allowance与stipend意义上有什么不同?

many american youngsters earn their own allowance（零花钱）by doing temporary jobs for their neighbors. babysitting is one of the common of these jobs. most couples do not have maids or relatives living with them, and they need to have someone watch the children if they want to go out.
another way is by mowing lawn in summer and clearing snow from sidewalks and driveways in winter. many people mow their own lawns，but often people prefer to give the job to a neighbor’s child. in winter, snow clearing from streets and highways is the ***’s responsibility. homeowners or tenants, however, must clear sidewalks and driveways. since clearing snow is very tiring, many people prefer to hire teenagers for this job rather than do it themselves.
besides, many american teenagers usually work two to three hours after school and all day on saturday or sunday at the local supermarket. they work as cashiers or stockroom clerks. or they help customers carry things to their cars. other favorite jobs are waiting on tables in restaurants or working part-time at stores or gas stations.
by earning their own allowance，teenagers acquire a feeling of independence and a sense of responsibility which prepares them for a productive life in society.
小题1:what does “babysitting” mean in the first paragraph?

a．watching a baby when its parents are out.	b．working as a maid.
c．sitting with a baby.	d．selling something.

小题2:how do american youngsters earn their allowance? which one is not one of the ways?

a．by mowing lawn in summer.

b．by clearing snow from sidewalks and driveways in winter.

c．by working two to three hours after school and all day on saturday or sunday.

d．by doing some housework for the family.

小题3:when it comes to clearing snow，what do many people like to do?

a．hire teenagers for this job rather than do it themselves

b．they do it themselves.

c．they hire their own children to do so

d．they don’t clean it at all.

小题4:what is the advantage of youngsters earning allowance?

a．they acquire a feeling of independence.

b．they acquire a sense of responsibility.

c．the actions prepare them for a productive life in society.

d．all of the above.

小题5:who will clear the snow on the streets?

a．the inhabitants.	b．the neighbors
c．the ***.	d．the police.

Americans usually make allowance(宽容) for non-native-speakers who have some trouble understanding English. But they become annoyed when a person pretends to understand but doesn’t really and then creates problems because of misunderstanding what is said. No one wants soap when he asks for soup. So if you don’t understand what is said to you, admit it and politely ask the person to repeat or explain.
Second, it is quite rude to talk with a friend in your native language and leave your American friends standing there feeling stupid because they can’t understand the conversation. The Americans may also feel that you are talking about them or saying something you don’t want them to hear. If you must turn to your native language to explain something to a non-English-speaking friend, at least translate for your American friends so they don’t feel left out.
Learn just a few more polite English expressions, and you’ll be ready to face the world of Americans with confidence. The polite answer to a compliment(赞扬) about your looks or your works is “Thank you.” (A smile and a nod is not enough.) T he response to “Thank you.” is, of course, “You’re welcome,” if someone asks “How are you?” don’t give your medical history. Just say “Fine, thanks. How are you?” Finally, what should you say when someone sneezes(打喷嚏)? It may not seem logical, but the correct response is “God bless you.” That’s about all there is to it. Now that you’ve learned this general knowledge of manners, in the U. S. A., you’ve ready to be polite in English. Let’s hope your American friends will be just as polite.
小题1:In the first paragraph, the underlined word “annoyed” means .

A．rather angry

B．very impolite

C．quite unfriendly

D．fairly pleased

小题2:The passage is mainly about in the U. S. A.
A. the importance of good manners B. the general knowledge of English
C. the skill in daily conversations D. the good manners in communication
小题3: When you talk with someone in your native language, your American friend may feel .

A．he should learn the language	B．you try to keep some secrets from him
C．you are angry with him	D．he becomes a fool