Penguins live at the South Pole.They are birds,but they cann

A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica.
Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds’ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins.
The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.
Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,” says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (掠夺者) to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.” The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been ‘disturbed’ when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.
However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently – and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins’ responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with beart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently .
小题1:According to the passage, what overall message is presented?

A．No firm conclusions are drawn.

B．Neither Culik’s nor Nimon’s findings are of much value.

C．Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior.

D．Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers.

小题2:Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage?

A．Penguins are harder to research when they have young.

B．Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Antarctica.

C．Not all penguins behave in the same way.

D．Penguins need better protection from tourists.

小题3:What do you notice about the views presented in the passage?

A．They are groundless.

B．They are factual.

C．They are descriptive.

D．They are conflicting.

小题4:What does the underlined word (final line) probably mean?

A．later on

B．carmly

C．separately

D．in the same place

Phillip Island Penguins(企鹅)
The Little Penguin has called Phillip Island home for untold generations. Get to Phillip Island in plenty of time to watch s summer sunset at Summerland Beach – the stage is attractively set to see the little Penguin leave water and step onto land.
·Leave Melbourne at 5:30 pm for a direct journey to Phillip Island
·See the Gippsland area – Guinness Book of Records place for the world’s longest earthworm(蚯蚓)
·Journey along the coastal highway around the Bay with French Island and Churchill Island in the distance
·Cross the bridge at San Remo to enter Phillip Island – natural home for Little Penguins and many animals
·Take your place in special viewing stands(看台) to watch the daily evening performance of the wild Little Penguins
Ultimate Penguins (+U)
Join a group of up to 15. This guided tour goes to an attractive, quiet beach to see Little Penguins. You can see penguins at night by wearing a special pair of glasses.
Adult(成人) $60.00 Child $30.00
Viewing Platform Penguin Plus (+V)
More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stands.
Adult $25.00 Child $12.50
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Join a group of only 5 in the comfort of a special, higher-up viewing tower. Gain an excellent overview of Summerland Beach.
Adult 16years +$50.00
1. What kind of people is the text mainly written for?
A. Scientists. B. Students C. Tourists. D. Artists.
2. We can learn from the text that Little Penguins__________.
A. have been on Phillip Island for years
B. keep a Guinness record for their size
C. are trained to practice diving for visitors
D. live in large groups to protect themselves
3. How much would a couple with one child pay for a closer viewing tour?
A. $37.50.B. $62.50. C. $180.00.D. $150.00.

It is so cold in Antarctic that the penguins have to stand _______to each other to keep warm.

A．closely

B．closed

C．closing

D．close

Do you know why _____ penguins living on _____ South pole are so popular with children?

A．the; the

B．/ ; the

C．the; /

D． / ; /

Penguins live together，but each pair has a little piece of ground of their own.When a penguin wants to walk through its neighbor’s ground，it must ask permission.If it does not do that，it will have to fight.Most of the time，penguins live on the water.They eat shell fish and look after their children carefully.
All penguins are good parents—the male penguins are perhaps the best parents in the world. They walk in the sea in the middle of the dark Antarctic water. They choose their wives in the dark.They can only hear them—not see them.Then the female penguins lay their eggs and go away for about two months.The males take care of the eggs.If the eggs get cold，there will be no chicks.There is no food.The snow falls heavily and the wind blows strongly—sometimes at 150 kilometers an hour.The penguins do not move.When the females return from the sea，they will not remember their husbands.It does not matter.Only one thing matters—the eggs.Male penguins never fight—unless a penguin leaves a chick for a minute.They then fight because they all want it.They are strange and wonderful birds.
小题1:It seems interesting and unusual that the male penguins choose their wives ______.

A．when the female penguins return from the sea

B．just by hearing in the darkness

C．each time they see the lovely females

D．after they have had their own grounds

小题2:Male penguins fight when ______.

A．they choose their wives

B．they see a chick left alone

C．they want to get something to eat

D．they walk through their neighbors’ ground

小题3:From the passage we know that ______.

A．penguins live a hard life

B．penguins live in pairs

C．penguins will fight if one walks through others’ ground without permission

D．each penguin has a little piece of ground of its own

小题4:The penguins choose their wives in the dark. We can infer that ______.

A．penguins like nights very much

B．there is no daytime in that place at all

C．the weather is cloudy and rainy all the year around

D．the sun can’t shine there for nearly half a year every year

小题5:Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Female penguins take care of the eggs.

B．Female penguins often have their new husbands.

C．Male penguins use their ears to choose wives.

D．Male penguins don’t move when they take care of eggs，even though the wind often blows strongly.

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