2011青州年7月7日~8月30日气象数据 天气现象、最高气温·最低气温、降雨量、开始时间、持续时间、ph值

李成,生于五代（919年）,卒于北宋太祖赵匡胤乾德年间,字咸熙.系出长安,唐之宗室,后周时避居青州营丘（今山东临淄）,遂为营丘人.他出身贵族,有文字才能,磊落有大志,因才命不遇而放意诗酒,寓兴于画.山水师关仝,所画山水烟云变灭,水石幽闲,树木萧森,山川险易,莫不曲尽其妙,而笔势颖脱,墨法精绝,称山水者,以为古今第一.特别是他在继承前代成就的基础上,将山水画的表现内容和表现技巧,推向了纵深发展,不但表现出山川气象形势的变化,还强调了季节气候的特点,创造了“寒林”的形象.李成的绘画北宋时代民间流传的就很少,一是因他不轻易为人作画,二是他的孙子李宥作了大官后,大量收购乃祖的遗作.现存许多署款或定名为李成的《寒林图》.大都为后人仿作,惟《读碑窠石图》为真迹,现为日本收藏.沈士充临摩的这幅“寒林图”,空旷的原野,荒寒苦脊的土地,几株老树纠结盘曲,枝枯叶散,好像经历过多少风霜雨雪,仍然顽强地生长着.通过画家对整个环境的刻画和外在形象的描写,烘托出一种顽强和坚韧的精神.赵宦光是当时的文化名人,擅长书法,融合篆书、草书笔法,创草篆体,著书颇丰,《寒山帚谈》、《说文长笺》等.他看了沈土充仿李成寒林图后,长跋赞颂：“山本林泉,畴不心赏,亦不免有夺之之恨.迹在市朝,神游八极,谷候花县,不能无一幅仙山障子.子居乃貌奇峰,集众美,一匹轻绡,千岩竞秀.昔关仝作尽,笔逾简,气逾壮,景弥小而意兴弥深.及门之徒李营丘,营丘之后有沈郎.青出于蓝,且入元矣.谷侯其十袭藏之.丙辰初夏,寒山赵宦光题.钤印有二：赵宦光印、凡夫氏.”乾隆皇帝御览了沈士充的画和赵宦光的跋,以兴奋的心情作七言律诗一首：“营邱真迹石渠藏,缩本临来翰墨香；茈＊有声还泛籁,槎枒无色为经霜；诗情树杪神含淡,秋意吴中目满凉；几度南巡率春日,寒山林究属宦光.右仿李成寒林,钤御印一方：征观.”并钤：“石渠宝笈”、“石渠定鉴”、“宝笈重编”.“无逸斋精鉴玺”、“乾隆御览之宝”、“宁寿宫续入石渠宝笈”. 李成字咸熙,长安人氏,是唐朝的宗室后裔.五代战乱之时以四方为家,待到祖父和父亲自吴地迁至青州,至成年间又在北海避乱,于是就成为了山东淄博人.不是吴邑上说的苏州吴县人.世代专攻儒业,善于写文章,磊落有大志向,因为才命不被人赏识,所以以诗酒抒代为抒怀,以绘画寄托兴趣.山水画方面以关仝为师,凡是烟雨云霞的变幻生灭,流水青石的幽静闲适,树木的萧瑟深茂,山川的险峻,没有不曲尽尽显其妙的.他的笔势新颖洒脱,墨法精绝,可以在山水画上称的古今第一.尊敬他的人到他那不称其名而叫他李营丘.他每画一幅画之前意在笔先,以天地为师,自创景物,都合大自然的奇妙.米芾刻意的搜集他的大作,真手笔仅有两幅,米芾自己画而又不得李成的精绝.宋朝画师画山水都以李成的大作为例.许道宁得李成的气势,李宗成得李成的形状,翟院深得李成的风骨,他们都是达到了李成的一个方面,要达到整体就差远了.后世流传李成的画作大多是这三人所画.唯有郭熙能全面的得到李成的遗法.郭熙最擅长寒萧枯木,又善飞龙流水.李成画山上的亭台楼馆和高塔之类的景物,都是仰着去画它们的飞檐.乾德年间司农卿卫融被任命为陈州的长官听说李成的大名,召见他,李成于是带着全族前往.李成每日酣饮,醉死他乡.年四十九.笔者按考宋朝名画的评论上面说：“开宝年间孙四皓------以书召见他,李成说：我是一介粗俗的儒生,-------岂能效力于豪门,和那些工匠同处?便没答应.”而图画见闻志上说“开宝年间都城里的王公贵族多次飞书请他,李成都不答应.”又有“在乾德五年游淮阳而病终”.我认可后者,但仍要进一步研究.《宣和画谱》中有李成的记载,但学李成画的画师因为他们的画拘束而缺乏风骨,都不具备李成的所长,所以没被收录.

可能是地面的灯光打到云层上反射的光.

1.（1）跟随
　（2）请教
2.有个朋友给他写信,但是他却不会回信
3.他不会回信,并且救助与洪仲.洪仲不但不帮他回信,而且还严厉地责备他,从而让他颜面扫地.
4.吕蒙有一“士别三日当刮目相看”之典故,都是在别人指责后奋发读书,最后学富五车的经历.

（1）首句切入正题，既点明了出发地点，又标明了回归之所。（2分）前后两个“望”字。第一个“望”字巧用门名，着两个“望”字即浓笔重彩勾画出作者对回归故里的渴望。（2分）
（2）全诗描绘了登上归舟后全家人的喜悦之情。从“一室欢声”到“十幅风帆”，一路欢歌一帆风顺，自然发出了“最难图画是归舟”的感叹。（2分）这一句点明主题，说明眼前景物可以画出，而内心的喜悦心情却难以描绘，高兴喜悦，溢于言表。（2分）

无

1．A
2．C
3．B
4．C
5．(1)永每言曰/马援/充国竟何人哉/吾独白首见拘此郡/然于御人非其所长/故在任无多声称/后为南衮州刺史/年逾八十/犹能驰射/盘马奋槊/常讳言老/每自称六十九
　(2)①火纷纷燃起后，敌军无法找到他们原来渡河的地方，于是他们便向傅永放置火油的地方争着渡回。
　　②我虽然地位低微，但也是国家的一个统领，怎能给寇贼留下个射伤我朝大将的名声呢！

翻译成白话文?还是英文啊?
白话文：
牛存节,字赞正,青州博曷人.曾经在河阳诸葛爽手下做事,诸葛爽死后,牛存节对他的同伙说：“天下喧扰纷争,应当选择真正的英雄投靠他.”于是,带领同伙十令人投奔梁大祖.牛存节为人质朴、倔强、忠厚、谨慎,粱大祖非常喜欢他,赐给他名字,让他担任小校.张旺攻打汴州,牛存节带兵攻下了他的两个营寨.梁军攻打濮州,战领了南边的刘桥、范县,牛存节的功劳很大.亭罕之把张全义围困在河阳,张全义请求梁太祖出兵援助,梁太祖因为牛存节曾经在河阳做过事,熟悉河阳的小道,派他带兵作为前锋.当时,正处于荒年,军队行进中缺少粮食,牛存节用钱买来老百姓的干桑葚给士兵充饥,击走了李罕之的军队.粱兵攻打郓城,牛存节让都将王言藏在郓城西北角壕沟中的船中,约定正午时分渡过护城河攻打郸城.刚好梁营中起了火,郓城的士兵登上城墙看火,都说有伏兵不敢动,王言没有按约定的时间与牛存节同时行动,牛存节独自攻破郸城西门,夺取河上的吊桥,梁兵得以攻进去,于是就打败了殊宣.殊瑾遣到吴国,召集吴国的军队徐、宿二州．牛存节分析说：“吴兵一定不会先攻打宿州,然而宿州壕沟城垒一向坚固,足可以抵御敌人.”于是牛存节带兵急忙赶赴徐州,等到他们接近徐州城下,殊瑾的军队才到,看到梁军扬起的尘土,大惊说：“梁军已经到了,他们是多么的迅速啊!”没有攻城就走了.不久,梁大祖派使者到了,坟予牛存节军机一职,梁大祖的看法都与牛存节的相吻合,从此各位将领更加佩服牛存节的才能.后来升迁担任潞州都指挥使.粱太祖攻打凤翔,派人招牛存节前往.牛存节担任将领,法令严明整齐,并且深的士兵的拥护,前来送行的潞州无不大哭. 梁大祖即位后,授予牛存节右千千卫上将军.随从康怀英攻打潞州,担任行营排阵使.晋军攻下了夹城,牛存节等人带领剩余的士兵回去,行进到天井关,听到昔兵要攻打泽卅,牛存节回头对各位将领说：“我们虽然没有接到命令去支援泽州,但泽州是要害之地,不能失去.”各位将领都不同意救泽州.牛存节务求士兵好好地休息,木久对他们说：“事情紧急而不前去支援,哪里．称得上是勇敢呢?”于是举起马鞭冲在前面,士卒都跟随其后.他们到了泽州后,泽州城的人已烧毁了外城,准备投降晋国,听到牛存节带人来援助,人心才稍稍安定下来.牛存节进入城后,帮助泽州城的人防守泽州城,晋国的士兵想挖地道采攻破泽州城,牛存节选派数十名勇士,也挖地道对抗,双方在地道中交战,晋人进不了城,于是就解围而去.同州叛变梁国,逃到凤翔去了,梁大祖任命牛存节为匡国军节度使.珠友谦投降了晋国,同西面的凤翔连成了一体,牛存节东西两面遭受夹击.同州的水都是咸的,又没有水井,刘知俄叛变梁田,是因为缺水喝不能坚守才逃走的,所以,殊友谦与吱兵包围同州很久,想让牛存节因饥渴而军心涣散.牛弄节祈祷上天,井挖了八十口井,井水都是甘甜可以喝的,珠友谦最终没有攻下同州.蒋殷在徐州谋反,末帝派牛存节前去平定丁徐州,因为有功劳而加封大尉.梁、晋两国的军队在黄河上互相对峙,牛存节得了消渴症,而此时梁、晋双方军队正在进行苦战,牛存节忠诚激愤更加突出,整治军队,督促士兵,从不谈自己的病.后来病加重了,末帝招他回京师,临死的时候,对儿予牛知业说：“忠孝,就是我的儿子啊.”没有说别的事.
英文：
Cattle-to-deposit section, the word is Chan, Chang Bo Qingzhou people. Zhuge Shuang He Yang in the matter, Shuang single, and keep only the section Gu said: "The world is fury, when the heroes have to do it." Rate is the only person to the Liang Dynasty more than a decade. Day-to-deposit being strong-chung would like to, love Dynasty, thanks to the name, thinking that a small school. Zhang Bian extensions attack, the other broken kept Walled section. Pu Zhou Liang attack, fighting Liuqiao South, Fan Xian, Day-to-deposit more than reactive. Li Zhi Wai Han Zhang Quanyi in Heyang, all soldiers beg for justice in the beam, in order to keep Dynasty section of the story He Yang, know bypass roads to enable soldiers to forward to. When hunger is a year-old, poor line troops food section in order to keep people on Jinbo easy to do in order to eat mulberry army, take the hit of the Han. Gong Wei Dynasty, kept under section Li-Yang Wei, Linhe, Dynasty and will be in yellow.
Yun Liang Bing Gong, so that will keep section Wang boats possession of Xibei Yu Yun Ho, with a view to Japanese soldiers crossing over Kenneth Gilbert of Ji Gong. Camp will be in the fire, people Yun Wang Teng-city fire, made by Fu did not dare move, and kept missing festival period. Day-to-deposit alone Yun-breaking West Gate, seizing its bridge Ho, LIANG Bing get into all that was broken Zhuxuan. Wu Jin Zhu go, Zhao Xu Bing Gong Wu, places. Day-to-deposit plan said: "The soldiers will not Huai Initiative places, but places groove-solid base to the enemies of Islam." Night is urgent items to soldiers in Xuzhou, Xu Fu City, Jin soldiers to the side, looking from the dust, said Jing : "LIANG Bing has come, how fast it is!" Attack can not go. Yier envoy to large progenitors, the awarding military-to-deposit section, and noted the section intended to keep together by the Zhu Jiang is beneficial to their suit. Luzhou Duzhihuishi move. Dynasty Fengxiang attack, so that the call-to-deposit section. In order to keep section, the Act was good and thorough, and people heart and Lu were both sent to boohoo.
Dynasty ascended the throne, and worship right on the General Wei kN. KANG Huai-British attack from Luzhou, in order to make the trip Front row camp. Jinbing folder city has been broken, such as the section in order to keep the YU Bing, the courtyard to Kwan, Wen Jinbing Zezhou attack, the festival kept Gu Zhu Jiang said: "My line is not set down, but the crucial point Ze Zhou, also can not lose. "Zhu Jiang neither of the stronger. Day-to-deposit interest rate familiar ring Shizu, Yier said that: "The urgent thing is not to go, said Qi Yong!" Policy and give first, followed Shizu. Zezhou than to the state have been burning outside the city, Shanxi will drop, it is to keep festival, is set slightly. Day-to-deposit into the city to help people Shou-ze. Jin Point Road in order to attack, the Warriors kept dozens of excerpts also point to be, the war in the tunnel, the enemy can not enter, the solution to Jin.
Liu Zhi, the same rebel-jun, Ben Cheung, is moved to keep the military section Martini Jiedushi. Zhu Jin attached to the disaffection against him, even Fengxiang West, East and West section kept by the enemy. With salt water, and no wells known rebel-Jun Liang, in order to observe and can not go thirsty, so Youqian Qi and soldiers encircled a lasting, weary of trying to use thirst. Day-to-deposit prayer and the choice of 80 drilling, water Gan are edible, but not single Youqian.
Modi-lap, with the increase in book subglottic Pingzhang Shi, the only town the balance. Jiangyin anti-Xuzhou, keep off section of the break to add Tai Yu Gong. Liang, Jin away from the river, Xiao-to-deposit disease section, and Liang Jin side fighting hard, keep section anger indemnity-zhong shock, the military governor with a disability, the disease has not been made. Gram's disease, the response to the capital, Jiang Zu, the language industry know his son said: "One, also Wu Zi." Other than.

亩制(以亩为单位划分、计算土地面积的制度);亩级(田地土壤质量好坏的等级);亩积(每一亩田的面积)

青州历史悠久,名胜古迹众多,旅游资源丰富.明朝云门山的巨“寿”奇异壮观,隋、唐时期的驼山石窟造像群令人目不暇接.

1．
（1）孽：繁殖（生育）。
（2）左右：下属（ 身边的人）。
（3）诣：到……去（前往）。
2．C
3．
（1）你自己有县令，我为什么要参与（这件事）呢？
（2）（张允济）曾经在路上遇到一位种葱的老太太，（她）盖了小草屋看守葱。
4．夜不闭户、形容社会安定，风气良好。

[1]对傅永的才能是一个概括
点明主旨,.
不懂追问

傅永字修期,是临清人氏.幼时跟随叔父傅洪仲从青州到魏,不久又投奔南方.他很有气魄和才干,拳法勇力过人,能够用手抓住马鞍,倒立在马上驰骋.他二十多岁的时候,有个朋友给他写信,但是他却不会回信,就请教洪仲,洪仲严厉地责备他,不帮他回信.傅永于是发奋读书,广泛阅读经书和史书,兼有文韬武略.皇上常赞叹说：“战场上能击退贼兵,平时能作公开的文告的人,只有傅修期了.”
不明白的再问哟,望及时采纳,多谢!

小题1:C小题1:A小题1:B小题1:C小题1:有寇阳拔华者//往来关辅间//为患积年//朝廷命内侍督数州兵讨之//不克//平以好辞遣人说之//遂来归。小题1:①有几个侮辱张平的郡吏，后来全都获罪发配到京窑做苦工。②但张平...

至道元年,又担任给事中.这时候太宗在位已经很久了,冯拯等上奏请求立储君协助皇帝,皇帝非常生气,将他们贬斥到岭南,朝廷内外在没有敢说这件事的人.寇准刚刚从青州回来,进入宫殿拜见皇帝,皇帝的脚受伤严重,自己提起衣服给寇准看,并且说：“爱卿是来帮我缓解它的吗?”寇准回答说：“臣没有得到诏令是不能回到京城的.”皇帝说：“我的儿子中哪一个可以把国家交给他?”寇准说：“陛下为了国家选择君主,询问嫔妃和宦官是不可以的；询问亲近的大臣是不可以的；只有陛下选择天下百姓所希望的人才可以.”皇帝低头思考很久,屏退身边的侍从说：“襄王可以吗?”寇准说：“没有比父亲更了解儿子的了,您既然考虑到他可以,您的希望就是决定.”皇帝于是让襄王担任开封府尹,改封他为寿王,于是册立他做皇太子.从宗庙拜见回来,京师的百姓拥挤在道路旁边欢呼雀跃说：“这是少年天子啊.”皇帝听说了之后就不高兴了,召来寇准对他说：“人们的心都归属于太子了,将我放置在什么地方啊?”寇准拜了两拜恭贺皇帝说：“这是国家的福气啊.”皇帝把这些话告诉后宫的嫔妃,妃子们都前往祝贺.皇帝后来又出来,在宫殿和寇准喝酒,非常醉才回去.
至道三年,在南郊祭祀,寇准升任尚书右仆射、集贤殿大学士.那时候真宗得了风疾,刘太后在内宫干预朝政,寇准请求改变说：“皇太子是百姓都期望的人,希望陛下考虑到宗庙的重要,传给他帝位,选择为人正直的大臣辅佐他.丁谓、钱惟演,都是宦官,不可以辅佐少主.”皇帝认为他说的对.寇准秘密命令翰林学士杨亿上书,请求太子监国,并且想要帮助杨亿辅助朝政.后来事情泄露,免去太子太傅的职位,封为莱国公.这时周怀政想要谋反,而且害怕有罪名,于是就谋杀大臣,请求罢免皇后干预政治的权利,尊真宗为太上皇,拥立皇太子即位,让寇准从新担任宰相.客省使杨崇勋等人把这件事告诉了丁谓,丁谓连夜化装乘牛车到曹利用那里商量对策,第二天就听说了.于是杀了周怀政,把寇准贬为太常卿,担任相州知州,流放安州,贬为道州司马.皇帝一开始并不是情,有一天,问近侍说：“我很久都没看到寇准了,这是为什么?”身边的近侍都不敢回答.皇帝驾崩的时候依然相信只有寇准和李迪可以托付,可以看出寇准很受重视.

幼随叔父洪仲自青州入魏：小时候跟随父亲洪仲从青州进入魏国.
断句为：幼/随叔父洪仲/自青州入魏.
请采纳,谢谢支持!

88万 青州位于山东半岛中部,北纬36度4分至36度8分,东经118度0分至118度6分,为温带气候.西接淄博市临淄区,东临昌乐县,北靠寿光市和东营广饶县,南接临朐县.青其南为沂蒙山区,其北为鲁北平原及渤海,青州正当此咽喉地带,历来为兵家必争之地.青州境内河网密布.面积1569平方公里,人口88万.石灰石和铁矿石的储量较大.

青州,在古代是《禹贡》“九州”之一,大体指泰山以东至渤海的一片区域.现代则指中国山东省的一座县级市——青州市.市境西南还有一处国家重点风景名胜区亦名青州风景名胜区.
地理:
青州位于山东半岛的中部,自古以来就控制着中原往胶东的交通要道.其南为沂蒙山区,其北为鲁北平原及渤海,青州正当此咽喉地带,历来为兵家必争之地.青州境内河网密布.
历史:
青州得名甚早,禹贡中就有记载.汉代置广县,为青州治.三国时改益都县.1986年撤县设青州市,隶属于地级潍坊市.

1．D
2．B
3．A
4．⑴当地百姓对他的施政很满意,为他画像而并为他立生祠供奉他.
　 ⑵本来就知道把死和生等同起来的说法是不真实的,把长寿和短命等同起来的说法是妄造的.
　 ⑶我们已经出洞了,就有人责怪那些想出来的,我也后悔自己随同他们,以至不能尽那游玩的乐趣.

朋友给他来信,他却回不了信. 博永和吕蒙一样,开始时都只是武艺过人,但空有勇而无谋,大字不识几个.从而受到打击后,发愤勤读,最终达到了智勇双全的境界.正是：三日不见,当刮目相看.

报：回信
有朋友给傅永寄信,傅永无法写回信.
首先,因为读书少而不能写回信傅永以之为耻；其次叔父洪仲因为他不能写信而责备了他（深让之）；另外,叔父责备他不替他写回信傅永只得自己学习写；以上三点使傅永发奋读书

从齐门外眺望青州,满室欢乐的声音融入了船歌声中,十幅迎风招展的船帆半城的月光,最难描绘的就是归家的船只了.

1．①握，持 ②信
2．傅永遭叔父责备，受到刺激；认识到读书的重要性。(意对即可)
3．人只要想努力学习，经过刻苦勤读就一定能有收获。或说明了读书学习的重要性，一个人只要不间断学习，就一定能增长才干。

King Gong Zibo, Han Shan Yang Ping people. The clan. First give Xiaolian, slightly moved to Qingzhou provincial governor, impeach played greedy cloud two thousand stone number one, An Pangjia, Minister for worship. To build light year, was promoted to captain, moved to Ru'nan in the next year. The worship of gentle, good love, the introduction of county Huang Xian, Chen Fan. The constitution is unyielding, ＂ official fan. With gas smart, first arrived, Gong is summoned. But remember to keep disease. Gong Nu, in addition to the book to. See Cao Yuan Lang, said:" it was said 'man 's see was Yu Jun, not on the day, not only to see: a guide to see, not retreat." Gong Gairong Xie says: "it is I too." But reception with complex. By junior celebrities who convert to yan. The characters of high. A few words of male mansion life, do not repair the workouts, and who was. Yongjian year, for the passage for top, turn too often. In four years, moved to the master, go free. In the first year of Yonghe, thanks to those. The reign of Gong Shen, not business, Tongzhou County secretary. The provision of life, all the elders. Gong Shenji eunuch, to rectify, but the book was made its shape, please add it up. The door of fear. Each makes a guest and played the Gong sin, the emperor ordered urgent from reality. Former puisne Li Gushi as general Liang Shang in Zhong Lang Jiang, but played down to say: this once smell those princes decree from reality, not know the depth of how things. The Li Shu Hang Festival, London music art, not for it, not for Gou Hang, but to the faithful fuck, contrary to the common failure, cross for Channing. Destroy all know, every sigh, chestnut. Husband 3 respect, Chengtian like, righteousness and not go to say. A tiny feeling without exception, always bring points will, in the old code does not have sin, not to focus on. The Shen Jing Ming, not be not to manage. He has his change, is the name of a gain, no ambulance section of the princes shall be. This crimson Hou offend, Yuan Ang out, Wei Shang was brutal, Feng Tang v. the injustice, when you good, listed in the book. This will be on the army, the Apocrypha the power of the state, used to believe, that Zong without breach, should add table rescue, relief the difficult. - said: " the hungry to eat in." He was. Companies that say on the emperor, but release. Gong reign of five years, to old begging bones, died in the home. The son.

1．C
2．D

杨光远反叛了青州,有孙某在围城中,他的田庄在青州西侧.城门关闭了很久,内外隔绝,食物都吃光了,全族都愁苦叹息.有一只狗在旁边走来走去,似乎有忧思之态.孙某说：“家里没有粮食,人就要死了,怎么办?你能为我去田庄取米吗?”狗摇摇尾巴回应他.到了夜里,把一个布袋和书信系在狗的背上.狗就从水窦出去了,到了田庄就叫了起来.庄上的人开了门,认识这只狗,拿下书信看了之后,让狗背了米回来,天还没亮就进城了.像这样几个月,孙某全家得以不饿死.后来杨光远败北,城门大开.

翻译：
傅永,字修期,是清河人.幼时跟随叔父傅洪仲从青州到魏,不久又投奔南方.他很有气魄和才干,勇力过人,能够用手抓住马鞍,倒立在马上驰骋.他二十多岁的时候,有个朋友给他写信,但是他却不会回信,就请教洪仲,洪仲严厉地责备地,不帮他回信.傅永于是发奋读书,广泛阅读经书和史书,兼有文韬武略.皇上常赞叹说：“战场上能击退贼兵,平时能作文书,只有傅修期了.”