pants to poverty

阅读“ppe怪圈” 材料：“ppe怪圈” 是指贫困(poverty) 、人口(population) 和环境(environment) 之间形成的一种互为因果的关系，如下图。完成问题。

小题1:在图二a、b、c、d四点代表的人口增长状况中，最有可能产生“ppe怪圈”的是

a．a

b．b

c．c

d．d

小题2:下列***中目前基本不存在“ppe怪圈” 的是

a．澳大利亚

b．中国

c．巴西

d．印度

The Marches were a happy family. Poverty, hard work, and even the fact that Father March was away with the Union armies could not down the spirits of Meg, Jo, Amy, and Marmee, as the March girls called their mother.
The March sisters tried to be good but had their share of faults. Pretty Meg was often displeased with the schoolchildren she taught; boyish Jo was easy to become angry; golden-haired schoolgirl Amy liked to show up; but Beth, who kept the house, was loving and gentle always.
The happy days passed and darkness came when a telegram arrived for Mrs. March. “Your husband is very ill,” it said, “come at once.” The girl tried to be brave when their mother left for the front. They waited and prayed. Little Beth got scarlet fever (猩红热) when she was taking care of the sick neighbor. She became very ill but began to recover by the time Marmee was back. When Father came home from the front and at that joyful Christmas dinner they were once more all together.
Three years later the March girls had grown into young womanhood. Meg became Mrs. Brooke, and after a few family troubles got used to her new state happily. Jo had found pleasure in her literary efforts. Amy had grown into a young lady with a talent for design and an even greater one for society. But Beth had never fully regained her health, and her family watched her with love and anxiety.
Amy was asked to go and stay in Europe with a relative of the Marches. Jo went to New York and became successful in her writing and had the satisfaction of seeing her work published there. But at home the bitterest blow was yet to fall. Beth had known for some time that she couldn’t live much longer to be with the family and in the spring time she died.
News came from Europe that Amy and Laurie, the grandson of a wealthy neighbor, had planned to be married soon. Now Jo became ever more successful in her writing and got married to Professor Bhaer and soon afterwards founded a school for boys.
And so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children, enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to.
小题1:The members of the March family were Father March, Mrs. March and their _______.

A．four daughters	B．five daughters
C．son and four daughters	D．son and five daughters

小题2:Who was the most successful in career (事业) among the March girls?

A．Jo

B．Beth

C．Amy

D．Meg

小题3:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．The march Family	B．The March Parents
C．The March Girls	D．The March Relatives

小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that the March family had ______.

A．both happiness and sadness	B．wealthy neighbors
C．more girls than boys	D．a lot of rich relatives

In order to put an end to poverty, the World Bank has switched its ______to providing technical assistance and long-term loans to developing countries.

A．concern

B．process

C．struggle

D．focus

Poverty today is a major global issue. Although there are all kinds of definitions used to explain it, in simple words, it means the inability of a person to even get his basic needs of food, shelter, clothing, safe drinking water, health and education. Poverty can be found in each and every corner of the world, although the causes may differ from country to country. Given below are the main causes of poverty in the world today.
Overpopulation is one of the main causes behind the threatening of poverty on an individual level as well as a social level. This is simple math. If there are more mouths to feed and less income, definitely much will remain poor.
Another theory which is used as an explanation for poverty is lack of education. If you look at any of the underdeveloped countries, you will find that the level of education there is very low. Lack of education means lack of employment opportunities, thus leading to unemployment coupled with poverty in the future.
Moving away from one’s own homeland to another city or country in search of employment leads to poverty too. It may take these people a lot of time to find jobs. Meanwhile they live in bad conditions. The cost of living in the city or country is most of the time too high for them.
There may be other causes of poverty like the change in business. For example, in America, a couple of decades ago, heavy industry flourished , which employed a lot of African-American people. But now, the focus is more on information technology and health care, both of which employ only skilled and trained people. This has led to unemployment among African-Americans.
Poverty has many ill effects on society. That’s why steps should be taken to get rid of it!
小题1:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “flourished” in Paragraph 5?
(No more than 5 words)
小题2:Why is overpopulation a cause of poverty today? (No more than12 words)
小题3:What’s the situation of education in underdeveloped countries? (No more than 8 words)
小题4:What does the passage mainly talk about? (No more than 10 words)
小题5:In your opinion, what’s the most significant cause of poverty today? Please give your reason. (No more than 25 words)

In order to stop poverty, the World Bank has ______ its focus to providing technical assistance and long-term loans to developing countries.

A．fixed

B．exchanged

C．transferred

D．switched

In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty, and only the rich could manage without great problems．It is said that one day three of those rich men and their servants were together on a road when they came to a very poor village．
The first could not stand seeing the , so he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons （四轮载重马车） and shared them out among the villagers．He wished them all the best of luck, and he left．
The second rich man, seeing the worrying situation, stopped for a short time and then decided to give the all his food and drink, since he could see that money would be of little to them．He made sure that they each their fair share and would have enough food to last for some time．Then, he left．
The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, and went straight through the poverty-stricken village without stopping．The two other rich men saw all this from a distance and commented heatedly with each other on how the third rich man lacked sympathy．It was that they themselves had been there to offer help．
However, to their great surprise, three days later, they the third rich man, who was coming in the direction．He was still traveling quickly, but his wagons, instead of the gold and valuables they had been carrying, were now completely full of farming tools and bags of ．He was rushing back to help them out of poverty．

小题1:	A．standing B．traveling C．gathering D．running

小题2:	A．land B．welfare C．richness D．poverty

小题3:	A．villagers B．servants C．others D．rest

小题4:	A．interest B．concern C．use D．attraction

小题5:	A．returned B．possessed C．offered D．received

小题6:	A．turned around B．certain C．true D．strange

小题7:	A．welcomed B．met C．accepted D．persuaded

小题8:	A．opposite B．same C．similar D．familiar

小题9:	A．food B．jewels C．money D．seeds

In those years, poverty ______, hungry farmers wandered about the countryside.

A．stricken

B．striking

C．being stricken

D．strike

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