长幼之分 什么意思 谁能用简单文字 详细解释 谢谢你

Boys at the top of the pecking order(长幼次序) either by birth or because their older brothers died score higher on IQ tests than their younger brothers.
Norwegian researchers now report that it’s a matter of what they call social rank in the family that gives the first born the highest scores or, if the first born had died young, the next oldest.
Kristensen and Bjerkedal studied the IQ test results of 241,310 Norwegian men drafted(征兵) into the armed forces between 1967 and 1976. All were aged 18 or 19 at the time.
The average IQ of first-born men was 103.2, they found second-born men averaged 101.2, but second-born men whose older brother died young scored 102.9. And for third-borns, the average was 100.0. But if both older brothers died young，the third-born score rose to 102.6.
The findings provide “evidence that the relation between birth order and IQ score is dependent on the social rank in the family and not birth order as such.” they concluded.
It’s an issue that has been hotly discussed since at least 1874,when Sir Francis Galton reported that men in noticeable positions tended to be firstborns more often than would have been statistically (统计) expected.
Since then, several studies have reported higher intelligence scores for firstborns, while other analyses have questioned those findings and the methods of those reports.
“These two researchers prove that how study participants(参与者) were raised, not how they were born, is what actually influences their IQs,” said Sulloway, an American professor, who was not part of the research team.
“The elder child pulls ahead,” he said, “perhaps as a result of learning gained through the process of tutoring younger brothers and sisters”.
“The older child benefits by having to organize and express its thoughts to tutor youngsters”, he said, “while the later born children may have no one to tutor.”
小题1:According to Norwegain researchers’ finding, which of the following is linked to boys’ IQ?

A．Birth order	B．Position in the family
C．Parents’ social rank	D．Educational experience

小题2:What does the sentence “It’s an issue that has been hotly discussed” underlined in Paragraph 6 mean?

A．Many people take interest in IQ study.

B．IQ study has gone further and further.

C．Many people do research on boys’ IQ.

D．Opinions are divided on the conclusion.

小题3:According to Kristensen and Bjerkedal’s test results, parents can make youngsters smarter by ________.

A．treating them as the oldest child

B．teaching them as the oldest child

C．talking to them as much as possible

D．encouraging them to express thoughts

文言文阅读
阳城，字亢宗，定州北平人。城谦恭简素，遇人长幼如一。远近慕其行，来学者迹接于道。闾里有争讼，不诣官而诣城决之。有盗其树者，城过之，虑其耻，退自匿。尝绝粮，遣奴求米，奴以米易酒，醉卧于路。城怪其故，与弟迎之，奴未醒，乃负以归。及觉，痛咎谢，城曰：“寒而饮，何责焉？”山东节度府闻城义者，发使遗五百缣，戒使者不令返。城固辞，使者委而去，城置之未尝发。会里人郑俶欲葬亲，贷于人无得，城知其然，举缣与之。德宗召拜右谏议大夫，遣长安尉杨宁赍束帛诣其家。
　　初，城未起，缙绅想见风采。既兴草茅，处谏诤官，士以为且死职，天下益惮之。及受命，它谏官论事苛细纷纷，帝厌苦。而城方与二弟延宾客，日夜剧饮。客欲谏止者，城揣知其情，强饮客，客辞，即自引满，客不得已，与酬酢，或醉仆席上，城或先醉卧客怀中，不能听客语。常以木枕布衾质钱，人重其贤，争售之。每约二弟：“吾所俸入，而可度月食米几何，薪菜盐几钱，先具之，余送酒家，无留也。”服用无赢副，客或称其佳可爱，辄喜，举授之。有陈苌者，侯其得俸，常往称钱之美，月有获焉。
　　及裴延龄诬逐陆赞等，帝怒甚，无敢言。城闻，曰：“吾谏官，不可令天子杀无罪大臣。”乃约拾遗王仲舒上疏极论延龄罪；慷慨引谊，申直赞等，累日不止。帝大怒，召宰相抵城罪。顺宗方为皇太子，为开救，得免。然帝意不已，欲遂相延龄。城显语曰：“延龄为相，吾当取白麻坏之，哭于廷。”帝不相延龄，城力也。
　　城出为道州刺史，州产侏儒，岁贡诸朝，城哀其生离，无所进。帝使求之，城奏曰：“州民尽短，若以贡，不知何者可供。”自是罢。赋税不时，观察使数诮责。观察府遣判官督赋，至州，怪城不迎，以问吏，吏曰：“刺史以为有罪，自囚于狱。”判官惊，驰入，谒城曰：“使君何罪？我奉命来候安否耳。”留数日，城不敢归，寝馆外以待命。判官遽辞去。顺宗立，召还城，而城已卒，年七十。 (节选自《新唐书·阳城传》)
小题1:下列各组句子中，划线的词的意义不相同的一组是 （）

A．①及觉，痛咎 谢 　　　　　　　②旦日不可不蚤自来 谢 项王

B．①强饮客，客 辞 　　　　　　　②王子皇孙， 辞 楼下殿

C．①即 自 引满，　　　　　　　　②引壶觞以 自 酌

D．①赋税不时，观察使 数 诮责　　② 数 遗魏王及公子书，请救于魏

小题2:文中“为开救”的“为”字，与下列句子中划线的“为”字意义和用法相同的一项是（）

A．吾社之行为士先者， 为 之声义	B．今不取，后世必 为 子孙忧
C．然则一羽之不举， 为 不用力焉	D．仆以口语遇遭此祸，重 为 乡党所笑

小题3:以下六句话，分别编为四组，全都表现阳城智谋的一组是（）
①闾里有争讼，不诣官而诣城决之　　　　②城固辞，使者委而去，城置之未尝发
③城或先醉卧客怀中，不能听客语　　　　④延龄为相，吾当取白麻坏之，哭于廷
⑤州民尽短，若以贡，不知何者可供　　　⑥刺史以为有罪，自囚于狱

A．②③⑤

B．①②④

C．①④⑥

D．③⑤⑥

小题4:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是 （）

A．阳城宽厚待人。他看到有人偷他家的树，为了不使那人难堪，自己躲开了；派去求米的家奴拿米换了酒喝，醉倒在半路上，阳城一点也没有责备他。

B．德宗皇帝召阳城任右谏议大夫，人们认为他一定能拼死力谏，但阳城看到朝廷腐败，皇帝又听不进谏言，于是和两个弟弟请来宾客日夜酗酒，常常喝得酩酊大醉。

C．裴延龄捏造罪名陷害陆贽等人，皇帝信以为真，极为震怒，无人敢出来讲话。阳城挺身而出，约王仲舒一起上疏，极力揭发裴延龄的罪过，接连几天为陆贽等人申辩。

D．观察府派判官来催办税赋，阳城就投狱自罚。判官拜见阳城说，我不过是奉命来给您请安的。判官待了几天，见阳城仍然不敢回去，只好匆忙辞别。