Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Numbers:

量子限制效应能否通俗解释下?
量子限制效应（quantumconfinementeffect） 微结构材料三维尺度中至少有一个维度与电子德布罗意（deBroglie）波长相当,因此电子在此维度中的运动受到限制,电子态呈量子化分布,连续的能带将分解为离散的能级,即形成分立的能级和驻波形式的波函数.
首先这个为什么会受此维度中限制?还有这个电子原来是连续的能带吗?感觉高中学的都是能级,没有听过能带.这个连续的分解为能级那又怎样?

Principal quantum number question.For a shell which has a principal quantum number equal to 3:
what is the shell number,
what is the shell letter
what is the number of subshells
what is the total number of orbitals in this shell.
The maximum number of electrons in this shell is

英语翻译
Classical Simulation of Quantum Adiabatic Algorithms using Mathematica on GPUs
主要不能确定Mathematica在这里是指一个软件，还是应该翻译为数学。

this can mean a quantum change in the information available to people.分析句子结构

关于量子数的问题
A possible set of quantum numbers for the last electron added to complete an atom of germanlum in its ground state is ---从左往右分别是n,l ,ml,ms
A(4,0,0,+1/2)
B(3,0,+1,-1/2)
C(4,1,-1,-1/2)
D(3,1,+1,-1/2)
E(4,2,+2,-1/2)
问题翻译是：基态Ge元素最后一个电子填充在哪里?
还有ml 和能量没有关系吧 那么ms和能量有关系吗?
为什么这题选B而不选C啊?

句子求改错,
Dr Stuart use quantum theory to explain what is the dying state.he think that the consciousness quantum will leave the nervous system into the universe when a person is dying.The dead‘s consciousness will existence in the universe for forever

英文高手进要翻译一句话
The electrically pumped or quantum cascade laser (QCL) from its first realization has demonstrated an impressive and rapid development extending the emission wavelengths from the mid-infrared to the THz spectral range.

英语翻译
"In general,a quantum system is defined by an equivalence class of preparations." - Asher Pere

英语翻译
Once the quantum or classical mechanical treatment has
been decided upon,the description of the macroscopic behavior
starts with the identification
of the thermodynamic variables,number of particles N and
internal energy U,with the average of the corresponding
microscopic variables.That is,
^

英语翻译
最近在读一篇文章《Electrochemical and quantum chemical studies of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution》,文中有一些高分子化合物不知如何翻译成中文,
化学结构式子见附件:
首先谢谢xcwestlife，该文章中总共提到了三种该类物质，其英文名称分别是：
5-acetyl-6-methyl-4-(4-nitro phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one(DHPM-1)
5-acetyl-6-methyl-4-(3-nitro phenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one(DHPM-2)
5-acetyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one(DHPM-3)，
请再帮忙确定其中文译名，