人主之患,不在乎不言用贤,而在乎不诚必用贤.夫言用贤者,口也,却贤者,行也；口行相反,而欲贤者之至、不肖者之退也,不亦难

前面几句容易翻译,主要是孙权战张辽不过大败,所作是自我批评,最后说：“十分惭愧,（教训）已经刻骨铭心,不只是牢记而已.”
书绅：把要牢记的话写在绅带上.后亦称牢记他人的话为书绅.

打错字了吧,原文是：时英宗初躬庶政,犹谦让任大臣,尧俞言“大臣之言是,陛下偶以为然而行之可也；审其非矣,从而徇之,则人主之柄安在?愿君臣之际,是是非非,毋相面从.总览众议,无所适莫,则威柄归陛下矣.”出自《宋史·傅尧俞传》
“大臣之言是,陛下偶以为然而行之可也；审其非矣,从而徇之,则人主之柄安在?”
意思是：大臣的言论有正确的,陛下偶尔认同并实施这些言论是可以的；发现他们的错误了,却还是听信、顺从他们,那么皇帝的权威还在哪里?

想确定平面和垂直面,就必须要有水准依和铅垂绳,想确定方和圆,就必须要有圆规和直角尺.当皇帝的想要了解自己,就必须要有正直敢言的人.所以天子要设立辅弼、师保之类的谏言官,就是为了让他们指出自己的过失.所谓人,总是不能了解自己,当皇帝的尤其是这样.存亡安危,不比寻找客观理由,首先要确保有自知之明.尧设置了鼓,想进谏的就可以敲,舜立有木牌,谁有不满都可以写上去,汤有专门负责指责过错的人,武王有警告自己审慎的小摇鼓,他们还害怕这些不足以让自己了解自己.如今皇帝没有尧舜汤武四个皇帝那样的贤明,反而讳疾忌医掩饰自己的错误,哪里算得上是有自知之明的呢?

则：那么,表顺承
盛：茂盛
所以：所以之,所,所处场所；以,以之,让他
令：命令,让
人主贤则豪杰归之：人的主人贤明那么豪杰就归顺（他）
上文开头三句说明了什么问题：
不要强求别人,要用自己的节操才能吸引别人

1﹒B2﹒D 3﹒C 4﹒（1）唉！士卒变坏竟然快到这个地步（“速”，快；“弊”，变坏；“一”，竟。）　 （2）这是轻贱自己想要得到的而看重自己所厌恶的，所要得到的又从何而来？（“欲”，想得到的；“轻”...

人主之患
人主之患,不在乎不言用贤,而在乎不诚必用贤.夫言用贤者,口也,却贤者,行也；口行相反,而欲贤者之至、不肖者之退也,不亦难乎!夫耀蝉者务在明其火、振其树而已,火不明,虽振其树,无益也.今人主有明其德者,则天下归之若蝉之归明火也.（选自《荀子》）
一、解释词语
1.却贤：拒绝贤人
2.口行相反：说的和做的相反
3.不肖者：不贤的人
4.务：务必,一定
5.明其火：使那火明亮
二、下面是：“人主之患,不在乎不言用贤,而在乎不诚必用贤”的四句译文,请把正确的一句选出来（B）
A.国君的毛病,不在于不讲使用贤才,而在于不必使用贤才.
B.国君的毛病,不在于不讲使用贤才,而在于不去真正使用贤才.
C.国君的毛病,是不讲不用贤不在乎,不去真正使用贤才,也不在乎.
D.国君的毛病,在于不讲使用贤才,在于不去真正使用贤才.
三、解释句子,并指出两个“之”字的含义：
今人主有明其德者,则天下归之若蝉之归明火也.
假如有能够彰显高尚品德的国君,那么天下人就像蝉趋向明亮的火光一样归附他.
之：1.他 2.取消句子独立性,无义.
四、下列与“则天下归之若蝉之归明火也.”中的第二个“之”字用法相同的一项是（B）
A.人主之患,不在乎不言用贤,而在乎不诚必用贤.
.人之为学有难易乎?
C.鸣之而不能通其意.
D.学而时习之,不亦乐乎?
五、这段文字的主要内容是什么?
人主要真正任用贤人,人们就拥护他.

士：人才,这里主要指读书人

B

法律,是天下的评判标准,也是君王的准绳

Date, a bit-chen (the number of the standby charge of Hill's) ignorant of the death of Zaibai appellation memorial emperor (in this case, Song Renzong) His Majesty: Robinson stealing enjoy the view of ancient times, take charge of the country (the right to Pole Star) the course of time, without sincerely sorrowful DA ( sadness, grief or sympathy, pity) worry about the world of the heart, even if no tyranny of child (cruel) punishment increases in population, while the world Wei Chang chaos. Since the Qin has been issued and those who enjoy the country falling into that of Emperor Wu Jin, Liang dynasty, Emperor Tang Ming Huang. The DDD who are somewhat smart intellectual power of the owners also. To enjoy the country the course of time, both inside and outside without suffering from, traditional (usual non-reform) struggling (only look and just), with no worry about the world grieved sincerely sorrowful heart, chemotaxis to (and through) At present,
But not for a long measure, since the disaster to disaster and could be no body, the body is often met disaster preparedness, and nothing but regret. Although the body or just get free, while the ancestral (ancient imperial worship Department, but also as the royal family on behalf of that in this case countries) solid has been destroyed humiliation while his wife, solid as a means of poverty, the world's people, solid in order to paste the blood (referring to the person's fat, blood) Tu Kusano (polluted countryside, referring to death), while the living can not be hungry since the storm robbed off on beam (catastrophe, binding) of the patients carry on. Fu Wei Ren descendants to ancestral temple destroyed disgrace, parenting, so that it more than housing (more than, linked to; than the house, saying that every household) died, the Lord of the Yi Qi Rensiao Ninja Down? However, Jin, Leung, Tang DDD, to Yan Ran (comfort
Look) will this person, thinking that their disaster preparedness can be Buzhi Yu of this, without realizing all of a sudden have to have.
Tai Negev world device (important precious things, in this case countries), non-Da-Ming Fadu enough to maintain, non-public building virtuous person, not a conservative. Gou no worry about the world grieved sincerely sorrowful heart, it can not exercise examinations (examination) Xiancai, and stress seems unclear. Xiancai No, Fadu or revision, to steal off (struggling through the) years, then the luck or could be nothing but time-consuming (empty waste time, delay for a long time), then finally Wei Chang is not chaos.
His Majesty the Emperor Fu Wei, Gong Jian virtue there is, there is the cleverness of it, there is Jen's love of things Italian, Japanese Jiu Yi Ran to enjoy the country, this sincerity when the sorrowful DA worry about the world, but in order to Jin, Liang, Tang DDD for ring time. In order to see Chen, Fang Jin court of the place, not indeed be able to get more capable personnel, and administration of the facilities, not indeed be able to the legitimate degrees. Officer chaos last, the poor people in the next, and customs of Japan in order to thin (thin cold, not kind-hearted), before (collectively "wealth") force to storm the poor day, and His Majesty the highest in the deep arch (stayed indoors palace, hand over intact. does not care about affairs of state), never given the exercise stress test was intended. This is why Robinson can not be stolen for the account of His Majesty without generously (sighing with emotion like) who are also.
Husband and causes delays, leisure and sensual pleasure (happiness) but not for, you can fluke a time and can not be prolonged. Jin, Liang, Tang DDD who do not know consider this, so disaster Nim (Nim, audio and tolerance, this means the crops mature, and in this case disaster brewing mature) bad change, was born in a moment, then asked Suiyu complex stress test to help ourselves, just nothing and carry on! The ancient quasi-(measured) today, then the safety of the world order, and disorder, yet can be promising. Was something, the Mo eager to today. Off today, while Robinson has nothing to fear and the regret carry on. What, then test the public consultation and sincerely to build more capable personnel in order to stress the Ming dynasty Fadu sincerity, Your Majesty, today it can not engrossed peace (feeling anxious look)? The book reads: "If the drugs do not Dusk dizzy,
Jue Vladimir heal illness. "(A phrase," the book said, life ", I mean that if Chile Yao, the herbs do not attack, and start feeling uncomfortable, then he would not have cured the disease. Jue, pronouns, Utah" its "; Liao, music pumping that healing) Robinson is willing to Her Majesty to life Wolves illness (a phrase from the "Mencius": "to support one that but missing the shoulders and back and I do not know also, for the wolf illness people." The point is to only know how to raise Small Office, I do not know to rear Department, was a doctor who in the dizzy.) to worry about, and not just as a bitter day Dusk dizzy.
Chen Ji Meng Her Majesty to adopt pull out (the selection and appointment), so prepared from the official (officials of Ancient Emperor's attendants. Zhizhi Gao was appointed Wang An-shih, an official attendants), the safety of the court order, and disorder, indeed pre-chen (participation) of their honor, this chen So they dare not avoid entering Vietnam (ultra vires) of the crime of forgetting to make the meaning of Regulation (obligation, responsibility). His Majesty ponder Fu Wei Chen Yan, a self-warning, then the world Xingshen!

景公让晏子出使到楚国,楚王进上橘子,放在桌上剖,晏子不剖开连皮一起吃.楚王说：“应该剖开吃!”晏子回答说：“我听说,如果赏赐在大王当面,瓜和桃不能削皮,橘子和柚子不能剖开.现在大王没有给我教导命令,所以我不敢剖开橘子；我不是不知道怎么吃橘子!”

1、怎么能说那些有才华有能力的人就不能来自有钱的人家,获得上卿拜相的尊贵的地位哪?
2、（卑微地）侧着眼睛看他（不敢正视）,侧着耳朵听他（教训）；嫂子逶迤而行（小心翼翼）趴伏在地,自己跪下拜了四拜请罪.苏秦说：“嫂子,怎么以前倨傲这后面卑微了呢?”

C

君主自以为是，大家便不提出自己的意见。
君主昏暗而臣下谄媚，这样居于百姓之上，老百姓是不会同意的
称赞贤能则和顺而有福，指出错误则忤逆而有祸，这样，怎么会有好的结果

1．C
2．A
3．B
4．（1）自己即使憔悴、消瘦，还是没有益处。
　 （2）使七十个穿华丽衣服的陪嫁侍妾跟随。
　 （3）知道它（良药）喝进去就（能）使自己的病治好。

这是叶适对两宋政治的基本估价.见于《始论二》.翻译如下：
国家因为唐朝和五代（曾受过藩镇）极度的弊害,因此收敛藩镇,把权力归于皇帝,士兵的兵籍、财源的管理（主要是税收和铜矿等）,地方长官的任命,都由皇帝亲自来做.想要享受（君主集权）的大利,却不想受（君主集权）的弊害,因此不信任人（不依靠个别的人）,而使用法律,废除官员,而是用吏胥（官都有一定的自主权力,而吏胥只是无权的办事者）,从一切细微之处来防止权力的分散,（因此）与古代的政治制度有差别,而权柄最集中,不分散.

　　【译文】
　　水泉很深,鱼鳖就会游向那里,树木繁盛,飞鸟就会飞向那里,百草茂密,禽兽就会奔向那里,君主贤明,豪杰就会归依他.所以,圣明的君主不勉强使人们归依,而是尽力创造使人们归依的条件.
　　强制出来的笑不快乐,强制出来的哭不悲哀,强制命令这种作法只可以成就虚名,而不能成就大业.
　　瓦器中的醋黄了,蚊子之类就聚在那里了,那是因为有酸味的缘故.如果只是水,就一定招不来它们.用猫招引老鼠,用冰招引苍蝇,纵然作法再巧妙,也达不到目的.用臭鱼驱除苍蝇,苍蝇会越来越多,不可禁止,这是由于用招引它们的方法去驱除它们的缘故.桀纣企图用破坏太平安定的暴政求得太平安定的局面,惩罚即使再重,刑法即使再严,又有什么益处.
　　严寒到了,人民就追求温暖；酷暑当头,人民就奔向清凉之地.因此,人民没有固定的居处,他们总是聚集在可以看到利益的地方,离开那些没有利益的地方.想要作天子的,对于人民奔走的缘因不可币仔细察辨.如今的人世,寒冷到极点了,炎热到极点了,而人民之所以不奔向谁,是由于天下君主所怍所为都是同样的坏啊!所以,想作天子的人,他显示给人民的不可不与此有区别,如果君主的言行与暴乱之君没有什么不同,那么即使下命令,人民也不会趋附他.如果人民不趋附谁.那么,成就王业的人就不会出现,暴君就庆幸了,人民就绝望了.所以,在今天的世上如果有仁义之人在,不可不勉力从事这件事,如果有贤明的君主在,不可不致力于这件事.
　　贤明的名声与不肖的名声全由自己的言行而定,不能由别人给予,这就象命运不可更改,美恶不可移易一样.桀纣贵为天子,富有天下,能遍害天下的人,但是却不能为白己博得一个好名声.关龙逢、王子比干能以死谏诤其君的过错,却不能给他们争得好名声.名声本来就不能由别人给予,它只能遵循一定的途径获得.
　　【对此文理解】
　　《功名》,就是功业与名声,怎么样建立功业,取得名声?韩非列出了四个条件.要想成功成名,这四个因素缺一不可.孔子就是因为缺少权势地位而没有成为人世间的君王.历史上有无数可歌可泣的人物,并不是他们的事迹不足以成名,而是其中缺少了某个因素.我们现代人要想成功成名,这四个因素也是缺一不可.如果缺少其中某个因素,不能骂老天,也不能骂社会不公,只有遵循自然的道路,顺其自然,顺应时势,等待时机或加强技能,争取民心或夺取权势地位,等等.如果有了这些,
　　【ps：希望对楼主有所帮助

哪里有游说君主却不能从君主处得到金玉锦绣,并且取得卿相高位之类的封赏呢?.
这是苏秦游说秦王失败后的发奋之词.相当于说付出了劳动怎么能得不到回报呢?

1．C
2．A
3．B
4．（1）即使身体劳累、消瘦，还是没有什么益处。
　 （2）使七十个穿华丽衣服的陪嫁女子跟随。
　 （3）知道把药喝下去以后自己的病能痊愈。

上问魏征曰：“人主何为而明,何为而暗?”对曰：“兼听则明,偏信则暗.昔尧清问下民,故有苗之恶得以上闻.舜明四目,达四聪,故共、鲧、驩兜不能蔽也.秦二世偏信赵高,以成望夷之祸；梁武帝偏信朱异,以取台城之辱；隋炀帝偏信虞世基,以致彭城阁之变.是故人君兼听广纳,则贵臣不得拥蔽,而下情得以上通也(而下情得以上达）.”上曰：“善!”
译：
唐太宗问魏征：“君主怎样是明君,怎样是昏君?”魏征答：“兼听则明,偏信则暗.从前帝尧明晰地向下面民众了解情况,所以三苗作恶之事及时掌握.帝舜耳听四面,眼观八方,故共、鲧、驩兜不能蒙蔽他.秦二世偏信赵高,在望夷宫被赵高所杀；梁武帝偏信朱异,在台城被软禁饿死；隋炀帝偏信虞世基,死于扬州的彭城阁兵变,所以人君广泛听取意见,则贵族大臣不敢蒙蔽,下情得以上达.”唐太宗说：“好啊!”
这是兼听则明的由来

胡编.瞎说.鐧惧害鍦板浘

原因是（帝王）在处于危急忧患之中时,肯定会付出最大的诚意来优待手下的人才；而等他的志向得以伸展,功业建成了,就不再约束自己志得意满的情绪,对周围的事物的态度也变得傲慢起来.帝王宽以待下那么胡人和越人都会同心同德.傲慢轻物就会离心离德.即使用威风与怒气来威慑他人,也是脸上服从而内心不服从啊,作为帝王一定要能见到欲望而想到自己的满足,将要兴建宫殿而想到能够停止,处于高贵的帝王位置而想到能够谦降地位,到了内心满满将要溢出的时候就想到谦逊,遇到了闲逸的音乐能够想到节制,在安逸的生活中能够想到后患,防止被蒙蔽就要想到听取意见,对镵邪就要想到端正自己,施行赏赐时就要想到应为高兴而僭越,施行刑罚就要想到因为这而滥用刑罚,兼备了这十思,来选贤任能,所以可以无为而治,有什么必要劳累神力,辛苦身体,来代替百官的任务呢.
（自己辛苦翻译,不准确请原谅,镵邪暂时不知道是什么,

苏秦是洛阳人,学合纵与连横的策略,劝说秦王,写了十多个建议书都没有派上用处,最后他所有的钱都用完了,悲惨而归.到了家,他的妻子不为他缝纫,他的嫂子不为他做饭,他的父母亲也不认他这个儿子.苏秦叹了口气,说：“这都是苏秦的罪过啊!”就发誓要勤奋读书,说：“哪有事情办不成的?!”读书快要睡着的时候,拿锥子刺自己的大腿,血流到了脚.后来终于联合了齐、楚、燕、赵、魏和韩国反抗秦国,然后带上了六国的相印.
做饭
困
终于
缺少金钱
怎么有做不到的事情呢
用锥子刺大腿

哪里有游说君主却不会成功的道理呢?（史记苏秦,意思说技艺已成去游说君王,君王会采纳他的建议）

哪有去游说国君而拿不出金玉锦绣,取得卿相之主的人呢
战国策里的