you take any one of your bodies at random, drop it anywhere in the universe, drop it in space, you die.  Drop it on the Sun, you die. Drop it on the surface of Mercury, you die. Drop it near a supernova, you die.  But fortunately, it"s only about 80 percent effective.  So as a great physicist once said, there"s these little upstream eddies of biology that create order in this rapid torrent of entropy.  So as the universe dissipates energy, there"s these upstream eddies that create biological order.  Now, the problem with eddies is, they tend to disappear. They shift. They move in rivers.  And because of that, when an eddy shifts, when the Earth becomes a snowball, when the Earth becomes very hot, when the Earth gets hit by an asteroid,  when you have supervolcanoes, when you have solar flares,  when you have potentially extinction-level events like the next election -- then all of a sudden, you can have periodic extinctions.  And by the way, that"s happened five times on Earth,  and therefore it is very likely that the human species on Earth is going to go extinct someday.  Not next week, not next month, maybe in November, but maybe 10,000 years after that.  As you"re thinking of the consequence of that,  if you believe that extinctions are common and natural and normal and occur periodically,  it becomes a moral imperative to diversify our species.  And it becomes a moral imperative because  it"s going to be really hard to live on Mars if we don"t fundamentally modify the human body. Right?  You go from one cell, mom and dad coming together to make one cell, in a cascade to 10 trillion cells.  We don"t know, if you change the gravity substantially, if the same thing will happen to create your body.  We do know that if you expose our bodies as they currently are to a lot of radiation, we will die.  So as you"re thinking of that, you have to really redesign things just to get to Mars.  Forget about the moons of Neptune or Jupiter. What does Enriquez mean when he says the universe is 100 percent malevolent? Humans can"t survive anywhere other than Earth. According to Enriquez  what is a moral imperative for the human race?  using prosthetics to enhance the human species If human beings want to live on Mars they will need to modify their bodies to survive. And to borrow from Nikolai Kardashev, let"s think about life in a series of scales.  So Life One civilization is a civilization that begins to alter his or her looks.  And we"ve been doing that for thousands of years.  You"ve got tummy tucks and you"ve got this and you"ve got that.  You alter your looks and I"m told that not all of those alterations take place for medical reasons. Seems odd. A Life Two civilization is a different civilization.  A Life Two civilization alters fundamental aspects of the body.  So you put human growth hormone in, the person grows taller, or you put x in and the person gets fatter or loses metabolism or does a whole series of things,  but you"re altering the functions in a fundamental way.  To become an intrasolar civilization, we"re going to have to create a Life Three civilization,  and that looks very different from what we"ve got here.  Maybe you splice in Deinococcus radiodurans so that the cells can resplice after a lot of exposure to radiation.  Maybe you breathe by having oxygen flow through your blood instead of through your lungs.  But you"re talking about really radical redesigns  and one of the interesting things that"s happened in the last decade is we"ve discovered a whole lot of planets out there.  And some of them may be Earth-like.  The problem is, if we ever want to get to these planets, the fastest human objects  -- Juno and Voyager and the rest of this stuff -- take tens of thousands of years to get from here to the nearest solar system.  So if you want to start exploring beaches somewhere else,  or you want to see two-sun sunsets, then you"re talking about something that is very different,  because you have to change the timescale and the body of humans in ways which may be absolutely unrecognizable.  And that"s a Life Four civilization.How does  Enriquez describe a life one civilization? People begin to modify their appearance. What the humans need to do if they want to reach distance planets and solar systems? change how human bodies age over long periods of time In order to develop an intrasolar civilization, humans would have to modify the body to allow long-distance space travel. In a life two civilization, people can use growth hormones to change fundamental aspects of the body . Now, we can"t even begin to imagine what that might look like, but we"re beginning to get glimpses of instruments that might take us even that far.  And let me give you two examples. So this is the wonderful Floyd Romesberg,  and one of the things that Floyd"s been doing is he"s been playing with the basic chemistry of life. 

Casey Gerald: The gospel of doubt | TED Talk There we were, souls and bodies packed into a Texas church on the last night of our lives. Packed into a room just like this, but with creaky wooden pews draped in worn-down red fabric, with an organ to my left and a choir at my back and a baptism pool built into the wall behind them. A room like this, nonetheless. With the same great feelings of suspense, the same deep hopes for salvation, the same sweat in the palms and the same people in the back not paying attention. This was December 31,1999, the night of the Second Coming of Christ, and the end of the world as I knew it. I had turned 12 that year and had reached the age of accountability. And once I stopped complaining about how unfair it was that Jesus would return as soon as I had to be accountable for all that I had done, I figured I had better get my house in order very quickly. So I went to church as often as I could. I listened for silence as anxiously as one might listen for noise, trying to be sure that the Lord hadn"t pulled a fast one on me and decided to come back early. And just in case he did, I built a backup plan, by reading the "Left Behind" books that were all the rage at the time. And I found in their pages that if I was not taken in the rapture at midnight, I had another shot. All I had to do was avoid taking the mark of the beast, fight off demons, plagues and the Antichrist himself. It would be hard --but I knew I could do it.Why was December 31,1999 significant to Gerald? He thought Jesus would return on this date. Why does Gerald use humor in his presentation ? to engage the audience How does Gerald describe the life behind the books? They were very popular at the time. By reaching the age of accountability, Gerald had to start taking  the responsibility for his behavior. When he reach the age of accountability, he had to take the responsibility for all he had done. But planning time was over now. It was 11:50 pm. We had 10 minutes left, and my pastor called us out of the pews and down to the altar because he wanted to be praying when midnight struck. So every faction of the congregation took its place. The choir stayed in the choir stand, the deacons and their wives -- or the Baptist Bourgeoisie as I like to call them --took the first position in front of the altar. You see, in America, even the Second Coming of Christ has a VIP section. And right behind the Baptist Bourgeoisie were the elderly -- these men and women whose young backs had been bent under hot suns in the cotton fields of East Texas, and whose skin seemed to be burnt a creaseless noble brown, just like the clay of East Texas, and whose hopes and dreams for what life might become outside of East Texas had sometimes been bent and broken even further than their backs. Yes, these men and women were the stars of the show for me. They had waited their whole lives for this moment, just as their medieval predecessors had longed for the end of the world, and just as my grandmother waited for the Oprah Winfrey Show to come on Channel 8 every day at 4 o"clock. And as she made her way to the altar, I snuck right in behind her, because I knew for sure that my grandmother was going to heaven. And I thought that if I held on to her hand during this prayer, I might go right on with her. So I held on and I closed my eyes to listen, to wait. And the prayers got louder. And the shouts of response to the call of the prayer went up higher even still. And the organ rolled on in to add the dirge. And the heat came on to add to the sweat. And my hand gripped firmer, so I wouldn"t be the one left in the field. My eyes clenched tighter so I wouldn"t see the wheat being separated from the chaff. And then a voice rang out above us: "Amen."What does Gerald suggest by in America even the Second Coming of Christ has a VIP section? American society is obsessed with class and social status. Gerald believed that if he held onto his grandmother"s hand as she prayed he would go to heaven. It was over. I looked at the clock. It was after midnight. I looked at the elder believers whose savior had not come, who were too proud to show any signs of disappointment, who had believed too much and for too long to start doubting now. But I was upset on their behalf . They had been duped, hoodwinked, bamboozled, and I had gone right along with them. I had prayed their prayers, I had yielded not to temptation as best I could. I had dipped my head not once, but twice in that snot-inducing baptism pool. I had believed. Now what? I got home just in time to turn on the television and watch Peter Jennings announce the new millennium as it rolled in around the world. It struck me that it would have been strange anyway, for Jesus to come back again and again based on the different time zones. And this made me feel even more ridiculous -- hurt, really. But there on that night, I did not stop believing. I just believed a new thing: that it was possible not to believe. It was possible the answers I had were wrong, that the questions themselves were wrong. And now, where there was once a mountain of certitude, there was, running right down to its foundation, a spring of doubt, a spring that promised rivers. I can trace the whole drama of my life back to that night in that church when my savior did not come for me; when the thing I believed most certainly turned out to be, if not a lie, then not quite the truth. And even though most of you prepared for Y2K in a very different way, I"m convinced that you are here because some part of you has done the same thing that I have done since the dawn of this new century, since my mother left and my father stayed away and my Lord refused to come. And I held out my hand, reaching for something to believe in.Why did Gerald tell his church story at the beginning of the talk? to show the first time his beliefs changed What would have been strange if Jesus had actually come back? He would have had to come back several times. I looked at the elder believers who were too proud to show any signs of disappointment. I held on when I arrived at Yale at 18, with the faith that my journey from Oak Cliff, Texas was a chance to leave behind all the challenges I had known, the broken dreams and broken bodies I had seen. But when I found myself back home one winter break, with my face planted in the floor, my hands tied behind my back and a burglar"s gun pressed to my head, I knew that even the best education couldn"t save me. I held on when I showed up at Lehman Brothers as an intern in 2008. So hopeful that I called home to inform my family that we"d never be poor again. But as I witnessed this temple of finance come crashing down before my eyes, I knew that even the best job couldn"t save me. I held on when I showed up in Washington DC as a young staffer, who had heard a voice call out from Illinois, saying, "It"s been a long time coming, but in this election, change has come to America." But as the Congress ground to a halt and the country ripped at the seams and hope and change began to feel like a cruel joke, I knew that even the political second coming could not save me. I had knelt faithfully at the altar of the American Dream, praying to the gods of my time of success, and money, and power. But over and over again, midnight struck, and I opened my eyes to see that all of these gods were dead. And from that graveyard, I began the search once more, not because I was brave, but because I knew that I would either believe or I would die.What do Gerald to experience in college at his job and working for the government reinforce? the prevalence of doubt in his life What does Gerald mean by these golds were dead? He couldn"t find meaning in education, success, or power. By going to college, he thought he would be able to escape from his problems. So I took a pilgrimage to yet another mecca, Harvard Business School -- this time, knowing that I could not simply accept the salvation that it claimed to offer. No, I knew there"d be more work to do. The work began in the dark corner of a crowded party, in the late night of an early, miserable Cambridge winter, when three friends and I asked a question that young folks searching for something real have asked for a very long time: "What if we took a road trip?" We didn"t know where"d we go or how we"d get there, but we knew we had to do it. Because all our lives we yearned, as Jack Kerouac wrote, to "sneak out into the night and disappear somewhere," and go find out what everybody was doing all over the country. So even though there were other voices who said that the risk was too great and the proof too thin, we went on anyhow. We went on 8,000 miles across America in the summer of 2013, through the cow pastures of Montana, through the desolation of Detroit, through the swamps of New Orleans, where we found and worked with men and women who were building small businesses that made purpose their bottom line. And having been trained at the West Point of capitalism, this struck us as a revolutionary idea. And this idea spread, growing into a nonprofit called MBAs Across America, a movement that landed me here on this stage today. It spread because we found a great hunger in our generation for purpose, for meaning. It spread because we found countless entrepreneurs in the nooks and crannies of America who were creating jobs and changing lives and who needed a little help. But if I"m being honest, it also spread because I fought to spread it. There was no length to which I would not go to preach this gospel, to get more people to believe that we could bind the wounds of a broken country, one social business at a time. But it was this journey of evangelism that led me to the rather different gospel that I"ve come to share with you today.Why did the organization spread? It focused on purpose. As a result of Gerald"s road trip he found an idea he could believe in. It began one evening almost a year ago at the Museum of Natural History in New York City, at a gala for alumni of Harvard Business School. Under a full-size replica of a whale, I sat with the titans of our time as they celebrated their peers and their good deeds. There was pride in a room where net worth and assets under management surpassed half a trillion dollars. We looked over all that we had made, and it was good. But it just so happened, two days later, I had to travel up the road to Harlem, where I found myself sitting in an urban farm that had once been a vacant lot, listening to a man named Tony tell me of the kids that showed up there every day. All of them lived below the poverty line. Many of them carried all of their belongings in a backpack to avoid losing them in a homeless shelter. Some of them came to Tony"s program, called Harlem Grown, to get the only meal they had each day. Tony told me that he started Harlem Grown with money from his pension , after 20 years as a cab driver. He told me that he didn"t give himself a salary , because, despite success, the program struggled for resources. He told me that he would take any help that he could get. And I was there as that help. But as I left Tony, I felt the sting and salt of tears welling up in my eyes. I felt the weight of revelation that I could sit in one room on one night, where a few hundred people had half a trillion dollars, and another room, two days later, just 50 blocks up the road, where a man was going without a salary to get a child her only meal of the day.What contrast does Gerald draw between Harvard Business and Tony? Tony has sacrificed more despite having less than the alumni. And it wasn"t the glaring inequality that made me want to cry, it wasn"t the thought of hungry, homeless kids, it wasn"t rage toward the one percent or pity toward the 99. No, I was disturbed because I had finally realized that I was the dialysis for a country that needed a kidney transplant. I realized that my story stood in for all those who were expected to pick themselves up by their bootstraps, even if they didn"t have any boots;  that my organization stood in for all the structural, systemic help that never went to Harlem or Appalachia or the Lower 9th Ward;  that my voice stood in for all those voices that seemed too unlearned, too unwashed, too unaccommodated. And the shame of that, that shame washed over me like the shame of sitting

There we were, souls and bodies packed into a Texas church on the last night of our lives. Packed into a room just like this, but with creaky wooden pews draped in worn-down red fabric, with an organ to my left and a choir at my back and a baptism pool built into the wall behind them. A room like this, nonetheless. With the same great feelings of suspense, the same deep hopes for salvation, the same sweat in the palms and the same people in the back not paying attention. This was December 31,1999, the night of the Second Coming of Christ, and the end of the world as I knew it. I had turned 12 that year and had reached the age of accountability. And  once I  stopped complaining about  how unfair it was that Jesus would  return  as soon as I had to be  accountable for all that I had done, I  figured I had better get my house in order very quickly. So I went to church as often as I could. I listened for silence as anxiously as one might listen for noise, trying to be sure that the Lord hadn"t pulled a fast one on me and decided to come back early. And just in case he did, I built a backup plan, by reading the "Left Behind" books that were all the rage at the time. And I found in their pages that if I was not taken in the rapture at midnight, I had another shot. All I had to do was avoid taking the mark of the beast, fight off demons, plagues and the Antichrist himself. It would be hard --but I knew I could do it.But planning time was over now. It was 11:50 pm. We had 10 minutes left, and my pastor called us out of the pews and down to the altar because he wanted to be praying when midnight struck. So every faction of the congregation took its place. The choir stayed in the choir stand, the deacons and their wives -- or the Baptist Bourgeoisie as I like to call them --took the first position in front of the altar. You see, in America, even the Second Coming of Christ has a VIP section. And right behind the Baptist Bourgeoisie were the elderly -- these men and women whose young backs had been bent under hot suns in the cotton fields of East Texas, and whose skin seemed to be burnt a creaseless noble brown, just like the clay of East Texas, and whose hopes and dreams for what life might become outside of East Texas had sometimes been bent and broken even further than their backs. Yes, these men and women were the stars of the show for me. They had waited their whole lives for this moment, just as their medieval predecessors had longed for the end of the world, and just as my grandmother waited for the Oprah Winfrey Show to come on Channel 8 every day at 4 o"clock. And as she made her way to the altar, I snuck right in behind her, because I knew for sure that my grandmother was going to heaven. And I thought that if I held on to her hand during this prayer, I might go right on with her. So I held on and I closed my eyes to listen, to wait. And the prayers got louder. And the shouts of response to the call of the prayer went up higher even still. And the organ rolled on in to add the dirge. And the heat came on to add to the sweat. And my hand gripped firmer, so I wouldn"t be the one left in the field. My eyes clenched tighter so I wouldn"t see the wheat being separated from the chaff. And then a voice rang out above us: "Amen."It was over. I looked at the clock. It was after midnight. I looked at the elder believers whose savior had not come, who were too proud to show any signs of disappointment, who had believed too much and for too long to start doubting now. But I was upset on their behalf . They had been duped, hoodwinked, bamboozled, and I had gone right along with them. I had prayed their prayers, I had yielded not to temptation as best I could. I had dipped my head not once, but twice in that snot-inducing baptism pool. I had believed. Now what? I got home just in time to turn on the television and watch Peter Jennings announce the new millennium as it rolled in around the world. It struck me that it would have been strange anyway, for Jesus to come back again and again based on the different time zones. And this made me feel even more ridiculous -- hurt, really. But there on that night, I did not stop believing. I just believed a new thing: that it was possible not to believe. It was possible the answers I had were wrong, that the questions themselves were wrong. And now, where there was once a mountain of certitude, there was, running right down to its foundation, a spring of doubt, a spring that promised rivers. I can trace the whole drama of my life back to that night in that church when my savior did not come for me; when the thing I believed most certainly turned out to be, if not a lie, then not quite the truth. And even though most of you  prepared  for Y2K in a very different way, I"m  convinced  that you are here because some part of you has done the  same  thing that I have done  since  the dawn of this new century, since my mother left and my father  stayed  away and my Lord  refused  to come. And I held out my hand, reaching for something to believe in. I held on when I arrived at Yale at 18, with the faith that my journey from Oak Cliff, Texas was a chance to leave behind all the challenges I had known, the broken dreams and broken bodies I had seen. But when I found myself back home one winter break, with my face planted in the floor, my hands tied behind my back and a burglar"s gun pressed to my head, I knew that even the best education couldn"t save me. I held on when I showed up at Lehman Brothers as an intern in 2008. So hopeful that I called home to inform my family that we"d never be poor again. But as I witnessed this temple of finance come crashing down before my eyes, I knew that even the best job couldn"t save me. I held on when I showed up in Washington DC as a young staffer, who had heard a voice call out from Illinois, saying, "It"s been a long time coming, but in this election, change has come to America." But as the Congress ground to a halt and the country ripped at the seams and hope and change began to feel like a cruel joke, I knew that even the political second coming could not save me. I had knelt faithfully at the altar of the American Dream, praying to the gods of my time of success, and money, and power. But  over and over again, midnight struck, and I opened my eyes to see that all of these gods were dead. And from that graveyard, I began the search once more, not because I was brave, but because I knew that I would either believe or I would die. So I took a pilgrimage to yet another mecca, Harvard Business School -- this time, knowing that I could not simply accept the salvation that it claimed to offer. No, I knew there"d be more work to do. The work began in the dark corner of a crowded party, in the late night of an early, miserable Cambridge winter, when three friends and I asked a question that young folks searching for something real have asked for a very long time: "What if we took a road trip?" We didn"t know where"d we go or how we"d get there, but we knew we had to do it. Because all our lives we yearned, as Jack Kerouac wrote, to "sneak out into the night and disappear somewhere," and go find out what everybody was doing all over the country. So even though there were other voices who said that the risk was too great and the proof too thin, we went on anyhow. We went on 8,000 miles across America in the summer of 2013, through the cow pastures of Montana, through the desolation of Detroit, through the swamps of New Orleans, where we found and worked with men and women who were building small businesses that made purpose their bottom line. And having been trained at the West Point of capitalism, this struck us as a revolutionary idea. And this idea spread, growing into a nonprofit called MBAs Across America, a movement that landed me here on this stage today. It spread because we found a great hunger in our generation for purpose, for meaning. It spread because we found countless entrepreneurs in the nooks and crannies of America who were creating jobs and changing lives and who needed a little help. But if I"m being honest, it also spread because I fought to spread it. There was no length to which I would not go to preach this gospel, to get more people to believe that we could bind the wounds of a broken country, one social business at a time. But it was this journey of evangelism that led me to the rather different gospel that I"ve come to share with you today. It began one evening almost a year ago at the Museum of Natural History in New York City, at a gala for alumni of Harvard Business School. Under a full-size replica of a whale, I sat with the titans of our time as they celebrated their peers and their good deeds. There was pride in a room where net worth and assets under management surpassed half a trillion dollars. We looked over all that we had made, and it was good. But it just so happened, two days later, I had to travel up the road to Harlem, where I found myself sitting in an urban farm that had once been a vacant lot, listening to a man named Tony tell me of the kids that showed up there every day. All of them lived below the poverty line. Many of them carried all of their belongings in a backpack to avoid losing them in a homeless shelter. Some of them came to Tony"s program, called Harlem Grown, to get the only meal they had each day. Tony told me that he  started  Harlem Grown with money from his  pension , after 20 years as a cab driver. He told me that he  didn"t  give himself a  salary , because, despite  success, the program  struggled  for resources. He told me that he would take any help that he could get. And I was there as that help. But as I left Tony, I felt the sting and salt of tears welling up in my eyes. I felt the weight of revelation that I could sit in one room on one night, where a few hundred people had half a trillion dollars, and another room, two days later, just 50 blocks up the road, where a man was going without a salary to get a child her only meal of the day. And it wasn"t the glaring inequality that made me want to cry, it wasn"t the thought of hungry, homeless kids, it wasn"t rage toward the one percent or pity toward the 99. No, I was disturbed because I had finally realized that I was the dialysis for a country that needed a kidney transplant. I realized that my story stood in for all those who were expected to pick themselves up by their bootstraps, even if they didn"t have any boots;  that my organization stood in for all the structural, systemic help that never went to Harlem or Appalachia or the Lower 9th Ward;  that my voice stood in for all those voices that seemed too unlearned, too unwashed, too unaccommodated. And the shame of that, that shame washed over me like the shame of sitting in front of the television, watching Peter Jennings announce the new millennium again and again and again. I had been duped, hoodwinked, bamboozled.  But this time, the false savior was me. You see, I"ve come a long way from that altar on the night I thought the world would end,  from a world where people spoke in tongues and saw suffering as a necessary act of God and took a text to be infallible truth. Yes, I"ve come so far that I"m right back where I started. Because it simply is not true to say that we live in an age of disbelief -- no, we believe today just as much as any time that came before. Some of us may believe in the prophecy of Brené Brown or Tony Robbins. We may believe in the bible of The New Yorker or the Harvard Business Review. We may believe most deeply when we worship right here at the church of TED, but we desperately want to believe, we need to believe. We speak in the tongues of charismatic leaders that promise to solve all our problems. We  see  suffering  as  a necessary  act  of the capitalism that is our god, we  take  the text of technological progress to be infallible truth. And we  hardly  realize the human price we pay  when  we fail to question one brick, because we fear it  might  shake our whole foundation. But if you are disturbed by the unconscionable things that we have come to accept, then it must be questioning time. So I have not a gospel of disruption or innovation or a triple bottom line. I do not have a gospel of faith to share with you today, in fact. I have and I offer a gospel of doubt. The gospel of doubt does not ask that you stop believing, it asks that you believe a new

会计学中sole proprietorship，partnership 和corporation含义不同、用法不同、侧重点不同一、含义不同sole proprietorship独资。sole，adj. 独占的；唯一的。n. 脚底；鞋底。n. 鳎鱼。vt. 给(鞋)换底。proprietorship，n. 所有权；所有者；业主权。partnership n. 合伙人身份；合股；合伙经营。corporationn. 公司；法人。二、用法不同sole proprietorshipsole有“唯一的”意思。sole强调“单独的”，而且只考虑到单独的一个。sole proprietorship是个人拥有的企业。The simplest form business is called an individual proprietorship.最简单的商务形式就是独资经营。The operation period of the sole investment enterprise is years.独资企业经营年限为年。partnership 用于合伙企业。They decided to break up the partnership.他们决定终止合作关系。Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。corporationcorporation的基本意思是“法人团体”,也可作“公司”解，多用于美式英语，是集合名词，可缩写为corp.。在英式英语中可表示“市政当局”。He works for a large American corporation.他为美国一家大型公司工作。Several new members have come into this corporation.这个公司又有新人员加入。三、侧重点不同sole proprietorship侧重于强调个人独资。partnership 侧重于强调合伙企业。corporation侧重于强调有限公司。

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生日聚会

surprise party读音音标:英[səˈpraiz ˈpɑ:ti]美[sɚˈpraɪz ˈpɑrti]词义:n. （令某人惊喜的） 惊喜聚会;[例句]When Mark arrived home that afternoon, it was the first he knew for sure of the surprise party.马克那天下午回到家时是他第一次确切知道有惊喜派对这回事。

surprise party惊喜派对surprise party[英][səˈpraiz ˈpɑ:ti][美][sɚˈpraɪz ˈpɑrti]n.（令某人惊喜的）惊喜聚会; 例句:1.Is this a surprise party for me? 这是给我的惊喜派对?

day[英] [dei] [美] [de] n. 一天；白天；时期；节日； adj. 日间的；逐日的； adv. 每天；经常在白天地； sorry[英] [ˈsɔri] [美] [ˈsɑri, ˈsɔri] adj. 对不起的；无价值的，低等的；遗憾的；感到伤心的； party[英] [ˈpɑ:ti] [美] [ˈpɑrti] n. 社交聚会；党，党派；当事人；同类，伙伴； v. 为……举行社交聚会；为……请客；参加社交聚会； adj. 政党的，党派的；社交的，聚会的；共有的，共同的； y读音相同的是sorry , party

english party意思是：英语晚会以下双语例句：1.There will be an english party next thursday. 下星期四将有一场英语晚会。2.Will you come to our english party? 你会来我们的英语聚会吗？3.I have a english party on sunday! 我礼拜天有一个英语派对！4.Is this the line for the english party? 这是为看英语晚会入场而排的队吗？5.But what impressed us most was the english party. Some were singing in english and others were dancing. 但是最令我们难忘的是英语晚会，一些同学唱英文歌曲，另外一些人跳舞。

是这个吧partyism英 ["pɑ:tɪɪzəm] 美 ["pɑ:tɪɪzəm]n.党派心，党派性谐音：怕踢一 折木如果满意，望采纳

我想邀请你们所有人下午来我家参加3点的生日宴会。

1、聚会的英文表示为：party 2、party英式发音为["pɑːtɪ] ，美式发音为["pɑrti]，意思有：政党，党派；聚会，派对；当事人 [复数 parties]，参加社交聚会。3、 party过去式 partied 过去分词 partied 现在分词 partying。拓展资料party的用法1、The couple met at a party 那对情侣是在一个派对上认识的。2、They come to eat and drink, to swim, to party. Sometimes they never go to bed 他们来吃喝、游泳、狂欢，有时都不睡觉。3、They became separated from their party. 他们和伙伴们分开了。4、It has to be proved that they are the guilty party. 必须证明他们是过错方。5、Crook had resigned his post rather than be party to such treachery. 克鲁克已经辞职了，不愿参与这种背信弃义的行为。6、We threw a huge birthday party 我们举办了盛大的生日聚会。7、Most teenagers like to go to parties. 大多数青少年喜欢参加派对。8、They set up a working party to look into the issue. 他们设立了一个特别工作组来调查这个问题。

毕业派对吧

hold a party英 [həuld ə ˈpɑ:ti] 美 [hold e ˈpɑrti] <口>举行宴会、酒会等We hold a party for our new colleagues as a gesture of friendship. 我们为新同事举办了一个聚会，以示友善。

英文原文：happy,baby,sorry,party英式音标：[ˈhæpɪ] , [ˈbeɪbɪ] , [ˈsɒrɪ] , [ˈpɑːtɪ] 美式音标：[ˈhæpɪ] , [ˈbebi] , [ˈsɔri] , [ˈpɑrti]

n.（令某人惊喜的）惊喜聚会

party 英[ˈpɑ:ti] 美[ˈpɑ:rti]

party和dry里面的y不是一个读音party 英 /ˈpɑːti/ n.政党;党派;聚会;派对 vi.参加社交聚会dry 英 /draɪ/ adj.干的;口渴的 ;枯燥无味的;禁酒的 vt.把……弄干；vi.变干; n.干涸

party popper党波普尔双语对照词典结果：party popper纸带喷射器;

你好当词义是晚会聚会时是名词形式~ party 英["pɑːtɪ]美["pɑrti] n. 政党,党派；聚会,派对；当事人 vi. 参加社交聚会

on the party 或at the partparty 读法 英 [ˈpɑːti]  美 [ˈpɑːrti] n. 政党，党派；聚会，派对；当事人vi. 参加社交聚会词汇搭配：1、conservative party 保守党 ; 英国保守党 ; 守旧党2、birthday party 生日会 ; 生日宴会 ; 生日聚会 ; 生日派对示例：On the birthday party, she wore glad rags. 在生日晚会上，她穿上了漂亮的衣服。词语用法：1、party的基本意思是“集会”，指社交性的或娱乐性的集会，是可数名词。2、party也可作“党，政党”解，为可数名词。在句中用作主语表示党的整体组织时，谓语动词用单数形式；表示其每个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。3、party指人时，可指“单个的人”，也可指“一群人”，用于因有共同任务或目标的人群时，是可数名词。在句中作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。4、party还可指签订合约、条约等有关方面的一方，此时首字母应大写。party在句中用作定语时可作“共有的”解。party用于专有名词时，首字母要大写，并加定冠词。

意思是：家庭聚会。重点词汇：party。英［＇pɑ：ti］释义：n.聚会，派对；政党，党派；＜正式＞（契约或争论的）当事人，一方；队，组，群；＜正式＞参加者；＜非正式＞人。v.<非正式＞尽情欢乐，欢宴。adj.（纹章）分割开的，分成不同颜色部分的。［复数：parties；第三人称单数：parties；现在分词：partying；过去式：partied；过去分词：partied］短语：Green Party绿党；绿色党；永旺梦乐城店。词语辨析：meeting，conference，gathering，party。这组名词都有“集会、会议”的意思。1、meeting可以用于两人或多人，表示偶然的或拟定的，短暂的或持续的聚会，它的用途很广，可用于日常普通场合，也可用于特殊的或官方的正式场合。2、conference指专门性的正式会议，常用于就某个重大问题进行专门研究或交换意见的讨论会、协商会等。3、gathering一般指非正式的集会，常用于群众性的活动（像联欢会等）。4、party指社交性或娱乐性的集会。

派对过后

在……的一方

superparty怎么读super英 [ˈsu:pə(r)]美 [ˈsupɚ]party英 [ˈpɑ:ti]美 [ˈpɑrti]

party和birthday的y发音区别是音节上的不同。party中的y读音i音，party英（?pɑ?ti）美（?pɑ?rti），birthday英（"b??θde?）美（"b?θde），y对应ibirthday的音标是/"b??θde?/,ay对应ei所以二者不同。birthday的意思是：生日;诞辰;成立纪念日，聚会的英文是party.party：n.政党;党派;聚会;宴会;联欢会;派对;(一起旅行或参观等的)群,队,组。vi.寻欢作乐;吃喝玩乐。

爬梯

party[英][ˈpɑ:ti][美][ˈpɑ:rti]n.社交聚会; 党，党派; 当事人; 同类，伙伴; v.为…举行社交聚会; 为…请客; 参加社交聚会; adj.政党的，党派的; 社交的，聚会的; 共有的，共同的; 第三人称单数：parties过去分词：partied复数：parties现在进行时：partying过去式：partied例句:1.Do you support the tea party? 你支持茶党运动吗？

party[英]["pɑ:tɪ] [美][ˈpɑrti] 生词本简明释义n.社交聚会；党，党派；当事人；同类，伙伴v.为…举行社交聚会；为…请客；参加社交聚会adj.政党的，党派的；社交的，聚会的；共有的，共同的复数：parties第三人称单数：parties过去式：partied过去分词：partied现在分词：partying以下结果由 金山词霸 提供柯林斯高阶英汉词典 百科释义 短语词组 同反义词1.N-COUNT政党；党派A party is a political organization whose members have similar aims and beliefs. Usually the organization tries to get its members elected to the government of a country....a member of the Labour party. 工党党员...India"s ruling party.印度执政党...opposition parties.

paty是人名（帕蒂）party是聚会的意思

生日聚会就叫party。

备件，配件