投标人将投标文件的正本和副本分别包装密封怎么解释?

这个问题本人基本看清楚了,但苦于自己表达能力有限,不知能否解释明白,试说一下,如有谬误或不清之处,请您和各位网友批评指正.
一、关于“评标标底=标底预算价×50%＋参与计算的投标预算价的算术平均值×50%”的问题：
这就是说在评标时,要有一个评标标底,并以此为标准进行评标.其计算办法是由两部分组成：
a.以招标人委托的中介机构编制的标底预算价的1/2为评标标底的一半；
b.投标预算报价符合“招标人委托的中介机构编制的标底预算价上浮3%（含3% ）至下浮5%（含5%）之间”条件的若干家投标者报价的算术平均值——比如有三家投标者符合上述条件,即将该三家投标报价相加,其总合被三除.
上述结果再乘以1/2,即为评标标底的另一半.
评标标底=a＋b.
二、投标报价计分
投标报价满分为60分.
就是说投标报价与评标标底相等的,可得基本分44分；在此基础上,每低于评标标底1%者再加2分.以此类推,最多加16分,至低于8%时,恰好是增加16分,那么44＋16=60分,也就是说这个价格是最合理的中标价.
在此基础上如继续下浮的报价,每再下浮1%,则从已得分60分基础上扣除2分,直至扣净.
投标报价高于评标标底的,每高于评标标底1%,则在基本分44分的基础上扣除3分,直至扣净.

这是严重的歧义,它利用了“或”做为选择连词和“以及”做为并列连词的功能.写作者的意图是想突出“以及”后面的部分,但是客观上造成了歧义.句式不变,可以有两种标点方式：
一、“对于已完工程,投标人或每个联合体成员都应提供收到的中标通知书或双方签订的承包合同,以及工程竣工验收证明.”
二、“对于已完工程,投标人或每个联合体成员都应提供收到的中标通知书,或双方签订的承包合同以及工程竣工验收证明.”
这两种表述分别对应A、B两种理解.仅从语言学的角度上来看,上面两种表述都是正确的.但是对于工程的实际情况来说,“验收证明”是很重要的文件,应该出具.所以法律上支持A理解的胜率高.不加标点减少（不能完全消除）歧义可以这样表述：
“对于已完工程,投标人或每个联合体成员都应提供工程竣工验收证明以及收到的中标通知书或双方签订的承包合同.”

所挖截面为梯形,上底宽为0.92+0.25+1.8*0.2*2（请注意,工作面放宽宽度共0.25M,不是各0.25M）,下底宽为0.92+0.25,套用梯形面积计算公式,该基础实际挖宽平均宽度=（0.92+0.25+1.8*0.2*2+0.92+0.25）/2=1.53M.

投标人完全清楚其应放弃提出一切存有含糊不清或误解的权利
应当翻为
The tenderer clearly understands that he should abandon all rights of raising any ambiguity or misunderstanding.

招标、投标、中标都不是组织或法人,是个活动
你要建房,就得找人来建,怎么找,通过招标选择；
你能建房,就得找谁要建房,怎么找,通过投标竞标来找；
选择了你,你就中标了.
要建房的人就是招标人,能建房又想找房建的人就是投标人,建房人通过比较最终选谁来建,这个谁就是中标人.

招标人 Tenderee
投标人 Tenderer
中标人 The successful tendere

A
首先说中标：用评标价法评标,那么谁评标价低,谁中标.甲的评标价950低于乙的990,故甲中标.
其次说合同价：（一般国际招标才用评标价法,这个办法很复杂）根据评标价法的要求,评标价即为中标价,即合同价.

根据自己公司的特点把公司的优势和长处写出来,如施工经验、技术力量、经济实力、施工设施以及获奖情况等等.

Various tenderers:Presently to wonderful auspicious automobile
limited company grinder equipment purchase (tender serial number:
0723-074007220008) tenders in the document the place to make
the following change,asks various tenderers carefully to scrutinize.
1st,the place change for Anhui Province Hefei 2,this
supplement document for tenders the document (the tender serial
number:0723-074007220008) an inalienable part.

举个简单的例子:
某学校的一栋楼需要安装暖气管道,想通过招标方式选择施工单位.这个学校就是招标人.想做这个工程的多个单位都是投标人.
工程确定下来谁做时,学校就是发包人,中标的单位(也就是定下做这个工程的单位)就是承包人.
挺简单的~

m不用计算呀，指的是合格的投标商的数量。如果投标限价为1万元（投标限价为招标方提供），那么合格的投标商的报价不能高于1万，且不能低于8千。

，要约

根据工作需要最后所求的基础挖土截面是一个梯形
梯形的底边=0.92m+0.25m=1.17m
梯形的高度即挖土高度1.8米
梯形的顶边 根据放坡系数（m）是0.2计算如下
梯形顶边=1.17+1.8*0.2*2=3.06m
0.5*3.06=1.53
(≥▽≤)/~啦啦啦

Bid bond
Bid security (bid security) to protect the buyer from the behavior of bidders because of the loss suffered by the buyer behavior of bidders in due time of the injury can be confiscated under the provisions of bidders deposit.
Any of the following happens,the bond will be forfeited:
(1) The bidder in the tender letter format specified in the tender period to withdraw its bid;
(2) the successful bidder fails within the prescribed period:(a) under the provisions of a contract; or accepted under the provisions of the bug fixes; (b) submit the performance bond according to the regulations.
According to regulations,bidders shall submit the amount of the bid bond requirement,and as part of their tenders.
Bid bond tender currency or another may be freely convertible currency,and use any of the following form:
(1) from a buyer's country or abroad in the credibility of the tender document provides a good bank with the buyer to accept the format or other format issued by the bank guarantee or irrevocable letter of credit,which should be more than the tender validity period (30 ) days;
(2) bank draft,certified check.
(3) cash.
Not the successful bidder's bid security will be provided in the tender the buyer after the expiration of thirty (30) days of return.However,any of the following happens,the bond will be forfeited:
1.Tenderers in the tender documents the tender period to withdraw its bid;
2.The successful bidder fails within the prescribed period:
(1) According to the bidders as required by the provisions of contract or acceptance of the bug fixes;
(2) Under the provisions of the tender documents did not submit a performance bond.
3.Bidders bid using fraudulently obtained.