He died young.中的young是做主语补足语,补充说明he的?还是做状语,修饰died的?

主语补足语和状语怎么区分.比如这一句：
He came back,out of humor.
这一句中的"out of humor"应为主语补足语.但说他是状语为什么不行.
再比如这一句：
He came back,tired.
为什么这句中"tired"又是状语了.
还有.例如这一句：
All countries should be treated equal.
这句中"equal"为什么是主语补足语.而且用的是形容词.为什么不用副词形式呢.
答：前两句的out of humor 和tired应看作状语,表示伴随情况,确实和句子的主语在逻辑上是主表关系（表语就是主语的补足语）,但不能说它是主语的补足语,因为句子中没有系动词.且没有它们,句子成立.
第三句话中的才是主语的补足语.该句用了被动语态.主动语态是：
We should treat all countries (as) equal.
这句话中的all countries是宾语.treat 可以作复宾动词,意为“将.当作.来对待”,如She treated the boy ( as ) her son.
equal是宾语的补足语,在逻辑上,宾语和补语之间有主表关系（all countries are equal).
没有这个补足语,则We should treat all countries这句话意思不完整.
将这句话改为被动语态,则宾语成了主语,宾补就升级成了主语补足语了.
这句话的意思是：所有国家都应看作是平等的.
如将equal改成equally,则这是副词修饰单宾动词treat(对待)了.
All countries should be treated equally.我们应该平平等地对待所有的国家.（We should treat all the countries equally的被动语态）

首先分清主语和宾语,跟主语成系表结构(即:what1 is what2)就是主补,跟宾语成系表结构就是宾补.

主语补足语=表语
宾补就是补充宾语
定语修饰限定作用

英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： S V （主＋谓）
基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表）
基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型 一
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等.
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ S │ V （不及物动词） ┃
┠———————————————┼———————————————┨
┃1. The sun │was shining. ┃
┃2. The moon │rose. ┃
┃3. The universe │remains. ┃
┃4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. ┃
┃5. Who │cares? ┃
┃6. What he said │does not matter. ┃
┃7. They │talked for half an hour. ┃
┃8. The pen │writes smoothly ┃
1. 太阳在照耀着. 2. 月亮升起了.
3. 宇宙长存. 4. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝.
5. 管它呢? 6. 他所讲的没有什么关系.
7. 他们谈了半个小时. 8. 这支笔书写流利.
基本句型 二
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化.be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.
┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ S │V（是系动词）│ P ┃
┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨
┃1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.┃
┃2. The dinner │smells │good. ┃
┃3. He │fell │in love. ┃
┃4. Everything │looks │different. ┃
┃5. He │is growing │tall and strong. ┃
┃6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. ┃
┃7. Our well │has gone │dry. ┃
┃8. His face │turned │red. ┃
┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
1. 这是本英汉辞典. 2. 午餐的气味很好.
3. 他堕入了情网. 4. 一切看来都不同了.
5. 他长得又高又壮. 6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱.
7. 我们的井干枯了. 8. 他的脸红了.
基本句型 三
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.
┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ S │V（及物动词）│ O ┃
┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨
┃1. Who │knows │the answer? ┃
┃2. She │smiled │her thanks. ┃
┃3. He │has refused │to help them. ┃
┃4. He │enjoys │reading. ┃
┃5. They │ate │what was left over. ┃
┃6. He │said │"Good morning." ┃
┃7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. ┃
┃8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. ┃
┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
1. 谁知道答案? 2. 她微笑表示感谢.
3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙. 4. 他喜欢看书.
5. 他们吃了剩饭. 6. 他说：“早上好!”
7. 我想喝杯茶. 8. 他承认犯了错误.
基本句型 四
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.
┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ S │V（及物）│ o（多指人） │ O（多指物） ┃
┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨
┃1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. ┃
┃2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. ┃
┃3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. ┃
┃4. He │denies │her │nothing. ┃
┃5. I │showed │him │my pictures. ┃
┃6. I │gave │my car │a wash. ┃
┃7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. ┃
┃8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. ┃
┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳. 2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔.
3. 他给你带来了一本字典. 4. 他对她什么都不拒绝.
5. 我给他看我的照片. 6. 我洗了我的汽车.
7. 我告诉他汽车晚点了. 8. 他教我开机器.
基本句型 五
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还
不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.
┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ S │V（及物）│ O（宾语） │ C（宾补） ┃
┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨
┃1. They │appointed │him │manager. ┃
┃2. They │painted │the door │green. ┃
┃3. This │set │them │thinking. ┃
┃4. They │found │the house │deserted. ┃
┃5. What │makes │him │think so? ┃
┃6. We │saw │him │out. ┃
┃7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. ┃
┃8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. ┃
┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
1. 他们任命他当经理. 2. 他们把门漆成绿色.
3. 这使得他们要细想一想. 4. 他们发现那房子无人居住.
5. 他怎么会这样想? 6. 我们送他出去.
7. 他要我早点回来. 8. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车.
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的
成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而
加以扩大.这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词）,也可以是
各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）.下面以基本句
型五为例：
We found the hall full.
我们发现礼堂坐满了.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-
ing to an important report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-
ing to an important report made by a comrade from the People's
Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关
东欧局势的重要报告.
不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类
型.以 get 为例：
He's getting angry. (S V C)
He got through the window. (S V M)
You'll get a surprise. (S V O)
He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)
He got himself into trouble. (S V O M)
He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)
在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书.（S V O M）
I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易. （S V O C）
I have to do something. 我得做点事.
I have something to do. 我有点事做.

主语 谓语 主语补足语
He died young.(young是补充说明主语he的一些情况的.)
John was cast as Halmet（as Halmet也是补充说明主语John情况的.）
He was selected as a president.
I work as a teacher.
在前上面的两个句子中,young as Halmet都是可以省略的,只是省略以后,我们就少了解了一些关于主语的信息,例如：
He died.
John was cast.
一般充当主语补足语的都是名词、形容词、或者名词词组、形容词词组等,不能用动词原形.

是主系表的

He was called Tom.
My brother was found by me sitting under the tree.
We were advised by the teaher to read more books.
He was elected captain by them.
通过被动态的主语补足语和主动态的宾语补足语互换形式,实现句意不变但句子结构的变化.

sth/sb be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.
在不定式做宾补的结构中,把它变成被动语态中,宾补就做成主补
I wish you to study English well.(宾补)
You are wished to study English.(主补)
The doctor warned you not to eat too much meat.(宾补)
You were warned not to eat too much meat.(主补)
2.make /hear/see/observe /watch sb do sth 感官动词和使役动词 用省略to的不定式作宾补,变成被动语态是 不定式变成主补,to恢复
I heard someone come up the stairs.(宾补)
Someone was heard to come up stairs..(主补)
He always makes me cry..(宾补)
I am always made to cry..(主补)

主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语.
eg.They caught boy stealing.
被动语态 The boy was caught stealing.
stealing 即为主语补足语
被动语态后的主语补足语
对于主语补足语,语法家们各有不同的看法.有的把连系动词后面的部分称作主语补足语；有的又把被动语态后的补足语称作表语,与被动语态一起称作复合谓语.笔者通过教学体会到,还是把被动语态后面的补足语称作主语补足语好些.这是因为学生很容易接受“宾语补足语”,而如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句,原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了.
一、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的.例如：
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
句（1）中的含义不是我看见他,而是我看见他正在打篮球.playing basketball是宾语him的补足语.所以叫宾语补足语.
句（2）中的含义也不是他被看,而是别人看见他正在打篮球.这里的playing basketball是主语he的补足语,故称作主语补足语.主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语.所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态,谓语动词是可以接复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的及物动词.句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语.
二、主语补足语形式种种
1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语.例如：
① The dog is called Karl.
② Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight.
③ He was found the right man for the job.
2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语.例如：
① The door was painted white.
② The old man was found weak.
③ The classroom is always kept clean every day.
3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语.例如：
① He is often heard reading English.
② The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab.
③ The glass was found broken.
④ The classroom was found crowded with people.
4.感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语.例如：
① He was seen to come upstairs.
② Ice is known to be in a solid state.
③ The spy was ordered to be hanged.
5. 介词短语用作主语补足语.例如：
① The books in the study must be kept in good order.
② He was found in good health.
③ English is considered of great importance for us.
6. as后面接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语.例如：
① English is taken as a useful means for research work.
② The news is considered as true.
③ The stool is usually thought as having four legs
④ The vase is thought as broken.
7. 由what引导的名词性从句用作主语补足语.例如：
The boy has been made what he is.
三、 主语补足语的判别
1.看句中的动词是不是可接复合宾语,而且是不是被动语态,与此同时还要看其后部分的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语.
2. 另一种最简单的方法是：如果还不能看出来就可以把全句改成主动语态,加上一个主语we或people等.改成主动语态后,看后面是不是变成了“宾语+宾语补足语”了,这样我们就可以判别原句后面是不是主语补足语.例如：
被动句：She was found reading in the library. (主语补足语)
主动句：We found her reading in the library. (宾语+宾语补足语)
被动语态
一、 被动语态的用法：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化.
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态.
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义.
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to .
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定.
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词.
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
补充：
系动词连接了主语和补语.这种结构中的补语是说明主语性状的,所以称为主语补足语.系动词作为实义动词的一类,具有本身的意义,但是在起到桥梁作用的同时,有些系动词会保持本身具有的意义,有些意义则会减弱或消失.例如：
1. I tasted the soup. ( taste 为及物动词,意思为“品尝”.)
2. The soup tastes wonderful. (taste 为系动词,意思为“尝起来,吃起来”,意思基本未变.)
3. He went to the cinema yesterday evening. ( go 是不及物动词,意思为“去,走”.)
4. At the news, he went mad. (go为系动词,失去了“go”的原义,意为“变得”.)
另外,英语中还有一定数量的不及物动词,完全保留了本身的词汇意义,同时又发挥着系动词的功能.它们与主语补足成分连用,所以这类词被称为“准系动词”(quasi-linking verb or half-linking verb).用于“S+Vi+Cs”(S代表主语,Vi代表不及物动词,Cs代表主语补足语)这一句式的动词都属于这种用法.有时,主语补足语不紧跟系动词,有可能被其它状语成分隔开.以“go”为例：
5. At twenty-four, Tom went half-bald. ( go 为系动词,失去原义.)
6. After midnight, Tom went home bored.( go 为准系动词,保留原义,但同时又连接主语“Tom”和主补“bored”,“home”为副词,表示地点状语.)
用于这一句式的补语可以为各种形式,如名词词组(NP),形容词词组(AP),介词词组(Pr.P),和分词短语(PP)等.现举例如下：
Type1: S + Vi +Cs (NP)
7. We parted the best friends.
= We were the best friends when we parted.
8. I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief.
= I am the representative of a family in grief when I stand before you today.
类似的动词包括： come (back), die, fall, go, leave 等.
Type2: S + Vi +Cs (AP)
9. They were born poor, lived poor, and poor they died.
= They were poor when they were born; they were poor when they lived; they were poor when they died.
10. She married young.
= She was young when she married.
11. The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm at night.
= When the morning dawned after the storm at night, it was fresh and clear.
类似的动词包括：arrive, come (back), dawn, fall, leave, lie, marry, return, sit, stand, turn out 等.
Type3: S + Vi +Cs (Pr.P)
12. The parcel arrived in good condition.
= When the parcel arrived, it was in good condition.
13. They separated with feelings alienation.
= They had feelings alienation when they separated.
类似的动词包括：come, die, fall, go, leave, lie, part, return, sit, stand等.
Type4: S + Vi +Cs (P.P)
14. They stood listening to him.
= They stood while they were listening to him.
15. He came home convinced that she was telling the truth.
= He came home and he was convinced that she was telling the truth.
类似的动词包括：arrive, die, fall, go, leave, lie, return, sit 等.

作状语的位置没有要求,unhappy放在句子后也可以,跟主句需用逗号隔开.
前一句作主补的不必用逗号隔开,作用相当于一个副词.

到现在这个还没有确切定有呢,有的把连系动词后面的部分称作主语补足语；有的又把被动语态后的补足语称作表语,与被动语态一起称作复合谓语.以下是一些例子
1.动词elect,call,name,make,find,leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语.
例如：The dog is called Karl.
2.动词keep,make,paint,cut,burn,beat,wash,find,consider,wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语
.例如：The old man was found weak.
3.动词see,watch,hear,feel,listen to,look at,imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语.
例如：He is often heard reading English.
.4.感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语.例如：　　① He was seen to come upstairs.　　② Ice is known to be in a solid state.
5.介词短语用作主语补足语.例如：The books in the study must be kept in good order.
6.as后面接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语.例如 The news is considered as true.7.由what引导的名词性从句用作主语补足语.例如：　The boy has been made what he is.

宾语补足语就是补充修饰宾语的

I‘m glad to see you.原因状语
He made me do that.宾语补足语
I was made to do that.主语补足语
The book is said to have been read.被动时态
The ship is said to be sent abroad.被动时态

1.修饰名词的成分叫定语.这句
"wishing to visit..."在 people后修饰 people,所以为后置定语.
2.主语补足语必须有两个条件:
(1)句中的谓语动词必须是及物的,后跟宾语+补语;
(2)主语补足语必须出现在被动语态的句子里,主补其实是被动语态的宾补.如:
I kept the baby sleeping.这里sleeping 是宾语the baby的补语.
但变被动语态后,
The baby was kept sleeping by me.这里 sleeping补充说明主语 the baby ,成了主补.

是的.dead主语补足语,补充说明谓语lay 的一些具体情况或状态的.

现在分词（Present Participle）
一.构成形式
doing （特殊的略） 现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作
二.时态与语态
一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done
所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式
三.可作成分
定语 状语 补语 表语
1.作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前
分词短语作定语时放在后 并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系 这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一
eg. a running boy
the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句
eg. a boy who is running
a girl who is standing there
注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语
注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语 不用过去分词 这是考试的易错点
注意3：某些现在分词作定语时 已不再表示动作 已经从分词变为了形容词词性 eg.an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语 但是不能转化为相应的定语从句 但是可以有三级变化（原级 比较级 最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰
2.作补语
高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况 不研究作主补的情况
只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补
1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at
2）使役动词：have get catch leave set
值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补 只能是用于这些词后 但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）
eg.I saw him singing now.
Don't have the students studying all day.
注意 ：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系 即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者
至于 现在分词作主语补足语的情况只须知道上述动词的被动语态形式中的现在分词作的是主补即可 无须深入
3.作表语
现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意3 有三级变化 可被副词修饰
eg.The story is interesting.
The match is exciting.

注意 ：表动作的现在分词不能作表语 例如上面例子的变形A boy is running.这不是主系表而是主谓（其中助动词is与现在分词running和起来作谓语） 关于句子成分的语法内容 有时间再为大家补充
4.作状语
作时间 条件 原因 让步状语事要位于句首 且与后面用逗号隔开 能转换为一个相应的状语从句
作结果 方式 伴随状语时要位于句尾 且与前面用逗号隔开 有时也可以不用
注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致．〔这个是重点 是考试和高考的常考点 大家必须记住〕
个人经验状语从句是万能的 而分词作状语具有局限性 当分词不能表示的时候可以用从句来做
1）作时间状语
eg.Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时,我看到他了．
可以转化为一个时间状语从句 When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.
当我要表达正在进行的动作时 我们可以在分词前面加上when／while
那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实有的时候也可以理解为时间状语从句中的省略 但是不是时时成立的）
重新注意一下所给出的例子
Walking in the street,I saw him.我是翻译成”当我在街上走时,我看到他了．”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时,他看到我了．”（这个是因为”分词作状语时 其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”）
但是有的同学问了 那我要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时,我看到他了．”那应该怎么做那?
可以用状语从句来做啊 因为从句是万能的啊
When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.
在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法
He walking in the street,I saw him.
这是分词的独立主格形式 我们以下会介绍 在这里不需太理解．
2）作条件状语
eg. Working hard,you will succeed.
3）作原因状语
eg. Being ill,she stayed at home.
注意 being是常用来作原因状语的
4）作让步状语
eg. Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.
5）作结果状语
eg. His friend died,leaving him a lot of money,
6）作方式状语
eg. Please answer the question using another way.
7）作伴随状语
可以转化为一个并列句
eg. He is standing there,singing.
5.作独立成分
generally speaking一般来说 Judging from/by 由……判断出 〔高中阶段只需记这两个〕
6.现在分词的独立主格
这个语法点大家原来没有接触过 所以会感到生疏 那么我下面就简单的介绍一下有关于”独立主格”的内容
独立主格,又叫独立结构.它没有主语和谓语,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式.
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开.
独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词（主格）,起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作.
在句中作状语 要注意它不是句子
其实我们曾经学过的”with的复合结构”是差不多的 只不过它要比独立主格多个with．
在高中阶段 只须理解现在分词和过去分词的逻辑主格
个人理解其实分词的独立主格实质就是分词作状语 只不过它不符合我们说的那条”分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”不难发现我每次在叙述这句话时都加上”一般”二字 那也就是说也有特殊的时候 就是分词的逻辑主语不和句中主语保持一致 也就是拥有了自己的独自的逻辑主语 那么也就是该用独立主格的时候了．
eg. Winter coming,it gets colder and colder．冬天来了 天变的越来越冷了
注意这句话 我们不难发现it在句中指代的是”天气”
那么当我把winter去掉的时候,那在形式上就是纯粹的分词作状语 那么我们也就是默认了coming的动作是由it（天气）发出来的 但是我们不妨翻译一下”当天气来的时候 天气变的越来越冷了．”显然句意不通 那么就是说coming的逻辑主语不是it（天气）,也就是coming拥有自己的逻辑主语 那么也就是winter 因为coming的动作是由winter发出的啊
注意当逻辑主语是人的身体部位时 如果后面的动词是vt 我们就用过去分词 如果是vi我们就用现在分词 其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语
如果是由身体部位自己本身发出的动作时就用现在分词 实在理解不了 就请同学们强记下来
eg.The boy lay on the ground,his eyes closed and his hands trembling．这个男孩躺在地上 眼睛闭着 手在发抖

他被发现是适合做这个工作的人,right for表示适合的意思,这句话的主语补足语在the right man for the job,补充说明主语he,希望我能帮助你解疑释惑.

Obama was elected president of the US.
president是表示头衔的名词,在此作主语（Obama）的补足语.
（　主动语态中的宾语补足语,可以转化为被动语态中的主语补足语.
　　eg.They caught boy stealing.（stealing 作为宾语补足语）
　　转化为被动语态 The boy was caught stealing.（stealing转化为主语补足语））
The central committee appointed Bo boss of Chongqing.
Bo是宾语,boss of Chongqing是宾语补足语.
上述两例,president 和 boss都是表头衔的名词.

实际上那是典型的主系表结构,如：you are beautiful,其中的beautiful就是主语补足语,它是用来进一步说明性质和特征的

of是跟着前面的词来的,不用单独区分开来.看来你很纠结这些成分问题.

英语么?
He is found in a good mood because he has caught this beautiful fish alive,and that's why he is so happy.
He主语,in a good mood主语补足语,because引导原因状语从句,原因状语从句中,he是主语,caught是谓语,beautiful作为宾语fish的定语,alive则是宾语补足语.最后一小部分why引导标语从句,在表语从句中he是主语,is是谓语,happy是表语.

可以这样理We were equal once we were born.
如果用：We were born equally.意思就变了,我们平等地降生.

He who stands there is a good student.这里he是句子主语,who stands there是对主语的补充说明

主语从句What is needed.主语从句中what 是主语,need是谓语,被动态形式.
系动词is
acts是表语

It is necessary for him to do so.
动词不定式【 to do so】作主语,用形式主语it代替之
如果要说明不定式的动作是谁发出的,可以在不定式前加一个以for引起的介词短语,即为状语.
新春愉快!

不是的.
主语补主语,通常位于主语之前或谓语动词之后,当然放在谓语动词被动语态的过去分词之后,
①主语补语位于主语之前,后有逗号
例：Tired and sleepy,I went to bed
②有时位于主语之后,前后皆有逗号
例：Chen,only 1.30 metres tall,won the first prize.
③位于谓语动词之后
例：He died young
He was found died.
④除形容词外,名词、数词、不定式,分词,介词短语,从句也可作主语补足语.
例：He came home quite changed,过去分词短语作主语补足语.

教材错了

譬如thatwhichwho引导的定语从句,thatwhich就可以修饰主语.
eg.The girl who wears blue is one of my best friends.
穿着蓝色衣服的女孩是我的一个好朋友.
其中,who wears blue 是定语,修饰the girl,此句为定语从句.

he back to home with starved andtired.

楼上的朋友,die不是系动词!这个句子里面,就是实义动词,young是He的主语补足语!
提问的朋友请听好哦-----我不明白你在说什么 但是
只发现：
第一个句子,不能改成被动.被动的前提是--谓语动词是及物动词
第二个句子不对,应该是-- He was found dead.（这个时候,dead是主语补足语,放在被动结构”was found “的后面）

不是的,是主语pumas的补语.定语相当于一种形容词,所以不可能是reported的.、
望采纳~

先评价，后，答案，说到做到，

主语补足语形式种种
1.动词elect,call,name,make,find,leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语.
例如：　　① The dog is called Karl.　　② Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight.　　③ He was found the right man for the job.
2.动词keep,make,paint,cut,burn,beat,wash,find,consider,wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语.
例如：　　① The door was painted white.　　② The old man was found weak.　　③ The classroom is always kept clean every day.
3.动词see,watch,hear,feel,listen to,look at,imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语.
例如：　　① He is often heard reading English.　　② The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab.　　③ The glass was found broken.　　④ The classroom was found crowded with people.
4.感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语.
例如：　　① He was seen to come upstairs.　　② Ice is known to be in a solid state.　　③ The spy was ordered to be hanged.
5.介词短语用作主语补足语.例如：　　① The books in the study must be kept in good order.　　② He was found in good health.　　③ English is considered of great importance for us.
6.as后面接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语.例如：　　① English is taken as a useful means for research work.　　② The news is considered as true.　　③ The stool is usually thought as having four legs 　　④ The vase is thought as broken.　　7.由what引导的名词性从句用作主语补足语.例如：　　The boy has been made what he is.

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行"，过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。

主语：Subject
谓语：Predicate
宾语：Object
direct object(直宾)
indirect object(间宾）
宾补：Object complement
表语：Predicative
定语：Attributive
状语：Adverbial

主语补足语,通常位于主语之前或谓语动词之后,当然放在谓语动词被动语态的过去分词之后,
一般表语都属于主语补语.
如i feel nervous.
nervous即是表语也是主语补语.
被动语态时,主语补语不是表语.
如He was caught alive.
alive是主语补语,不是表语
①主语补语位于主语之前,后有逗号
例：Tired and sleepy,I went to bed
②有时位于主语之后,前后皆有逗号
例：Chen,only 1.30 metres tall,won the first prize.
③位于谓语动词之后
例：He died young
He was found died.
④除形容词外,名词、数词、不定式,分词,介词短语,从句也可作主语补足语.例：He came home quite changed.

宾语补足语是补充宾语状态的,同理,主语补足语是补充主语状态的.宾补一般放在宾语后面,主补一般放在谓语动词后面.例如：
He entered room tried.他很疲惫的进了房间.（tired是主补）
Can you invite all of them in?你可以把他们所有人都邀请进来吗?（in是宾补）

*主补是对一句话的主语进行补充说明.
1.在主语的后面:
eg:Jessica,the best student of our class,won the game.句中the best student of our class是对Jessica的补充说明,让大家明白Jessica的身份.
2.主语前:
eg:Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.---Tired and sleepy为主补
3.谓语动词后:
eg:He died young.--- young为主补
*宾补则是对句子中的宾语做补充说明.也就是作为动词补语并限制直接宾语的名词、形容词或代词
eg:We call him Jack.句中Jack是宾补.

They heard her sing an English song at the party.
他们在晚会上听到她唱了一首英语歌.
被动：She was heard to sing an English song at the party .
答案来自：nciku(n词酷)网

“主语的补语” 是指补充主语含义的语句.
A.如果是名词当补语,则 主语 等于 补语
B.如果是形容词当补语,则 主语 不等于 补语
例句：1、She is a student.这里的She = student
2、She looks happy.这里的She就不能等于happy,“幸福的”是作为主语的补语,只能用来修饰,并不完全等同于主语.

宾语补足语就是用形容词、副词、分词、介词短语、不定式或名词等对宾语进行补充或说明,通常宾语补足语与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系. 现在分词作宾语补足语表示其动作在延续或进行,常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的多是一些使役动词(如：have/get/send/ leave)、感官动词(如：see/hear/watch/observe/ notice/catch/find/listen to/look at等),但是使役动词make一般不跟现在分词作宾补,但像完全形容词化的interesting除外.如： 1) He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 简析：答案为D.catch sb. doing sth.的意思是"撞见(碰见)某人正在做某事",是一固定用法,就像send sb. doing sth.表示"使某人做某事"一样,也是固定用法. 2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 简析：答案为B.find sb. doing sth.的意思是"发现某人正在做某事". 主语补主语,通常位于主语之前或谓语动词之后,当然放在谓语动词被动语态的过去分词之后, ①主语补语位于主语之前,后有逗号 例：Tired and sleepy, I went to bed ②有时位于主语之后,前后皆有逗号 例：Chen, only 1.30 metres tall, won the first prize. ③位于谓语动词之后 例：He died young He was found died. ④除形容词外,名词、数词、不定式,分词,介词短语,从句也可作主语补足语. 例：He came home quite changed,过去分词短语作主语补足语.
希望采纳

对宾语进行补充的词 ----宾语补足语
对主语进行补充的词-----主语补足语

*主补是对一句话的主语进行补充说明.
1.在主语的后面:
eg:Jessica,the best student of our class,won the game.句中the best student of our class是对Jessica的补充说明,让大家明白Jessica的身份.
2.主语前:
eg:Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.---Tired and sleepy为主补
3.谓语动词后:
eg:He died young.--- young为主补
*宾补则是对句子中的宾语做补充说明.也就是作为动词补语并限制直接宾语的名词、形容词或代词
eg:We call him Jack.句中Jack是宾补.

非谓语动词作定语造句
my grandfather,reading a newspaper in the sofa,is over 80.
非谓语动词作状语造句
the girl,absorbed in an interesting book,is my sister
非谓语动词作主语造句
reading too much benefits our mind.
非谓语动词作主语补足语造句
this novel,being interesing,is worth reading
非谓语动词作宾语补足语造句
he found himself surrounded by many people when he woke up.

主语补足语形式种种"1.动词elect,call,name,make,find,leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语.例如：① The dog is called Karl.2.He was found the right man for the job.

好像觉得自己学英语的时候对这些没什么概念说说个人想法先搞清楚补足语其实就是用来说明之前的名词的特征啊形态之类的比起主语补足语 我们说的更多的是宾语补足语但是两个道理是一样的比如He painted the closet pin...

动宾 吃苹果 吃是动词,苹果是宾语
主语没有补足语!

这是例外,一般不是的.

主语补足语
主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语.
eg.They caught boy stealing.
被动语态 The boy was caught stealing.
stealing 即为主语补足语
*主补是对一句话的主语进行补充说明.
1.在主语的后面:
eg:Jessica,the best student of our class,won the game.句中the best student of our class是对Jessica的补充说明,让大家明白Jessica的身份.
2.主语前:
eg:Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.---Tired and sleepy为主补
3.谓语动词后:
eg:He died young.--- young为主补