defend,guard,preserve,keep的区别

(2014·德州模拟)Some animals will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to invade it.Fighting，however，is not often the best choice，since it uses up a large amount of energy，and can result in injury or even death.Most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.The songs of birds，the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of monkeys are all warnings that carry for long distances，advertising to possible invaders that someone else’s territory is being approached.Many animals rely on smells to mark their territories or leaving droppings around the territories.Other animals will be warned off the territory without ever meeting with the territory’s defender.

Sometimes，these warnings may be ignored，and an invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory，or two animals may meet near the border of their nearby territories.When the two animals meet，they will generally threaten each other with visual (视觉的) displays.These displays will often exaggerate an animal’s size by putting up feathers or fur，or will show off the animal’s weapons.The animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without ever actually touching each other.The displays are generally performed best near the center of an animal’s territory，where it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.
Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.Serious injury can result，and old or sick animals may die，leading to a more balanced population size.Under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.The study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help us to understand human society.
小题1:What topic is the passage mainly involved in?

A．What animals’ territory is usually like.

B．How animals deal with different threats.

C．How animals defend their territory.

D．Where animal fights take place frequently.

小题2:For most animals，what’s their first response to the possible invaders to defend their territory?

A．Fighting in groups.

B．Threatening and warning.

C．Escaping before being hurt.

D．Asking partners for help.

小题3:What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in the second paragraph mean?

A．enlarge	B．change
C．shake	D．shrink

小题4:An actual fight will happen when________.

A．animals meet near the border of their territories

B．the invader enters the defender’s territories

C．the defender notices the invader smaller than itself

D．the living resources are limited in the territory

小题5:The last paragraph tells us that territoriality has an influence on the________of the animals.

A．communication	B．condition
C．population	D．migration

few people would defend the victorian attitude on children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. freud and his colleagues did away with all that and parents have been puzzled ever since. the child’s happiness is all- important, they say, but what about the parents’ happiness? modern child-rearing manuals（抚养孩子手册）would never permit cruelty to children .the trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. who knows what deep psychological(心理的)wounds you might cause? the poor child may never recover from the dreadful experience. so it is the parents that bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complex which a hundred years ago hadn’t even been heard of. certainly, a child needs love, and a lot of it. but the excessive permissive(纵容) of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.
psychologists(心理学家) have succeeded in weakening parents confidence in their own authority. and it hasn’t taken children long to get wind of the fact. in addition to the great modern classics on child care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. with so much advice flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do any more. in the end, they do nothing at all. so, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents’ lives are regulated according to the needs of their kids. when the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete control. lack of authority over the years makes teenagers rebellion against parents all the more violent. if the young people are going to have a ***, for example, parents are asked to leave the house. their presence merely spoils the fun. what else can the poor parents do but obey?
小题1:the author says that today’s parents _______.

a．are bombarded with excessive amounts of child-care literature.

b．draw a distinction between permissiveness and carelessness.

c．are only towards children from happy home backgrounds.

d．weigh their children’s knowledge rather than intelligence.

小题2:the phrase “get wind of” (para.2) most likely means _______ .

a．become used to	b．try to avoid
c．realize	d．become puzzled of

小题3:which of the following can be inferred from this passage?

a．victorian child rearing is a model for parents to follow.

b．psychologists have much to answer for today’s problems on child care.

c．with the help of so much advice, raising children is easier than ever.

d．parents like to enjoy the *** when there is a *** in the house.

小题4:what’s the main idea of this passage?

a．the excessive permissiveness of today’s parents is harmful to children.

b．psychologists shouldn’t interfere so much with child care.

c．parents should hold the victorian attitudes towards children.

d．children are too sensitive to be hurt.

Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he ______ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.

A．accidentally

B．carelessly

C．deliberately

D．clumsily