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关于香水方面专业英语

2023-06-24 08:36:03
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Chen

ABSOLUTE(纯香)

香花和芳香植物的最纯粹和浓缩的提取物,价格相当昂贵,相关的词还有CONCRETE(凝香体)。

ACCORD(调协)

一系列的香味混合在一起调和成一款新的香水(就好象在调色盘上蓝色和黄色可以混合成绿色)。

ALDEHYDE(醛)

一组气味强烈的化合物。多数是从酒精中提炼出来的,在现代香水业中运用得很多。它们帮助人们合成某种特定香料的香味。散发出独特的气息,同时可以使香水的气息加强。这种化合物最早是使用在夏奈尔的五号中的。

AMBER(琥珀)

从龙涎香中提炼的香料,在其它的天然香料中也能发现,比如琥珀香块(不是在珠宝业中使用的琥珀宝石)。见东方调(OPIENTAL)词条。

AROMACHOLOGY(芳香学)

香味对人的作用的研究,(比如,香味有安抚和刺激的作用)

AROMATHERAPY(芳香疗法)

用香油和其它的芳香物质做按摩或治疗方法。

AROMATIC(芳香料)通常说来,是一种有辛香味的植物或香料。更特别的是在香水业中,它被用来形容一些特定的香料比如熏衣草和迷迭香等主要用在男式香水中的香料。它也可以简单地被看成是"制造香味"。

ATOMIZER(喷雾器)

用来喷射或者制造气雾,(有一些已经成为收藏者的爱物)。

ATTAR(焦油)

也叫香油,或玫瑰香油。是从花特别是玫瑰花中提炼出来的提纯物。

BALSAM(香脂)

也叫香胶,从某种特定的植物中间提炼出来的厚而粘的胶状物质,气味像蜜糖一样甜丝丝的。(比如图鲁胶)。

BDELLIUM(树胶)

一种从热带的树上提纯的芳香的胶体(比如芳香树脂)。

BOUQUET(花束)

香水中花香的混合物,也是一种香水的合成方式。

CHYPRE(柏香)

从罗马时代和中世纪的意大利就是香水中重要的一个分支。现在经常被看成香水主要的族。在这种香水中,前调的用料(比如佛手柑)和中调的花香(比如玫瑰)长被木香和琥珀香的尾调柔合在一起。(比如橡树苔,广藿香,劳丹脂等)。

COFFRET(套盒)

一系列的小瓶香水装在一个礼盒中间出售。

CONCRETE(凝香体)

用挥发性的溶媒提炼出的精华油产品,当被称为玫瑰蜡的蜡状物质去掉以后,我们就能得到"纯香"(见前条)但是香水师们经常更喜欢用凝香体制香而不是纯香。

CONIFEROUS NOTE(松柏调)

松树、云杉、会树等树木的香味。

COUMARIN(香豆素)

在几种植物中间能够找到的物质,也可以从煤焦油里面合成,味道好象是新割的干草。

DISTILLATION(蒸馏法)

从植物中获得精华油的主要方法,,现在几乎都是用水蒸气来代替开水了。油蒸发出来并重新冷凝以后,漂浮在水面上,就可以收集起来。这种方法在公元8世纪的阿拉伯就开始运用了。

DOUBLE SCENT BOTTLE(双味瓶)

维多利亚时代的中期,有一种特别的香水瓶,两头都可以打开,通常一头是香水而另一头是嗅盐。

DRY PERFUME(干香粉)

近来发展的一种新的香水种类,如珍珠粉半是粉状的细末,涂在皮肤上面会四散而发出香味。

EARTHY NOTE(泥土调)

香水散发出类似泥土般的气息,在某种特定的香油中可以发现它,比如广藿香和香根。

EAU DE COLOGNE(古龙水)

18到19世纪在古龙地区发展出的一个香水品类,现在这个词的意思是有3%~5%的香油,被浓度70%的酒精稀释以后得到的混合物。

EAU DE PARFUM(浓香水)

是"水"中浓度最高的一种,通常是15%~18%的香油,被浓度80%~90%的酒精所稀释。

EAU DE TOILETTE(淡香水)

也被称为化妆水,原来是在水中得到的香味剂,现在的标准状况是有4%~8%的香油含量。

EAU FRAICHE (清凉水 )

和古龙水一样是极淡的香水,不过酒精的含量比古龙水要高。

EXTRACTION(萃取法)

也叫浸提法,是用溶媒提炼香油(或浸膏)的一种方法。

EXTRAIT(花净油)

在柜台上出售的最纯粹的香水。也叫提纯香或香精。一般含有15%~30%的香油,酒精的浓度也相当高。香油的比例低于它的香氛都叫"某某水"。

FACTICE(油膏)

用来展示和做广告的很大的香水样品。

FAN STOPPER(扇形瓶盖)

略呈扇形的香水瓶盖,可能比香水瓶本身的体积还要大。

FIXATIVE(固香剂)

也叫固定剂。是香水中的一种成分,可以让香水的香味持久,也可以让香水中其它的成分留存得比较久。通常这种成分都是胶体、树胶和香脂(比如没药、白松香等)

FLORAL PERFUME(花香香水)

以花香调占主导地位的香水。

FLORIENTAL(花香东方调)

以花香与东方香调占主导地位的香水。

FOUGERE(馥奇)

一种以苔藓和蕨类的味道为主导的新鲜的香味,多数用在男式香水里面。也是香水主要的类别之一。

FRAGRANCE BLOTTER(香水试条)

也叫闻香纸或者试香物。纸条上吸香味,可供香水师等人实验香味。

GOURMAND NOTE(食品香味)

也叫食用香味。香水里面包含某种食物的味道,比如水果味和巧克力味道。

GREEN NOTE(绿叶调)

青草和绿色植物的气息,散发在香水里面。绿叶调的香水是香水的主要类别之一。

HAIR POWDER(发粉)

一种带香味的粉末,用在17到18世纪的人们清理假发的时候。

HESPERIDIC(柑橘香)

从柑橘类的果子中得到的香味。

INCENSE(焚香)

用燃烧芳香物质的方法来得到香味,常用在宗教礼仪的场合。古代的乳香就是主要的用品,所以现代的焚香和乳香在某种程度上是同义词。

INFUSION(浸提)

亦称萃取,见萃取法(EXTRACTION)词条。

LIGHT NOTES(清香调)

清新、花香味、柑橘味、果味或者含有绿叶香而没有甜香盒气味浓烈的动物性香味。

LINEAR FRAGRANCE(线性香水)

一种香水的调性分类。二十世纪八十年代问世,这种调性是所有的香水都同时挥发出香气而没有先后次序。

MOSSY NOTE (苔藓调)

从苔藓和地衣中间提取的香气。

NEROLI(橙花油)

从苦橘树的花朵中蒸馏出的精华油。

ORIENTAL(东方调)

也叫琥珀调,在香水工业中这是象征着东方色彩的成分。气息浓烈。东方调的香水在香水种类中占相当重要的位置。

POMADE(润发脂)

用在头上的芳香剂。也是用有或者脂肪糅合了精华油支撑的香料。它是一小球固体的芳香物质,装在修饰考究的容器里面,在古代用做放松神经和预防病毒。以前曾包含龙涎香的成分。所以英文名的原意是琥珀球的意思。

POTPOURRI(混合香料)

顾名思义是一些香料的混合体,多数是干燥处理过的,包括玫瑰花瓣等材料,放在罐子和碗里面使房间气息芬芳。

RESINOID(香树脂)

一种用苯和酒精清洗过的树脂。

SACHET(香袋)

装着干花香料的小袋子,多数是放在衣服里面使其气味芳香的。现在这个名字也用来形容那种塑料的袋子,或者装液体的容器。

SILLAGE(这是法语,念成西雅,意思是痕迹)

是一种无形的痕迹,一个撒了香水的人走而留下的淡淡的气息。

SINGLE NOTE (单一香型)

一种特定的花或者植物的香味在这种香型里面得到强调。

STREWING HERB(弥漫香)

中古的时候用香料植物从房间的地板上拖过,从而使整个房间香气弥漫。

SWEET NOTE(甜香调)

香水业中的一种甜蜜蜜的气息,比如香子兰的香气。

SYNTHETIC FRAGRANCE(合成香氛)

实验室里对天然的香料的模仿,或者在自然界中不存在的实验室里制造出来的香味。许多的合成香氛都可以替换天然的材料。比如香叶醇,就代替了玫瑰的香味,但是要便宜得多,并且可以大量得到。在香水师那里,现在有数千种不同的合成香料可以备用。

TIGELLA(引管)

通常用玻璃等材料制作,探到香水瓶的盖子下面吸取香水。

TOILET WATER(化妆水)

参见淡香水(EAU DE TOILETTE)词条。

UNGUENT(软膏)

一种浓稠的香味剂,常用于将植物香料浸透进动物的脂肪里面去。是古代的一种方法。

VINAIGRTTE(香醋嗅瓶)

一个小小的瓶子,盖子被刺穿,里面是木头或者海面的物质浸透了香醋,做为嗅瓶使用。香醋嗅瓶在17和18世纪的时候常用,常用银子等贵重的材料制成,并且装饰华丽。

WASHBALL(浴球)

气味芳香的或者是有治疗作用的球状香皂,17和18世纪的时候常用来洗手洗脸。

香脂(Balsam) 香脂是能散发出香味的树和灌木的树脂,也叫香胶。在现代香水业中,常用的有秘鲁香脂、妥卢香脂胶、苦配巴香脂,还有安息香料等。它们的形状为黄色至苍棕色稍带粘稠的液体或结晶体,所散发出来的香味都有点香草香精的味道。

香柠檬油(Bergamot) 产于意大利,是从香柠檬树的果皮中提炼的橘子味的香油,愉快、凉爽、芳香的香气,青香带甜的果香,有清灵新鲜之感,33%的女用香水用到了这种原料。

苦柑橘(Bitter orange) 这种香油是压榨果皮得到的,苦柑橘树也叫毕加莱特橘树。这种橘树可以提炼出橙花油、橘花油和果芽油。从苦柑橘树的花朵以蒸馏方法提取,其香味混合了辛香和甜蜜的果香。大约12%的现代香水用到它。

乳香(Frankincense) 是从阿拉伯南部和索马里地区生长的一种小树上得到的胶状物。从古代开始就是相当重要的香料,至今还在运用。它大约出现在13%的现代香水中。

波斯树脂(Galbanum) 一种胶状香料,是从生长于伊朗的茴香类植物中提取的。它的气味是温暖、脂般的辛香,混合了绿叶和麝香的味道。

茉莉(Jasmine) 是在香水业中地位仅次于玫瑰的重要植物。香气细致而透发,有清新之感,为鲜韵花香,现代香水中的80%的都要用到它。其品种很多,西班牙茉莉也叫皇家茉莉,是16世纪以来欧洲最常用的品种。一英亩(约0.4公顷)土地的茉莉可产500磅(约0.45公斤)茉莉花,但绝对产量很低(大约0.1%),因为茉莉花必须在清晨还被朝露覆盖时采摘,如果被阳光照到,就回失去一些香味,所以茉莉也是最昂贵的香水原料之一。

劳丹脂(Labdanum) 劳丹脂也叫半日花脂,来源于中东一种岩蔷薇属的植物叶子。在香水业中地位重要,强烈的膏香,稀释后与龙涎香很相似,而且香味持久,很有价值。在现代香水中可以占到33%的比例。

熏衣草(Lavender) 最常见的香料之一。其花朵提供一种鲜嫩的绿色、清爽花香。法国曾有一段时期每年出产5000吨熏衣草。在英国,现在只有东部的诺福克郡(Norfolk)出产这种香水原料,一公顷熏衣草大约可以出产15磅香油。

柠檬油(Lemon) 柠檬油不仅用在香水里面,也用在调味品里面,具有浓郁的柠檬鲜果皮香气,香气飘逸但不甚留长。约1000个柠檬可以提炼出1磅柠檬油。油是从果皮里面压榨出来的,亦可水蒸气蒸馏而得。它被用在很多品质优良的香水里,多数是为了使香水的前调更具有清新感。

幽谷百合(Lily of the Valley) 早期的百合花香只有把花朵和蜜油调和在一起才能得到,现在也只能通过提纯而得到凝结物,却不能制成精华油。于是人们用化学合成方法获得了有史以来最雅致的百合花香味,该化合物被称为铃兰(Muguet)。因其具有雅致的百合花香味而成为幽谷百合的替代品。大约14%的现代优质香水或多或少用到它。

没药(Myrrh) 从没药树上收集的胶状物质,产于阿拉伯、索马里和埃塞俄比亚等地,很早以前它的重要地位就不只体现在香水上,它还有药用和防腐的功效。其香味颇似凤仙花,而且留香持久。没药油为淡棕色或淡绿色液体,在现代的香水中用到它的比例大约是7%。

奈若利橙花油(Neroli) 从苦柑橘树的花朵以蒸馏方式提取, 奈若利(Neroli)这个名字来源于一位16世纪的意大利王子。见苦柑橘(Bitter orange)词条。

橡树苔(Oak moss) 从橡树、云杉和其它生长在欧洲和北非山区的树木上采取。长期储藏会增加其香味,香味有泥土、木材和麝香的混合气息,持久性好。约占当今的香料的三分之一。同类型的还有树藓。

香鸢尾花油(Orris) 室温下为浅黄至棕黄色固体,香气平和留长,是蜜甜香中的隽品,散发着紫罗兰般的香味,由储藏了两年的鸢尾花的根茎经过提炼而成的。其独特之处是可以使别的香味得到特别的强化。在不少一流的香水中都能找到它。

广藿香(Patchouli) 来自远东的薄荷味香料,是植物香料中香味最强烈的一种,通常用于东方调香水中。其香气浓而持久,是很好的定香剂。在蒸馏之前,原料要先经过干燥和发酵过程。因为带樟脑样的香味非常浓烈,所以香料每次的用量要有严格控制。香油中独特的辛香和松香会随时间推移而变得更加明显,这是已知植物香料中持久性最好的。它第一次引起欧洲人的注意是在19世纪,那时印度商人带来的披巾上散发出这种香味,并很快成为时髦的香型。现在有三分之一的高级香水会用到它。

玫瑰(Rose) 是一种宝贵的香料,属于香水业中最重要的植物。被希腊女诗人莎孚(Sappho)称为"花后"。其品种很多,最早的品种是洋蔷薇,或者叫画师玫瑰,也就是通常所说的五月玫瑰,原来是法国香水的专用玫瑰。保加利亚的喀山拉克(Kazanlak)地区出产大量的大马士革玫瑰。还有一些品种在埃及、摩洛哥和其它地方被培育出来。现在已经可以明确的有17种不同的玫瑰香味,通常情况下,总含有蜜甜香的甜韵香气,三甜合一,芬芳四溢,属花油之冠。提炼1磅的玫瑰香油或玫瑰香精需要1000磅的玫瑰花,纯香精的比例更是少而又少,只有0.03%而已。至少有75%的优质香水用得到玫瑰香油。

檀香(Sandalwood) 檀香油主要从产于印度和印度尼西亚的檀香木屑和枝条中间提取,为黄色略带粘稠的液体,东方型香气,以迈索尔(Mysore)地区出产的最好,亦有产自澳大利亚的檀香油。这种树是寄生的,根吸附在别的树上。檀香油是制作香水最值钱和最珍贵的原料,它的留香非常持久,在优质的香水里面大约有一半会用这种原料作为基础的香味。

零陵香豆(Tonka) 从安哥斯图拉苦味树皮和巴拉圭豆中提取,产于南美洲。当树皮和豆被香豆素的晶体覆盖以后,就可以用朗姆酒进行处理,它散发的气味很像刚刚割下来的青草。用零陵香豆制成的纯香精用在10%的优质香水里。

树藓(Tree Moss) 在美国树藓和橡树苔是一种东西。而在欧洲的香水业中树藓特指一种云杉的藓衣,提炼物的香味很像某种焦油。常用在馥奇香型的香水中,并且有良好的固香作用。

晚香玉(Tuberose) 俗称夜来香,它的香味被形容成晚间香花满园的芬芳气息,香气幽雅,这种花提炼出来的香油在20%的优质香水中可以找到,特别是清幽类型香水。纯香精的产量很低,每2600磅这种花朵只能产出7盎司(约28.35克)的香精,所以它比同等重量的黄金还贵。

香子兰(Vanilla) 香子兰油是从香子兰花蔓上的果荚里提炼出来的。原产于墨西哥和美洲的热带地区,提取前要经过发酵。气味甜蜜辛香,自被考迪(Coty)用于"吸引"(L"AIMANT)之后,其在香水业中的运用越来越普遍,目前大约四分之一的香水用到它。

香根(Vetiver) 是从亚洲的一种热带草本植物库斯库斯(Khuskhus)的根茎中蒸馏得来的香油,为棕色至红棕色粘稠液体,有着泥土的芳香气息并且隐约有鸢尾草和紫罗兰的香甜。香气平和而持久,不仅可作为定香剂,还赋予干甜的木香。香根油出现在36%的优质香水中。

紫罗兰(Violet) 在香水中用到的紫罗兰有两个品种:维多利亚(Victoria)紫罗兰和帕玛(Parma)紫罗兰,前者质量较好,后者则更易生长。香油是从花瓣和叶子中提取的,但是因为成本比较高,现在大多数的紫罗兰香味是化学合成的。

香油树(Ylang-ylang) 在优质香水中有40%用了香油树的香油。特别地适用于茉莉、白兰、晚香玉、铃兰、紫罗兰等花香型香精,在香水香精中用它协调整个香气。这种从树叶中提取的香油来自东南亚,香气类似于大花茉莉,但更粗强而留长。开花2周以后,茉莉般的馨香才弥漫开来,这时就要立即将香味采集下来,所以蒸馏往往是在现场进行的。一棵树一年大约开22磅重的鲜花,而两磅重的香油差不多要用掉900磅的花朵。

金合欢(Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd)属豆科。主要分布于福建、台湾、广东、广西、云南一带,其中,福建漳州地区最多。取香部位为鲜花。

树兰(Aglaia odorata Lour.)又名米仔兰,属楝科植物。主要分布在福建、广东一带,品种以福建生长的为好。取香部位为花与叶。

当归(Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels.)属伞形科。主要分布在陕西、湖北、四川、云南、湖南等省份。取香部位为根和种籽。

芹菜籽(Apium graveolens L.)属伞形科。广泛种植于我国南北各地。取香部位为种籽。

欧洲白桦(Betula pendula Roth.) 属桦木科。主要分布在东北、西北和华北一带,取香部位为树皮和树干。

依兰(Cananga odorata Hook.f.et.Thoms.forma genuina) 又名依兰香,属番荔枝科、卡南加属植物。60年代初期,我国分别从印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡、老挝引入依兰香品种。取香部位为依兰依兰鲜花。

芳樟(Cinnamomum camphora var. linaolifera Fujita) 属樟科植物。广泛分布于福建、台湾、浙江、江西、湖南、广西、贵州等省。取香部位为根、树干和叶。

肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia Blume)属樟科植物。主要分布于广东、广西一带。取香部位为树皮和枝叶。

黄樟(Cinnamomum micranthum Hayata)属樟科植物。分布于江西、广东、广西、四川、贵州、福建一带。取香部位为根、枝和心木部分。

岩蔷薇(Cistus ladaniferus L.)又名赖百当,属半日花科。现栽培于江苏和浙江一带。取香部位为嫩枝和叶。

桔(Citrus aeliciosa)属芸香科。广泛分布于浙江、福建、湖南、四川、广东、广西、云南等省。取香部位主要为果实,桔叶也可利用。

玳玳(Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl.) 属芸香科。主要栽培在浙江、江苏、福建和四川等地。取香部位为叶、花、果。

柠檬(Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.)属芸香科。主要分布于四川、广东、广西、云南一带,以四川栽培的尤力克(ureka)品种为最好。取香部位为果实和叶。

甜橙(Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.)属芸香科。主要产于广东、四川、福建、浙江、湖南等省。主要取香部位为果实的果皮,有时,叶和花也可利用。

柏木(Cupressus funebris Endl.)属柏科。广泛分布于贵州、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、湖北和四川等省。取香部位为主干心木。

爪哇香茅(Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.) 属禾本科。主要分布于海南和广东省的雷州半岛和广西南部与云南省。取香部位为地上部分的全草。

柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora W.J.Hooker.)属桃金娘科。主要分布于广东、广西、四川、云南、湖南等省。取香部位为叶。

树苔(Evernia furfuracea L.Mann) 又名橡苔(Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach)属松萝科植物。主要分布于云南地区,是生长于树上的苔藓植物。

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.)属茜草科。分布于浙江、江苏、四川和广东一带。取香部位为鲜花。

八角茴香(Illicium verum Hook.f.)属木兰科。主要分布于广西、广东、贵州、云南等省。取香部位为干果。

鸢尾 有三种:佛罗伦萨鸢尾(Iris florentine Dykes.)、香根鸢尾(Iris pallida Lam.)、德国鸢尾(Iris germenica L.),均属鸢尾科。主要分布于浙江、云南一带。取香部位为根部。

大花茉莉(Jasminum grandiflorum L.)属木犀科茉莉属。原产于法国南部、意大利、摩洛哥和埃及等国。我国于1957年引种,现栽培于广东和福建一带。取香部位为鲜花。

茉莉(Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait)属木犀科茉莉属。广泛栽培于广东、广西、云南、福建、浙江、江苏等省。取香部位为鲜花。

熏衣草(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)属唇形科。50年代由国外引种,现主要栽培于新疆地区,西安和河南亦有少量栽培。取香部位为花序。

山苍籽(Litsea cubeba (Lour) Pers (L.citrata Bl)) 属樟科植物。广泛分布于湖南、广西、广东、福建、浙江、江西、四川、云南、贵州、台湾等省。取香部位主要为种籽。

灵香草(Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance)属报春花科。主要分布于广西、云南、贵州、四川、湖北等省。取香部位为叶。

薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx Briq)又名亚洲薄荷,属唇形科。主要产于江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、四川等地。取香部位为植株上部的茎、叶、花。

留兰香(Mentha spicata L.) 又名绿薄荷,属唇形科。主要产于江西、浙江、四川。取香部位为植株上部的茎、叶、花。

白兰花(Michelia alba DC.)又名白玉兰,属木兰科。广泛栽培于广东、福建、广西、四川、台湾等地,浙江、苏州亦有盆栽。取香部位为鲜花、叶。

黄兰(Michelia champaca L.)属木兰科。主要种植于广东、福建一带。取香部位为鲜花和叶。

丁香罗勒(Ocimum gratissimum L.,var.suave (Willd.) Hook.f.)属唇形科。主要分布于广西、广东和福建等地。取香部位为花序、叶和嫩茎。

桂花(Osmanthus fragrants Lour.)属木犀科,品种有丹桂、金桂、银桂、四季桂等。主要分布在广西、贵州、湖南、浙江、安徽、江苏和湖北一带。取香部位为鲜花,香气质量以金桂、银桂为佳,丹桂次之。

香叶天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens L.Her.)又名香叶,属 牛儿苗科。主要分布于云南和四川省。取香部位为植株上部的茎叶和花序。

胡椒(Piper nigrum L.)属胡椒科。成熟的胡椒果实称为黑胡椒。大量栽培于广东南部和海南省。取香提油的原料为未去皮的黑胡椒。

广藿香(Pogostemon cablin Benth)属唇形科植物。主要产于广东和海南一带。取香部位为全草(根部除外)。

墨红(Rosa chinensis Jacq "Crimson Glory"H.T.)属蔷薇科。主要分布于浙江、江苏一带,为杂交香水月季类的一个品种。取香部位为鲜花。

重瓣玫瑰(Rosa rugosa var. plena Rehd)属蔷薇科。主要分布于山东、江苏、河北、甘肃、辽宁、云南、广东等省。取香部位为鲜花。

檀香(Santalum album L.)属檀香科是半寄生植物,原产于东印度、西印度和澳大利亚,我国于60年代引入后,现主要栽培于广东省。取香部位为树干(心木)。

香榧(Torreya grandis Fort.)又名香榧子,属红豆衫科。主要分布于江浙一带。取香部位为果实。

香荚兰(Vanilla planifolia Andr.)属兰科植物。引种自国外,现主要栽培于云南省西双版纳和海南省。取香部位为香荚兰的荚果。

岩兰草(Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.)又名香根草,属禾本科。原产于印度、爪哇、海地、留尼汪岛,我国在50年代末期引入海南,现广泛栽培于广东、福建和浙江一带。取香部位为根部。

龙涎香(Ambergris):为抹香鲸吃了墨鱼以后的排泄物,一团团地漂浮在热带的海面和浪潮冲刷过的海滩,形状和大小不一。使用前最少要晾吹3年。

麝香(Musk):是从雄性喜马拉雅麝鹿身上提取的颗粒状晶体,囊体约有胡桃大小,提取过程毋需杀害麝鹿。在所有香料品种中,香味最浓烈,针尖大的一点可在相当大的范围内持续飘香几周,若在手帕上滴一滴可以留香几十年。

灵猫香(Civet):从香猫的香腺体中提取,看起来有点像黄油,埃塞俄比亚、缅甸和泰国都出产这种香猫。

海狸香(Castoreum):是从海狸的液囊里面提取的一种红棕色的奶油状分泌物。从公元9世纪起就有人用,最早的使用者是阿拉伯人。

南yi

  [品牌我就不多说了]

  毕扬(Bijan)

  欢乐(Joy)

  第凡内(Tiffany)

  狄娃(Diva)

  鸦片(Opium)

  小马车(Caleche)

  艾佩芝(Arpege

  香奈尔5号香水(Chane1 No.5)

  夏尔美(Shalimar)

  象牙(I”voire)

  【香水种类】

  1.单花型single flower 2.混合花型mix flower 3.植物型plant 5.柑桔型sweet orange 7.森林型 forest

  8.花香型flower fragrance9.百花型 hundred flowers10.现代型 modern 11.青香型 blue odor type

  12.水果型 fruit

  1.香精(perfum)

  2.淡香精(EAU DE PARFUM)

  3.香水(EAU DE TOILETTE)

  4.古龙水(Eau de cologne)

  【香水原料】

  香脂(Balsam)

  佛手柑油(Bergamot)

  橘(Bitter orange)

  波斯树脂(Galbanum)

  茉莉(Jasmine)

  劳丹脂(Labdanum)

  薰衣草(Lavender)

  幽谷百合(Lily of the Valley)

  没药(Myrrh)

  香鸢尾花油(Orris)

  广藿香(Patchouli)

  玫瑰(Rose)

  檀香(Sandalwood)

  零陵香豆(Tonka)

  树藓(Tree Moss)

  晚香玉(Tuberose)

  香子兰(Vanilla)

  紫罗兰(Violet)

  香油树(Ylang-ylang)

  原料Raw material 日期 date 喷头 nozzle 前味(Top Note) 中味(Middle Note)和后味(low Note)

  化妆香水 toilet water喷雾式香水 atomizer

豆豆staR

香水 perfume

香气 fragrance

闻香纸 perfume-blotter

喷雾式香水 atomizer

香水喷瓶 atomizer

化妆香水 toilet water

香水瓶 scent-bottle

nicehost

喷雾式香水 atomizer

香水喷瓶 atomizer

化妆香水 toilet water

香水瓶 scent-bottle

北境漫步

香水 perfume

香气 fragrance

闻香纸 perfume-blotter

前味(Top Note) 中味(Middle Note)和后味(low Note)

FinCloud

香精 Parfum

香水 Eau de Parfum

淡香水 Eau de Toiette

古龙水 Eau de Cologne

香水的专业术语大都是法语的,这些香水的分类也都是法语。

苏萦

香水 perfume

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2023-06-24 05:26:165

lady gaga的新曲goverment hooker歌词及翻译

Gaga, Gaha-aaaaah 嘎嘎 嘎哈哈哈   Gaga, Gaho-oooooh 嘎嘎 嘎吼吼吼   Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我要变了   Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我要变了   Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我要变了   Government Hooker-ey 官妓呀   VERSE 1:   I can be good (If you just wanna be bad) 我会无可媲美(除非你就想变坏)   I can be cool (If you just wanna be mad) 谁叫人家如此潇洒(除非你刻意生气)   I can be anything, I"ll be your everything 我可以千变万化,你拥有我   Just touch me baby (I don"t wanna be sad) 侵犯我的心灵吧(我不想生气)   PRE-CHORUS   As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是你的妓女(支持而行动)   As long as I"m your hooker (Hands on the ground) 只要我是你的妓女(把手按在大地)   As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是你的妓女(支持而行动)   As long as I"m your hooker (Get down) 只要我是你的妓女(快放下)   CHORUS:   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)  Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   POST-CHORUS:   I"m gonna drink my tears tonight, 今夜我将痛哭流涕   I"m gonna drink my tears and cry, 然后咽下泪水止不住得哭   "cause I know you love me baby. 就源起于我读懂了你的爱   I know you love me, baby! 我读懂了你的爱   VERSE 2:   I could be girl (Unless you want to be man) 我可以做个女子(除非你想做男人)   I could be sex (Unless you want to hold hands) 我可以做支性的手枪(除非你举起手来)   I could be anything, I could be everything (Iku Iku [Japanese - I"m cumming]) 我可以千变万化(我的高潮)   I could be mom (Unless you want to be dad) (oy, [Spanish - oh, Daddy!]) 我是母(除非你是父)(爸爸)   POST-CHORUS:   As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是你的妓女(支持而行动)   As long as I"m your hooker (Hands on the ground) 只要我是你的妓女(把手按在大地)   As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around)只要我是你的妓女 (支持而行动)   As long as I"m your hooker (Get down) 只要我是你的妓女(快放下)   CHORUS:   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   BRIDGE:   Put your hands on me, 把手放在我的怀里   John F. Kennedy. 约翰肯尼迪   I"ll make you squeal baby, 亲爱的,我要令你尖叫   as long as you pay me - ow! 像你雇我一样日月煎熬,奥   POST-CHORUS   I"m gonna drink my tears tonight, 今夜我将痛哭流涕   I"m gonna drink my tears and cry, 然后咽下泪水止不住得哭   "cause I know you love me baby. 就源起于我读懂了你的爱   I know you love me, baby! 我读懂了你的爱   CHORUS:   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   I could be girl (Unless you want to be man) 我可以做个女子(除非你想做男人)   I could be sex (Unless you want to hold hands) 我可以做支性的手枪(除非你举起手来)   I could be anything, I could be everything (Iku Iku [Japanese - I"m cumming]) 我可以千变万化(我的高潮)   I could be mom (Unless you want to be dad) (oy, [Spanish - oh, Daddy!]) 我是母(除非你是父)(爸爸)   OUTRO:   I wanna fu-[BEEP] a government hooker, 我想上了一个官场的妓女   Stop fu-[BEEP-ING] me, government hooker! 停住上我,官妓   I wanna fu-[BEEP] a government hooker, 我想上了一个官场的妓女   Stop fu-[BEEP-ING] me, government hooker! 停住上我,官妓   Get down, yeah! 放下重担,松一口气   I can be sex. 我是性手枪
2023-06-24 05:26:301

法律多元主义

一、什么是法律多元? 多元性、多元论是一个复杂的名词,可以从多种角度、多种层次上进行解读,通常我们认为它是哲学上的一个名词,英文叫pluralism。而法的多元性则表示法律规范由多个层次组成,它不仅限于一个等级结构的范围。这是一个法律社会学和法律人类学的概念。J.Griffiths在它的《什么是法律多元》一文中宣称:“就法律的社会科学研究来说它体现了一个新的研究范式,那就是法律多元。”他认为所有社会的法律秩序不是一个由国家决定的单一的、系统的、统一的等级规范秩序的命题,相反它来源于多个社会层面,并且能够自我管理。 法律多元主义是与法律中心(一元)主义(或叫国家主义、集权主义)相对应的一个概念,意味着法律不可能只有一个中心。这也是不少学者在论及法律多元问题时,经常将国家法、官方法与民问法、习惯法、宗教法相提并论的一个重要原因。早在1972年,Jacques Vanderlinden就对法律多元问题进行过认真的研究,他认为法律多元是指在一个特殊的社会存在诸多不同的法律而在同一种情形下适用的状况,并对法律多元的各种情况进行了分析。其后,M.B.Hooker又对法律多元进行了分析与研究。他的著作《法律多元》从殖民统治的角度对法律多元进行了思考,他认为法律多元是指在同一情形下有两个以上的法律相互作用情况。自此,法律多元才成为学术界的前沿问题。在法律多元的研究方面,值得注意的还有两篇专门以法律多元为题的论文,他们在前人研究的基础上对法律多元进行了认真的分析。一篇是J.Grif-fiths教授的《什么是法律多元》,另一篇是Sally En一gle Merry教授的《法律多元》。J.Griffiths教授在批评Hooker、John Gilissen与Jacques Vanderlinden的基础上提出了自己关于法律多元问题的思考。文章从叙述性的法律多元主义、已经存在的叙述性的法律多元主义的概念与法律多元的社会结构理论三个方面对法律多元进行了比较广泛的讨论。他强调法律多元概念是社会意义上的而不是法律意义上的,并认为法律多元应该从社会学的角度来探讨,而不应该从法、法律或法律系统来研究,法律多元与社会多元是相伴而生的。在一个统一体下存在的不统一的法律体并不代表法律多元主义。最后,他总结说法律多元是人类社会普遍存在的、正常的现象,但它并不意味着法律或法律制度共同存在于一个系统之下,而仅仅表明在所有多元化的社会领域里,它们在进行自我管理与自我约束上有它们自己的根源”。也有学者认为从根本上看法律多元是政治问题,但是却为多数政治学者所忽视。 20世纪末21世纪初,法律多元已经成为法学界广泛讨论的话题。学者从多维视角出发,进一步对法律多元现象进行分析与解读,虽然到目前为止,到底什么是法律多元或法律多元主义仍然没有一个统一的并为人们所认可的定义,学者都是从自己的研究角度出发对法律多元或法律多元主义进行解读,但是有一点可以肯定——无论学者从何种角度进行研究—那就是法律多元意味着法律应该有多种中心、多个层次,在一定的条件下存在着两个或两个以上可供人们适用的法律规范,而不能仅仅只有一个法律规范。这对长期以来形成的国家法律中心主义提出了质疑与挑战。 二、法律多元现象的形成与分类 法律多元在形成原因上存在多种看法。到底是什么情况造成了法律多元。一般认为法律多元最早是人类学与社会学方面的学者提出的。他们对西方殖民统治以前的土著人的法律与规范很感兴趣,想知道在没有西方法律制度的情况下他们是如何维持社会秩序的。20世纪70年代以后,法学界才真正开始运用社会学与人类学的方法研究法律问题。他们分析了西方殖民统治给殖民地的法律所带来的变化,通过对美洲的印第安人、澳大利亚的土著人、印度、非洲等领域的研究,提出了法律移植是形成法律多元的一个重要途径。M.B.Hooker的《法律多元》就是从法律移植与继受的角度来看法律多元的。他认为继受的法律并未替代原有的法律,无论是大陆法系还是普通法系在其殖民地也并未消灭当地的宗教与习惯法,而是二者共存。 总的来看,应该说法律多元是在多种因素的影响下逐渐形成起来的。一国社会政治、经济、文化受到外来因素的长期影响,使得外来因素事实上成为该国文化一个不可分割的一部分的时候,我们就可以认为这个国家存在文化多元现象。由于文化多元现象的存在,就有可能在实行社会管理过程中产生法律多元或法律多元主义。就当今世界范围来看,法律多元的形成,尤其是在亚非拉等发展中国家,主要是由西方的殖民统治造成的,正是基于这种原因,M.B.Hooker才从法律移植与法律继受的角度来讨论法律多元。古典意义上的法律多元 [摘要]近半个世纪以来,社会多元与文化多元已经成为社会科学日益关注的问题。不同领域的学者从不同的角度对法律多元现象进行了广泛、细致的分析,成果卓著。相对而言,对法律多元的概念、法律多元的形成与分类、法律移植与法律多元、多元论法学思潮与法律多元、研究法律多元应该注意的问题以及如何评价法律多元等诸多问题上还缺乏仔细的研究,对于国外的研究成果也没有进行认真的梳理,因此,有必要从宏观的角度对上述法律多元领域进行综述与分析,以便我们对法律多元问题有一个整体的把握。
2023-06-24 05:26:381

望远镜是谁发明的

伽利略
2023-06-24 05:26:4914

lady gaga 有一首歌里有句歌词叫i could be cool这歌叫啥 还有一首她的里面有collector,faster,叫啥

YOU AND I
2023-06-24 05:27:273

Government Hooker什么意思

官妓
2023-06-24 05:27:342

thomashooker是诗人吗

是。Thomashooker,英国最杰出的乡土小说家、诗人。他生于农村没落贵族家庭。1861年去伦敦学建筑工程,并从事文学、哲学和神学的研究。
2023-06-24 05:27:411

Government Hooker 歌词

歌曲名:Government Hooker歌手:Lady Gaga专辑:Born This WayGovernment HookerLady Gaga Government hooker-eyI can be goodIf you just wanna be badI can be coolIf you just wanna be madI can be anythingI"ll be your everythingjust touch me babyI don"t be sadAs long as I"m your hooker(Pick up and turn around)As long as I"m your hooker(Get your hands on the ground)As long as I"m your hooker(Pick up and turn around)As long as I"m your hooker(Get Down)HookerYeah i"m a hookerHookerGovernment HookerHookerYeah i"m a hookerHookerGovernment HookerI"m going to drink my tears tonightI"m going to drink my tears and cry"Cause I know you love me babyI know you love me babyI could be goodUnless you wanna be manI can be sexyUnless you want to hold handsI could be anythingI could be everything(You could - you could)I could be momUnless you want to be dad.( Ay me papito)As long as I"m your hooker(Pick up and turn around)As long as I"m your hooker(Get your hands on the ground)As long as I"m your hooker(Pick up and turn around)As long as I"m your hooker(Get Down)HookerYeah i"m a hookerHookerGovernment HookerHookerYeah i"m a hookerHookerGovernment HookerPut your hands on me John. F. KennedyI"ll make you squeal babyAs long as you pay meI"m going to drink my tears tonightI"m going to drink my tears and cry"Cause I know you love me babyI know you love me babyHookerYeah i"m a hookerHookerGovernment HookerHookerYeah i"m a hookerHookerGovernment HookerI could be goodUnless you wanna be manI can be sexyUnless you want to hold handsI could be anythingI could be everythingI could be momUnless you want to be dad.I want to fuck Government hooker(Pick up and turn around)Stop fucking me Government hooker(Get your hands on the ground)I want to fuck Government hooker(Pick up and turn around)Stop fucking me Government hooker(Get down)http://music.baidu.com/song/7271567
2023-06-24 05:27:471

JOHN LEE HOOKER的《Murder》 歌词

歌曲名:Murder歌手:JOHN LEE HOOKER专辑:Hot SpotWithin Temptation - MurderAlbum "The Unforgiving" 2011I"ve been around these vicious lies tooToo long to be neglecting the truthI"m getting closer and I"m fully armedI"m about to hunt you down throughThe big black hole right behind youAnd I"m about to cut your wings away"Cause I"ve been finding outWhere you"ve broken inAnd I will take you outWhen I close you inI"m killing them allI"ve put my soul on the lineI purify sins that I"ve committed in lifeI"ll follow them allAnd I"ll be bringing them downWherever they go I"m right behindThere"s nowhere to goYour head on the lineThere is no rope, you"re running out of timeTo where will you goWhen I will murder your soulI"m about to do it your wayI will make your world unsafeI never thought you get this thought insaneYou don"t believe what I besides seeYou don"t believe in judgment dayBut you won"t believe in xxxx on horn"Cause I"ve been finding outWhere you"ve broken inAnd I will take you outWhen I close you inI"m killing them allI"ve put my soul on the lineI purify sins that I"ve committed in lifeI"ll follow them allAnd I"ll be bringing them downWherever they go I"m right behindThere"s nowhere to goYour head on the lineThere is no rope, you"re running out of timeTo where will you goWhen I will murder your soulYou can"t feel the painAnd scream in vainYou sink away to the bottomYou can"t break your chainsBreak away from hereI"m killing them allI"ve put my soul on the lineI purify sins that I"ve committed in lifeI"ll follow them allAnd I"ll be bringing them downWherever they go I"m right behindThere"s nowhere to goYour head on the lineThere is no rope, you"re running out of timeTo where will you goWhen I will murder your soulThe Endhttp://music.baidu.com/song/8127192
2023-06-24 05:27:541

雅思阅读之复杂句句型结构分析

【 #雅思# 导语】为了方便大家的学习,下面是 !   雅思的阅读部分有大量句型结构复杂、难以理解和把握的复杂句或难句。一般来说,这些句子有以下特点:   一、句子冗长,大多数句子由20个以上单词组成,很多句子超过40个单词   二、结构复杂,频繁使用并列复合句、多重复合句等复杂句式   三、大多是阅读考试的出题点,在阅读试题中常常有所涉及   我们可以从简单句开始分析语法    简单句   对于难度较大的简单句,阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,将长句变成短句,将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。   例1:It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interest are opposed.   分析:句子的主语是it, 谓语是involves,三个动名词短语probing for deeply rooted concerns、devising creative solutions和making trade-offs and compromises作宾语。意思是说:它涉及了探究深层次的关注、想出更有创意的解决方案以及当利益发生冲突的时候,做出交易和妥协。   例2:Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person"s identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail.   分析:该句主语是automated techniques, 谓语是attract,宾语是attention, in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail在句子里起时间状语的作用。意思是说:在信用卡和电子邮件越来越多地被使用的今天,用来测量这些特性和确认人的身份的自动技术吸引了广泛的关注。    并列句   如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接,最常见的并列连词有and,or 和but。最简单的方法就是将句子从并列连词处断开,将并列句变成两个或若干个相对短的句子,然后再用处理简单句的方法——抓句子主干,来依次处理每个相对短的句子。   例:Government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre.   分析:这个复合句可以从and处将句子分成两个相对较短的句子:and前面是一个简单句;and后面的句子有一个由that引导的定语从句,充当new recycling technologies的定语。意思是:政府鼓励了废纸的回收和分类计划,同时造纸工业也通过开发新的回收技术作出了反应,这个回收技术为更大程度地利用已经使用过的纤维铺平了道路。    插入语结构   插入语一般是对句子的某个成分的解释或补充说明,前后有逗号与其他句子成分分开,比较容易识别。处理插入语的基本办法是先略去不读,直接跳过两个逗号之间的内容,使插入语结构前后意思顺畅。   例句1:To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless.   分析:该句中,as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners充当插入语,阅读句子时,可以先忽略这部分。意思是说:对不经意看到的人和有影响力的自然科学家、区域规划者来说,亚马逊地区的繁茂的森林似乎是永恒的。   例句2:Over 120 years ago, the English botanist J.D. Hooker, writing of Australian edible plants, suggested that many of them were "eatable but not worth eating".   分析:此句中,两个逗号之间的内容即writing of Australian edible plants, 充当插入语。意思是说:120多年前,在写到澳大利亚可食用的植物时,英国植物学家J.D.Hooker就指出它们当中有很多可食用的,但却不值得食用。    倒装结构   在英语当中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一种和汉语一致,即主语在前;另外一种顺序是谓语在主语前面,即倒装。阅读中一般会出现以not only等否定连词和never,seldom rarely, hardly等否定副词引导的倒装句。理解倒装句,就要把它转换成普通语句,把倒装语序还原为自然语序,在自然语序下理解句子。   例句1:In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict.   分析:该句中,not only...but also...引导了倒装句,把其中的句子换成正常语序就是:the interests of one party do not coincide with those of the other party.整句的意思是:在一个争论中,不仅一方的利益和另外一方不一致,而且它们是相互矛盾的。   例句2:Hardly had we arrived in Shanghai when it began to snow.   分析:此句是由hardly...when引导出了倒装,意思是:我们一到上海天就开始下雪。
2023-06-24 05:28:011

thomashooker是诗人吗

不是。thomashooke的意思是胡克,托马斯胡克,他是一位著名的基督教信徒,提供着三个传教士。胡克任知事温斯罗,创建康乃狄克州的胡克,克尔艺复兴的见解和基督教的正统思想,他们的政治主张从呼克尔,虎克福,马萨诸塞弯区副总督温特洛普,康乃迪克殖民地始祖虎克。
2023-06-24 05:28:071

世界上最大的光学望远镜是哪一部?

屹今为止世界上最大的光学望远镜是美国设立在夏威夷的凯克望远镜,其透视直径约为10米,望楼主采纳。
2023-06-24 05:28:182

请介绍一下植物分类学家哈钦松,非常感谢!

呵呵,楼上的,从我的百科词条里粘过来的吧。
2023-06-24 05:28:372

Lady Gaga新专辑中文歌词

INTROIt doesn"t matter if you love him, or capital H-I-M不论你是爱上了他,还是认为他很美妙,暗暗的爱着着他Just put your paws up只管挥舞起你的爪子吧"cause you were Born This Way, Baby因为我们生而如此,亲爱的 VERSE:My mama told me when I was young在我年轻的时候,妈妈曾经告诉我We are all born superstars我们都是天生的巨星She rolled my hair and put my lipstick on她将我的头发烫卷,为我涂上唇膏In the glass of her boudoir在她自己的房间的化妆镜前“There"s nothing wrong with lovin" who you are”“爱上我们本来的样子,并没有任何过错”She said, “‘Cause he made you perfect, babe”她说,“因为他(我觉得这里的他指的是上帝~)从一开始就将你创造得那么完美,我的宝贝”“So hold your head up girl and you"ll go far,所以,姑娘,昂起你美丽的额头吧,你将会走得很远Listen to me when I say”在我说这些话的时候,请认真听好 CHORUS:I"m beautiful in my way我以我独特的方式美丽着‘Cause God makes no mistakes因为上帝从来没有过错误的时候I"m on the right track baby我正前行在最正确的轨道上,宝贝I was Born This Way我,生而如此!Don"t hide yourself in regret不要将自己掩埋在懊悔和遗憾之中Just love yourself and you"re set去学会爱上你自己,你是那么的完美I"m on the right track baby我正前行在最适合的轨道上,宝贝I was Born This Way我,生而如此! POST-CHORUS:Ooo there ain"t no other way喔,并不是说没有别的路可走Baby I was born this way但是,宝贝,这才是我天生就要走的路Baby I was born this way宝贝,我生而如此Ooo there ain"t no other way喔,并不是说只有这一条路可走Baby I was born-I"m on the right track baby宝贝,我天生(就应该这样),宝贝,我正前行于正确的路上啊I was born this way我生而如此!Don"t be a drag – just be a queen不要成为累赘,要成为王者!Don"t be a drag – just be a queen不要成为累赘,要成为王者!Don"t be a drag – just be a queen不要成为累赘,要成为王者!Don"t be! 不可以! VERSEGive yourself prudence让自己变得精明谨慎And love your friends用真爱温暖你的朋友们Subway kid, rejoice your truth在地铁上的孩子也会为你的真诚而欢庆In the religion of the insecure我深信不疑着,世事皆是无法断定、难以预料的I must be myself, respect my youth所以,我更要做我自己,尊重自己的青春A different lover is not a sin拥有一个与众不同的恋人,并不是什么罪孽Believe capital H-I-M (hey hey hey)相信上帝吧,hey hey heyI love my life I love this record and我爱我的生活。我爱这首歌,Mi amore vole fe yah (love needs faith)爱,是需要信念的 REPEAT CHORUS + POST-CHORUSBRIDGE:Don"t be a drag, just be a queen不要成为累赘,要成为王者!Whether you"re broke or evergreen不论你是破产了,身无分文,还是成功着,一直顺利You"re black, white, beige, chola descent不论你是黑种人,白种人,黄种人,还是胆汁血统(靠= =||||。。。我只知道chola是胆汁descent是血统但是谁能告诉我胆汁血统是神马玩意T T。。。反正就这样翻译了- -。。。撞墙)You"re lebanese, you"re orient不论你是出生在黎巴嫩,还是遥远的东方Whether life"s disabilities不论你是否残疾Left you outcast, bullied, or teased不要去理会那些遗弃和背叛,欺骗和恐吓,嘲笑和戏弄Rejoice and love yourself today在当下,爱自己,并且为自己而欢呼喝彩‘Cause baby you were born this way宝贝,因为你生而如此 No matter gay, straight, or bi,不论你是男|同|性|恋,异性恋,还是双|性|恋Lesbian, transgendered life女|同|性|恋,还是变性人I"m on the right track baby我们都可以走上属于自己的正确的道路I was born to survive我天生就有通过这条路而生存的权利No matter black, white or beige与肤色无关,无论你是黑,白,还是黄Chola or orient made无论你来自南美洲还是亚洲(我是多么想翻译成“无论你来自胆汁= =。。。)I"m on the right track baby我们都能找到自己的路,宝贝I was born to be brave我生而如此,这是上帝赋予我的勇气REPEAT CHORUSOUTRO/REFRAIN:I was born this way hey!I was born this way hey!我生而如此,hey!I"m on the right track baby我正在我的路上前行,宝贝I was born this way hey!我生而如此!I was born this way hey!I was born this way hey!I"m on the right track babyI was born this way hey!There"s no reason you and me should be alone 没有什么原因是你我孤独的理由 Tonight, yeah babe 今晚! 对!宝贝! Tonight, yeah babe 对!就今晚!宝贝! There"s no reason you shouldn"t take me home tonight 今晚没有任何原因是你不把我带回家的理由 I need a man who thinks it right when it"s so wrong,当这件事是错误的时候,我需要一个人来认为这是对的 Tonight yeah babe,今晚!对!宝贝! Tonight yeah babe,对!就今晚!宝贝! Right on the limits where we know we both belong tonight今晚是一个分界点,我们将属于彼此 It"s time to feel the rush, 是感受这次飞跃的时候了 To push the dangerous 把危险甩在一边, I"m gonna run back to, to the edge with you 我要和你跑到天涯海角, Where we can both fall in love 在那儿,我们可以自由自在的恋爱 *I"m on the edge of glory, 我站在光荣的边缘 And I"m hanging on a moment of truth, 我会坚持真理 I"m on the edge of glory,我站在光荣的边缘 And I"m hanging on a moment with you, 我会和你永不分手 I"m on the edge 我站在边缘 The edge 边缘 x6 I"m on the edge of glory 我站在光荣的边缘 And I"m hanging on a moment with you 我会和你永不分手 I"m on the edge with you 我与你一起站在这个边缘 Another shot, before we kiss the other side, 在我们吻对方之前,再触电一次吧! Tonight, yeah babe 今晚!对!宝贝! Tonight, yeah babe 对!就今晚!宝贝! I"m on the edge of something final we call life tonight 今晚我们在最终被我们称为生活的边缘Alright, alright 好吧, 好吧! Pull out your shade "cause I"ll be dancing in the flames 离开你的庇佑,我只能在热火中热舞 Tonight, yeah babe 今晚!对!宝贝! Tonight, yeah babe 对!就今晚!宝贝! … the burden of my name, tonight, tonight 今晚,今晚我的责任 It"s time to feel the rush 是感受这次飞跃的时候了 To push the dangerous 把危险甩在一边, I"m gonna run back to, to the edge with you 我要和你跑到天涯海角, Where we can both fall in love 在那儿,我们可以自由自在的恋爱 I"m on the edge with you 我会和你一直站在一起!Gaga, Gaha-aaaaah 嘎嘎 嘎哈哈哈   Gaga, Gaho-oooooh 嘎嘎 嘎吼吼吼   Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我要变了   Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我要变了   Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我要变了   Government Hooker-ey 官妓呀   VERSE 1:   I can be good (If you just wanna be bad) 我会无可媲美(除非你就想变坏)   I can be cool (If you just wanna be mad) 谁叫人家如此潇洒(除非你刻意生气)   I can be anything, I"ll be your everything 我可以千变万化,你拥有我   Just touch me baby (I don"t wanna be sad) 侵犯我的心灵吧(我不想生气)   PRE-CHORUS   As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是你的妓女(支持而行动)   As long as I"m your hooker (Hands on the ground) 只要我是你的妓女(把手按在大地)   As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是你的妓女(支持而行动)   As long as I"m your hooker (Get down) 只要我是你的妓女(快放下)   CHORUS:   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)  Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   POST-CHORUS:   I"m gonna drink my tears tonight, 今夜我将痛哭流涕   I"m gonna drink my tears and cry, 然后咽下泪水止不住得哭   "cause I know you love me baby. 就源起于我读懂了你的爱   I know you love me, baby! 我读懂了你的爱   VERSE 2:   I could be girl (Unless you want to be man) 我可以做个女子(除非你想做男人)   I could be sex (Unless you want to hold hands) 我可以做支性的手枪(除非你举起手来)   I could be anything, I could be everything (Iku Iku [Japanese - I"m cumming]) 我可以千变万化(我的高潮)   I could be mom (Unless you want to be dad) (oy, [Spanish - oh, Daddy!]) 我是母(除非你是父)(爸爸)   POST-CHORUS:   As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是你的妓女(支持而行动)   As long as I"m your hooker (Hands on the ground) 只要我是你的妓女(把手按在大地)   As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around)只要我是你的妓女 (支持而行动)   As long as I"m your hooker (Get down) 只要我是你的妓女(快放下)   CHORUS:   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   BRIDGE:   Put your hands on me, 把手放在我的怀里   John F. Kennedy. 约翰肯尼迪   I"ll make you squeal baby, 亲爱的,我要令你尖叫   as long as you pay me - ow! 像你雇我一样日月煎熬,奥   POST-CHORUS   I"m gonna drink my tears tonight, 今夜我将痛哭流涕   I"m gonna drink my tears and cry, 然后咽下泪水止不住得哭   "cause I know you love me baby. 就源起于我读懂了你的爱   I know you love me, baby! 我读懂了你的爱   CHORUS:   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 奴仆(是的,你就是我的佣人)   Hooker! (Government Hooker) 奴仆(官场的奴役)   I could be girl (Unless you want to be man) 我可以做个女子(除非你想做男人)   I could be sex (Unless you want to hold hands) 我可以做支性的手枪(除非你举起手来)   I could be anything, I could be everything (Iku Iku [Japanese - I"m cumming]) 我可以千变万化(我的高潮)   I could be mom (Unless you want to be dad) (oy, [Spanish - oh, Daddy!]) 我是母(除非你是父)(爸爸)   OUTRO:   I wanna fu-[BEEP] a government hooker, 我想上了一个官场的妓女   Stop fu-[BEEP-ING] me, government hooker! 停住上我,官妓   I wanna fu-[BEEP] a government hooker, 我想上了一个官场的妓女   Stop fu-[BEEP-ING] me, government hooker! 停住上我,官妓   Get down, yeah! 放下重担,松一口气   I can be sex. 我是性手枪heavy metal lover 由于太多字了,这首我给你个链接: http://hi.baidu.com/bleaklove/blog/item/4de62939e9cf0a33ba998f63.html
2023-06-24 05:28:441

binculars(双筒望远镜)发明作文

17世纪初的一天,荷兰小镇的一家眼镜店的主人利伯希(Hans Lippershey),为检查磨制出来的透镜质量,把一块凸透镜和一块凹镜排成一条线,通过透镜看过去,发现远处的教堂塔尖好象变大拉近了,于是在无意中发现了望远镜的秘密。1608年他为自己制作的望远镜申请专利,并遵从当局的要求,造了一个双筒望远镜。据说小镇好几十个眼镜匠都声称发明了望远镜,不过一般都认为利伯希是望远镜的发明者。 望远镜发明的消息很快在欧洲各国流传开了,意大利科学家伽利略得知这个消息之后,就自制了一个。第一架望远镜只能把物体放大3倍。一个月之后,他制作的第二架望远镜可以放大8倍,第三架望远镜可以放大到20倍。1609年10月他作出了能放大30倍的望远镜。伽里略用自制的望远镜观察夜空,第一次发现了月球表面高低不平,覆盖着山脉并有火山口的裂痕。此后又发现了木星的4个卫星、太阳的黑子运动,并作出了太阳在转动的结论。几乎同时,德国的天文学家开普勒也开始研究望远镜,他在《屈光学》里提出了另一种天文望远镜,这种望远镜由两个凸透镜组成,与伽利略的望远镜不同,比伽利略望远镜视野宽阔。但开普勒没有制造他所介绍的望远镜。沙伊纳于1613年—1617年间首次制作出了这种望远镜,他还遵照开普勒的建议制造了有第三个凸透镜的望远镜,把二个凸透镜做的望远镜的倒像变成了正像。沙伊纳做了8台望远镜,一台一台地云观察太阳,无论哪一台都能看到相同形状的太阳黑子。因此,他打消了不少人认为黑子可能是透镜上的尘埃引起的错觉,证明了黑子确实是观察到的真实存在。在观察太阳时沙伊纳装上特殊遮光玻璃,伽利略则没有加此保护装置,结果伤了眼睛,最后几乎失明。荷兰的惠更斯为了减少折射望远镜的色差在1665年做了一台筒长近6米的望远镜,来探查土星的光环,后来又做了一台将近41米长的望远镜。 使用透镜作物镜的望远镜称为折射望远镜,即使加长镜筒,精密加工透镜,也不能消除色象差,牛顿曾认为折射望远镜的色差是不可救药,后来证明过分悲观的。1668年他发明了反射式望远镜,斛决了色差的问题。第一台反望远镜非常小,望远镜内的反射镜口径只有2.5厘米,但是已经能清楚地看到木星的卫星、金星的盈亏等(见附图1)。1672年牛顿做了一台更大的反射望远镜,送给了英国皇家学会,至今还俣存在皇家学会的图书馆里。1733年英国人哈尔制成第一台消色差折射望远镜。1758年伦敦的宝兰德也制成同样的望远镜,他采用了折射率不同的玻璃分别制造凸透镜和凹透镜,把各自形成的有色边缘相互抵消。但是要制造很大透镜不容易,目前世界上最大的一台折射式望远镜直径为102厘米,安装在雅弟斯天文台。1793年英国赫瑟尔(William Herschel),制做了反射式望远镜,反射镜直径为130厘米,用铜锡合金制成,重达1吨。1845年英国的帕森(William Parsons)制造的反射望远镜,反射镜直径为1.82米。1917年,胡克望远镜(Hooker Telescope)在美国加利福尼亚的威尔逊山天文台建成。它的主反射镜口径为100英寸。正是使用这座望远镜,哈勃(Edwin Hubble)发现了宇宙正在膨胀的惊人事实。1930年,德国人施密特(Bernhard Schmidt)将折射望远镜和反射望远镜的优点(折射望远镜像差小但有色差而且尺寸越大越昂贵,反射望远镜没有色差、造价低廉且反射镜可以造得很大,但存在像差)结合起来,制成了第一台折反射望远镜。 战后反射式望远镜在天文观测中发展很快,1950年在帕洛玛山上安装了一台直径5.08米的海尔(Hale)反射式望远镜。1969年在前苏联高加索北部的帕斯土霍夫山上安装了直径6米的反射镜。1990年,NASA将哈勃太空望远镜送入轨道,然而,由于镜面故障,直到1993年宇航员完成太空修复并更换了透镜后,哈勃望远镜才开始全面发挥作用。由于可以不受地球大气的干扰,哈勃望远镜的图像清晰度是地球上同类望远镜拍下图像的10倍。1993年,美国在夏威夷莫纳克亚山上建成了口径10米的“凯克望远镜”,其镜面由36块1.8米的反射镜拼合而成。2001设在智利的欧洲南方天文台研制完成了“超大望远镜”(VLT),它由4架口径8米的望远镜组成,其聚光能力与一架16米的反射望远镜相当。现在,一批正在筹建中的望远镜又开始对莫纳克亚山上的白色巨人兄弟发起了冲击。这些新的竞争参与者包括30米口径的“加利福尼亚极大望远镜”(California Extremely Large Telescope,简称CELT),20米口径的大麦哲伦望远镜(Giant Magellan Telescope,简称GMT)和100米口径的绝大望远镜(Overwhelming Large Telescope,简称OWL)。它们的倡议者指出,这些新的望远镜不仅可以提供像质远胜于哈勃望远镜照片的太空图片,而且能收集到更多的光,对100亿年前星系形成时初态恒星和宇宙气体的情况有更多的了解,并看清楚遥远恒星周围的行星。
2023-06-24 05:29:042

以ker结尾的英语单词

bakercookermakerlaker
2023-06-24 05:29:124

婊子英语怎么说

bitch
2023-06-24 05:29:2115

prostitute / whore 都是贬义词吗?

同义词
2023-06-24 05:29:464

hooker和prostitute的区别

hi hooker and prostitute are ofen means the same , they are perfect synonymous.But I believe and my pals think that hookers hook their clients at their own, but prostitutes often have a pimp as an medium.
2023-06-24 05:30:063

hooker啥意思

hooker ["huk?] n.【C】<口>妓女n.小渔船,破船Hooker:胡克(姓氏) hooker引人上钩者 hooknosed 鹰钩鼻的; hookah 水烟筒利用水的吸烟装置; Hooke 虎克; hooked 钩状的有钩 旧船 旧船hooker 龙舟dragon boat 拖网鱼船trawler 小渔船yawl 布网船net layer 捕鲸船
2023-06-24 05:30:211

妓女用英语怎么说

妓女这个职业的标准名称为:prostitute此外还有一些极贬义的说法,与中文对应如下:婊子_whore拉客的_hooker鸡_callet以及委婉语:streetgirlfemaleperformer
2023-06-24 05:30:301

为什么在彩虹六号里面挂壁叫hooker,在gta5里面却叫mooder

是hacker和moder吧hacker吧。。。。hacker就是骇客、黑客的意思moder大概可以称为模组使用者???moder用来称呼挂壁很少见啊,大部分人都是用hacker的吧。
2023-06-24 05:30:391

JOHN LEE HOOKER的《Hey Baby》 歌词

歌曲名:Hey Baby歌手:JOHN LEE HOOKER专辑:Plays & Sings The BluesPitbull Feat. T-Pain – Hey Baby (Drop It To The Floor)So listen upLet her go, lalalaBaby girl wanna play, let her goSaid let her go, lalalaBaby girl wanna play, let her goSaid let her go, lalalaBaby girl wanna play, let her goSaid let her go, lalalaBaby girl wanna play, let her goGot it Pain?Hey baby girl what you doing tonight?I wanna see what you got in store (hey, hey baby)You"re giving it your all when you"re dancing on meI want to see if you can give me some more (hey, hey baby)You can be my girl, I can be your manAnd we can pump this jam however you want (hey, hey baby)Pump it from the side, pump it upside downOr we can pump it from the back and the front (hey, hey baby)Oooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOoh drop it to the floorMake me wanna say hey babyYeah, you can shake some moreMake me wanna say hey babyOoh you got it cause youMake me wanna say hey babyOoh don"t stop itI want u tonightI"m a dankenSelf paid, self-made millionaireI used to play around the worldNow I"m around the world getting paidGirl problems, no problemsDon"t hate the game that won"t solve itI want to get with you mamiNow let me see where the Lord??Hey baby girl what you doing tonight?I wanna see what you got in store (hey, hey baby)You"re giving it your all when you"re dancing on meI want to see if you can give me some more (hey, hey baby)You can be my girl, I can be your manAnd we can pump this jam however you want (hey, hey baby)Pump it from the side, pump it upside downOr we can pump it from the back and the front (hey, hey baby)Oooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOoh drop it to the floorMake me wanna say hey babyYeah, you can shake some moreMake me wanna say hey babyOoh you got it cause youMake me wanna say hey babyOoh don"t stop itMake me wanna sayMake money, make moneyThis chicka right here gotta eat babyScared money don"t make moneyThat"s how it goes in the street babyBut enough with the the nonsenseBaby girl take a shot to clear your conscienceNot a goon or a God, I"m a monsterCause I hit all baddest woman in the world, gangstaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOoh drop it to the floorMake me wanna say hey babyYeah, you can shake some moreMake me wanna say hey babyOoh you got it cause youMake me wanna say hey babyOoh don"t stop itMake me wanna sayOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOooh baby, baby lalalalalaOoh drop it to the floorMake me wanna say hey babyYeah, you can shake some moreMake me wanna say hey babyOoh you got it cause youMake me wanna say hey babyOoh don"t stop itI want you tonighthttp://music.baidu.com/song/8086215
2023-06-24 05:30:461

JOHN LEE HOOKER的《Highway 13》 歌词

歌曲名:Highway 13歌手:JOHN LEE HOOKER专辑:Mr. Lucky「Highway」作词∶WISE作曲∶SONPUB歌∶WISErolling down the highway少しでも前へ 进んでくmy way(Like a shooting Star)心开いて 受け入れる大切な 梦抱いて(guide me through the dark)流れてく景色を见てこのまま远く please take me far awayいまはまだ谁もこの道が この先も続くのかさえも分からずに踏み込んだアクセル keep proceeding my roadleft to right, right right to left左右わかれる道の先で待つ stressいつもだいたい what"s the best选択求められてく test?たまに迷い込むトンネル出口见つけられずに迷ってる戸惑ってる暇ない分かってる自分だけの答えを探してるrolling down the highway少しでも前へ 进んでくmy way(Like a shooting Star)心开いて 受け入れる大切な 梦抱いて(guide me through the dark)show me the way….please guide me through the dark流される时代の行方このままだとどこいくんだろう?いまならまだきっと未来へと繋いでく道があるからあきらめず颜あげていつも just believe in who you areとっくにリミッター振り切ったスピード阻止するインターセプターでも止まんない胴体伤ついても前 进むため Fight梦ない世界に住めないから周りを染めてく自分のカラーまだゴールは先 destiny向けてハンドルをこの手にrolling down the highway少しでも前へ 进んでくmy way(Like a shooting Star)心开いて 受け入れる大切な 梦抱いて(guide me through the dark)show me the way….please guide me through the darkrolling down the highway少しでも前へ 进んでくmy way心开いて 受け入れる大切な 梦抱いて(No I"ll never stop!)【 おわり 】http://music.baidu.com/song/2593883
2023-06-24 05:30:531

BuddyJoeHooker是谁

BuddyJoeHookerBuddyJoeHooker是一名演员,参与作品有《无耻混蛋》、《零号嫌疑犯》等。外文名:BuddyJoeHooker职业:演员代表作品:《无耻混蛋》、《零号嫌疑犯》合作人物:昆汀·塔伦蒂诺
2023-06-24 05:31:001

lady gaga《government hooker》中文歌词

Government Hooker 政治女妓Gaga, Gaha-aaaaah 嘎嘎Gaga, Gaho-oooooh 嘎嘎 Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我已经回来了Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我已经回来了Ii Io ritorne- (I have returned) 我已经回来了Government Hooker-ey 政治女妓I can be good (If you just wanna be bad) 我可以做得很好(如果你想变坏)I can be cool (If you just wanna be mad) 我的变得很冷酷(如果你想变得狂热)I can be anything, I"ll be your everything 我的变成任何东西,我会变成你的一切Just touch me baby (I don"t wanna be sad) 只用抚摸我宝贝(我不想变得伤心)As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是个女妓(背过去转身)As long as I"m your hooker (Hands on the ground) 只要我是个女妓(手放在地上)As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是个女妓(背过去转身)As long as I"m your hooker (Get down) 只要我是个女妓(下来)Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 女妓!(耶,你是我的女妓)Hooker! (Government Hooker) 女妓!(政治女妓)Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 女妓!(耶,你是我的女妓)Hooker! (Government Hooker) 女妓!(政治女妓)I"m gonna drink my tears tonight, 今晚我要饮尽我的眼泪I"m gonna drink my tears and cry, 我要饮尽我的眼泪再哭泣"cause I know you love me baby. 因为我知道你爱我,宝贝I know you love me, baby! 我知道你爱我,宝贝I could be girl (Unless you want to be man) 我可以做你的女孩(除非你想变成男人)I could be sex (Unless you want to hold hands) 我可以性感(除非你想握住我的手)I could be anything, I could be everything - (Iku Iku) 我可以是任何东西,我可以做你的一切(我***)I could be mom (Unless you want to be dad) - (oy, mi papito!) 我可以做母亲(除非你想做父亲)(哦,爹地)As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是个女妓(背过去转身)As long as I"m your hooker (Hands on the ground) 只要我是个女妓(手放在地上)As long as I"m your hooker (Back up and turn around) 只要我是个女妓(背过去转身)As long as I"m your hooker (Get down) 只要我是个女妓(下来)Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 女妓!(耶,你是我的女妓)Hooker! (Government Hooker) 女妓!(政治女妓)Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 女妓!(耶,你是我的女妓)Hooker! (Government Hooker) 女妓!(政治女妓)Put your hands on me, 把你的手放在我身上John F. Kennedy. 约翰肯尼迪I"ll make you squeal baby, 我要让你尖叫,宝贝as long as you pay me - ow! 只要你付钱,噢!I"m gonna drink my tears tonight, 今晚我要饮尽我的眼泪I"m gonna drink my tears and cry, 我要饮尽我的眼泪再哭泣"cause I know you love me baby. 因为我知道你爱我,宝贝I know you love me, baby! 我知道你爱我,宝贝Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 女妓!(耶,你是我的女妓)Hooker! (Government Hooker) 女妓!(政治女妓)Hooker! (Yeah, you"re my hooker) 女妓!(耶,你是我的女妓)Hooker! (Government Hooker) 女妓!(政治女妓)I could be girl (Unless you want to be man) 我可以做你的女孩(除非你想变成男人)I could be sex (Unless you want to hold hands) 我可以性感(除非你想握住我的手)I could be anything, I could be everything 我可以是任何东西,我可以做你的一切I could be mom (Unless you want to be dad) 我可以做母亲(除非你想做父亲)I wanna fu-[BEEP] a government hooker, 我想[beep]一个政治女妓Stop fu-[BEEP-ING] me, government hooker! 停止[beep-ing]我,政治女妓!I wanna fu-[BEEP] a government hooker, 我想[beep]一个政治女妓Stop fu-[BEEP-ING] me, government hooker! 停止[beep-ing]我,政治女妓!Get down, yeah! 下来,耶!
2023-06-24 05:31:071

lady gaga goverment hoooker 翻译

http://baike.baidu.com/view/5230259.htm原谅我懒得从百科里复制,所以就给你网址自己看吧,骚瑞(这个人也太懒了吧~.~)
2023-06-24 05:31:142

机械战警2演员谁能告诉我下

机械战警2演员表《Robocop》由《彼得·威勒》饰演《Magnavolt Salesman》由《约翰·格洛弗》饰演《Cain》由《汤姆·诺南》饰演《Dr. Juliette Faxx》由《Belinda Bauer》饰演《Casey Wong》由《Mario Machado》饰演《Jess Perkins》由《Leeza Gibbons》饰演《Surgeon General》由《John Ingle》饰演《Whittaker》由《Roger Aaron Brown》饰演《Hob》由《Gabriel Damon》饰演《Stef》由《Mark Rolston》饰演《Homeless Woman》由《Lila Finn》饰演《Purse Snatcher》由《John Hateley》饰演《Hooker》由《Gage Tarrant》饰演《Chet (as Tommy Rosales)》由《Thomas Rosales Jr.》饰演《Flint》由《Brandon Smith》饰演《Gun Shop Owner》由《Wallace Merck》饰演《Catzo》由《迈克尔·麦迪罗斯》饰演《Angie》由《Galyn G?rg》饰演《Mother with Baby》由《Linda Thompson》饰演《Desperate Woman》由《Lily Chen》饰演《Anne Lewis》由《南茜·艾伦》饰演《Jimmy Murphy》由《Clinton Austin Shirley》饰演《Ellen Murphy》由《Angie Bolling》饰演《Holzgang》由《Jeff McCarthy》饰演《Delaney》由《Ken Lerner》饰演《Yuppie》由《Martin Casella》饰演《Mayor Kuzak (as Willard Pugh)》由《Willard E. Pugh》饰演《Poulos》由《Phil Rubenstein》饰演《Donald Johnson》由《菲尔顿·派瑞》饰演《The Old Man》由《丹·奥赫里奇》饰演《Dr. Schenk》由《John Doolittle》饰演《Sgt. Reed (as Robert Do"Qui)》由《Robert DoQui》饰演《Angry Citizen》由《Richard Reyes》饰演《Angry Citizen》由《Charles Bailey》饰演《Angry Citizen》由《Jo Perkins》饰演《Angry Citizen》由《Erik Cord》饰演《Duffy》由《Stephen Lee》饰演《Injured Cop》由《Eric Glenn》饰演《Gilette》由《George Cheung》饰演《Estevez》由《旺达·德·杰索斯》饰演导演:厄文·克什纳,
2023-06-24 05:31:321

BrianHooker是什么职业

BrianHookerBrianHooker是一名编剧,代表作品有《大鼻子情圣》《游民之王》等。外文名:BrianHooker职业:编剧代表作品:《大鼻子情圣》《游民之王》等合作人物:JaneAtkins
2023-06-24 05:31:401

陆军少将约瑟夫·胡克的生平简介:约瑟夫·胡克怎么死的?

约瑟夫·胡克Joseph Hooker (1814年11月13日 - 1879年10月31日)波托马克军团司令,参加过美墨战争,在内战中成为少将,尽管在整场战争中立下赫赫战功,但他总是因在钱诺斯维尔战役中被罗伯特·李大败而被人诟病。他有个绰号叫"好战的乔",但本来只是以讹传讹。 毕业于西点军校,曾参加1846-1848年的墨西哥战争,南北战争开始后任志愿军准将,1862年参加所有的东部重要战役,安布罗斯·埃弗雷特·伯恩赛德辞职后继任波托马克军团司令。他立即对军队进行整编,准备赢得胜利,但1863年5月在著名的钱瑟勒斯维尔战役却被南方军总司令罗伯特·爱德华·李率领的部队以寡胜众。迫使胡克丢盔卸甲,损失1.7万人马。这充分暴露了他做为指挥官的缺点。几个月后,胡克率领的波托马克军团的两个军,救援被围困在田纳西州查塔努加的威廉姆·斯塔克·罗斯克兰斯将军,1863年11月24日在卢考特山上的"云端战役"中取胜利,为联邦军队在传教士岭获得重大胜利扫清道路。1864年亚特兰大战役后,胡克不再对战争程序发挥积极作用 。内布拉斯加州胡克县即以胡克的名字命名。
2023-06-24 05:32:031

加拿大英语口音和美音区别是?

一、两者的元音不同:1、英语口音的元音:英语中发音仅仅为一个缩短了的长音/u0254u02d0/(如or)。2、美式发音的元音:美语中的er很少为浑元音,并有时对短音i(如sentimental,actuality)和u(如 wuss),甚至短音的oo(如:hooker)采用了浑元音。二、两者er的发音不同:1、英语口音er的发音:英语中短音的er是如上所述的浑元音,但长音的er也不过是个拉长了的浑元音,听起来是一个很夸张的介于“俄”和“啊”的声音。2、美式发音er的发音:美语中er听起来怎么都是个“儿”音(例外是一些俗语中发成浑元音)。三、两者的辅音不同:1、英语口音辅音:英国英语会把r连读当作后面一个词的开头元音的辅音。2、美式发音的辅音:美语会分开来读,并依旧发出原有的卷舌音/r/。参考资料来源:百度百科-美国英语参考资料来源:百度百科-英国英语
2023-06-24 05:32:111

怎样看待凯伦对她爸!

有节操 有下线 你会看!!!别逗了骚年.
2023-06-24 05:32:256

妓女用英语怎么说

bitch
2023-06-24 05:32:416

迈克尔杰克逊thrllier 女主角是谁?

阿拉蕾
2023-06-24 05:33:095

什么是浑元音

英语和美语的发音最大的区别之一在它们对浑元音(schwa,音标中的倒写e,)的处理。英语中,浑元音在单元音中常通发生在一些非重读的短音a(如about)和短音er(如computer)上。美语中的er很少为浑元音,并有时对短音i(如sentimental,actuality)和u(如wuss),甚至短音的oo(如:hooker)采用了浑元音。(这四个例子在英语中的发音分别为[i], [i], [u:], [u])浑元音的读音是不定的,但是听起来差不多像一个急促的介于“俄”和“啊”的发音。
2023-06-24 05:33:221

求助,安装《幕府将军2》后,提示缺少steam_hooker.dll

win8不要想玩破解 想要玩 破解的幕府2 在win8下无法实现 win8的反盗版措施导致破解失效等等情况 推荐使用win7 64位系统 目前是玩幕府2的 最适合的系统 求采纳
2023-06-24 05:33:292

《物种起源》

生物方面的书中心点就是物种怎么起源的(*^__^*).
2023-06-24 05:34:055

求歌名,歌词。

不知道,但有一首 i just had sexy
2023-06-24 05:35:003

求一份关于达尔文的英文介绍

(1)Charles Robert Darwin ( 1809 - 1882 ) Charles Robert Darwin was born at The Mount ,Shrewbury ,England , on 12 February 1809. He was the son of Dr. Charles Waring Darwin and the grandson of Dr. Erasmus Darwin, a naturalist whose speculations were to have a profound influence on the younger family scion. Young Charles was educated at the grammer school at Shrewsbury , thence he went to Edinburgh (1825) and afterward to Cambridge .He din not excel in school., however. He was, in fact, considered rather below the common standard in intellect.He became a pupil of Professors Henslow and Sedgewicke at Cambridge,and under their guidance his consuming interest in botany began to bear fruit. He received his degree at Cambridge in 1831 and shortly thereafter , at the age of twentytwo , joined a hydrographical survey as an unpaid naturalist on H. M.S Beagle. For five years he served aboard the Beagle , studying the flora, fauna , and geology of numerous temperate, subtropical , and tropical districts sorrounding South America. This historic round-the -world voyage which Darwin later referred to as " by far the most important event in my life," laid the foundations for the remainder of his life"s work, placing him among the foremost of rising natuaralists . The results of his services were given in his Journal of Researches into the geology and natural history of the countries visite. Darwin was not a robust man even in his young manhood but he was a zealous naturalist who refused to be shackled by illness; on his return to England he began to write and experiment extensively ,despite poor health, exploring all the sciences of earth, life, and man. Thus he rose to renown.Few were privileged to know him on a close personal level, however, for owing to his always feeble health and retiring nature, he seldom entered into social functions or close personal relationships . Instead he labored diligently and introspectively in the pursuit of scientific study. By his work at the Geological Society ,and by his numerous papers on coral reefs , the natural history of the cirrhipeds,and many other biological researches he gained fame as an authority. In 1838 he accepted the appointment as secretary of the Geological Society and was elected to the Royal Society the following year. Meanwhile ,he had married his cousin , Emma wedgwood , and settled in Down,kent , shortly thereafter . Years of study and writing followed . Darwin held that no higher plant could fertilize itself for a perpetuity of generations without the intercession of being cross-fertilized with some other individual . This theory he published in 1859 in his work entitled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection . This work brought him controversial fame as it called down upon him a shower of blame and abuse for propounding such a theory without providing absolute proof. Native terrestrial orchids grew in abundance near Darwin"s home and , because they were the " most singular and modified forms in the vegetable kingdom, " he began an extensive study of their reproduction in order to prove his theory of cross-fertilization aganist that of self-fertilization . With his son and his friends often assisting him in his observations , he spent unnumbered hours in the garden and fields making notes on the number of flowers that set seed; setting up controls by the use of nets and bell jars; catching bees and moths and examining the showy markings and structures of species which were consistent in attracting natural pollinators . Early in his reserches he noted the pollination of Orchis pyramidalis by a particular moth, and studied such unusual adaptations as the " flinging " of pollen onto the pollinator in the genus Catasetum and the pollination of Ophrys by pseudo-copulation. The studies were of such interest to Darwin that he shortly initiated a copious correspondence with Sir Joseph Hooker (then assistant director at Kew), and a letter to Hooker in October 1861 he stated ," I never was more interested in any subject in my life than this of Orchids." As his interest in the order became intensified , he began to study the pollinating devices of tropical orchids: the shooting mechanism of Catasetum species , the " bucket" lip of Coryanthes , and many others. Observing the remarkably lengthy nectary of Angraecum sesquipedale, he predicted that it must be necessary for some certain moth with a footlong tongue to be the pollinating agent for this remarkable species . Finally gathering sufficient evidence to uphold his theories , in 1862 Darwin published his classic work, on the Fertilisation of Orchids by insects. This work put forth the results of his reservations and not only removed all doubt regarding the function of the pollinia , but drew the attention of naturalists to the complex symbiosis existing between flowering plants and food-seeking insects. The introduction of this book states his purpose : .......... In my volume " On the Origin of Species " I gave only general reasons for the belief that it is an almost universal law of nature that the higher organic being require an occasional cross with another individual ; or ,which is the same thing ,that no hermaphrodite fertilises itself for a perpetuity of generations . Having been blamed for propounding this doctrine without giving ample facts , for which I had not sufficient space in that work , I wish here to show that I have not spoken without having gone into details. I have been led to publish this little treatise separately, as it is too large to be incorporated with any other subject . As Orchids are universally acknoledge to rank amongst the most singular and most modified forms in the vegetable kingdom , I have thought that the facts to be given might lead some observers to look more curiously into the habits of our several native species....... This treatise affords me also an opportunity of attempting to show that the study of organic beings may be as interesting to an observer who is fully convinced that the structure of each is due to secondary laws ,as to one who views every trifflinf detail of structure as the result of the direct interposition of the Creator . As the facts were brought together to bear on Darwin"s theory ,the tide of feeling among naturalists turned in his favor . Known for his honesty ,his persistent study habits, and his unprejudiced devotion to truth , he gained immediate support from such men as Sir Joseph Hooker , Professor Huxley ,Mr. George Bentham , and others. Their " conversions" to a belief in evolution were remarkably rapid, and even the educated minority of the population at large soon grasped evolutionary concepts. For the remainder of his life Darwin studied ,reserched , and made many important contributions to geology, zoological geography , taxonomy ,ecology , and animal breeding . He died on 19 April 1882, at the age of seventy-three. Other of his important works in the various fields of science include The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs ,The Descent of Man , Geological Observations in South America, Insectivorous Plants , Cross and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom, Formation of Vegetable Mold ,Emotions im Man and Animals , Principles of Variation Under Domestication, adn The Power of Movement in Plants . Darwin"s orchid studies become the basis of a number of later works by succeeding naturalists and botanists , but while his contributions to orchidology were therefore unprecedented in pollination studies , their importance is equally shared in science as a breakthrough which resulted in theories that changed the whole foundation of scientific knowledge .(2)Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was an an English naturalist whose theory of evolution is one of the greatest contributions ever made to science. Darwin stated this theory in his book The Origin of Species (1859). In another book called The Descent of Man (1871 ) he applied his theory to the evolution of man from a primitive monkey-like animal. Both books aroused world-wide controversy. Many considered them to be offensive, atheistic, blasphemous and Darwin"s caricatures were published in magazines. Although later research has modified or disproved some of Darwin"s findings, scientists still accept his basic ideas.Darwin was born in Shrewsbury and his father was a physician. As a youth Darwin was interested in all living things. He read all the books on geology and biology he could find and collected plant and animal specimens, including fossils. In 1825 he began medical studies at the University of Edinburgh but gave them up after two years. In 1828 he entered Cambridge University to study theology getting a degree in 1831. He eventually obtained a post as unpaid naturalist aboard the surveying ship H.M.S. Beagle.In 1831 the Beagle left on a five-year voyage to South American and Australian waters. During this time Darwin observed and studied in many remote regions of the world. He collected great numbers of plant and animal specimens. From detailed notes of his observations he began to develop the theory that was to make him famous. When he returned to England Darwin began studying and investigating nature. In 1844 Darwin began to compile his greatest contribution, Origin of Species, in which he proposed his theory of natural selection. All life, he said, is a continuous struggle in which only the fittest can survive. In this period Darwin discovered that the idea of natural selection was not exclusively his. Alfred Russel Wallace ( 1823-1913 ), a young naturalist, had developed similar ideas in an essay called "On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Independently from the Original Type." Wallace sent this paper to Darwin for an opinion. Darwin took Wallace"s manuscript to a friend, Sir Charles Lyell, who decided that both Wallace"s and Darwin"s ideas should be presented at the same time. On July 1,1858, both papers were read at a meeting of the Linnaean Society of London.After publication of Origin of Species in 1859, Darwin continued to write on botany, geology, and zoology until his death in 1882. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. (3)Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882), British scientist, who laid the foundation of modern evolutionary theory with his concept of the development of all forms of life through the slow-working process of natural selection. His work was of major influence on the life and earth sciences and on modern thought in general.Born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, on February 12, 1809, Darwin was the fifth child of a wealthy and sophisticated English family. His maternal grandfather was the successful china and pottery entrepreneur Josiah Wedgwood; his paternal grandfather was the well-known 18th-century physician and savant Erasmus Darwin. After graduating from the elite school at Shrewsbury in 1825, young Darwin went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. In 1827 he dropped out of medical school and entered the University of Cambridge, in preparation for becoming a clergyman of the Church of England. There he met two stellar figures: Adam Sedgwick, a geologist, and John Stevens Henslow, a naturalist. Henslow not only helped build Darwin"s self-confidence but also taught his student to be a meticulous and painstaking observer of natural phenomena and collector of specimens. After graduating from Cambridge in 1831, the 22-year-old Darwin was taken aboard the English survey ship HMS Beagle, largely on Henslow"s recommendation, as an unpaid naturalist on a scientific expedition around the world.Voyage of the BeagleDarwin"s job as naturalist aboard the Beagle gave him the opportunity to observe the various geological formations found on different continents and islands along the way, as well as a huge variety of fossils and living organisms. In his geological observations, Darwin was most impressed with the effect that natural forces had on shaping the earth"s surface.At the time, most geologists adhered to the so-called catastrophist theory that the earth had experienced a succession of creations of animal and plant life, and that each creation had been destroyed by a sudden catastrophe, such as an upheaval or convulsion of the earth"s surface (see GEOLOGY: HISTORY OF GEOLOGICAL THOUGHT: 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES). According to this theory, the most recent catastrophe, Noah"s flood, wiped away all life except those forms taken into the ark. The rest were visible only in the form of fossils. In the view of the catastrophists, species were individually created and immutable, that is, unchangeable for all time.The catastrophist viewpoint (but not the immutability of species) was challenged by the English geologist Sir Charles Lyell in his two-volume work Principles of Geology (1830-33). Lyell maintained that the earth"s surface is undergoing constant change, the result of natural forces operating uniformly over long periods.Aboard the Beagle, Darwin found himself fitting many of his observations into Lyell"s general uniformitarian view. Beyond that, however, he realized that some of his own observations of fossils and living plants and animals cast doubt on the Lyell-supported view that species were specially created. He noted, for example, that certain fossils of supposedly extinct species closely resembled living species in the same geographical area. In the Galapagos Islands, off the coast of Ecuador, he also observed that each island supported its own form of tortoise, mockingbird, and finch; the various forms were closely related but differed in structure and eating habits from island to island. Both observations raised the question, for Darwin, of possible links bet
2023-06-24 05:35:181

渔夫捕鱼的工具有哪些?用英语回答

鱼叉:harpoon 鱼饵:bait 鱼钩:barb/fishhook 渔船:fisher/hooker/trawler 渔网:fishing net/flue
2023-06-24 05:35:251

请教有没有有关刑事诉讼比较好的电影。谢谢。

这个是汤姆·克鲁斯早期的经典电影,他演一个律师,在庭上交锋的过程排得很棒义海雄风/军官与魔鬼/好人寥寥 A Few Good Men(1992) 剧情简介: 关塔娜摩美军基地,士兵道森和唐尼被指控杀害了另一名士兵圣地亚哥。军队的律师丹尼尔.卡菲中尉为被告辨护。据杰塞普上校说,死者曾告发过道森,之后曾请调工作,以逃避“红色法规”——士兵自行做出的惩罚的报复。但卡菲对此怀疑,上校有可能窜改记录,谎称没有飞机离开基地,致使圣地亚哥惨遭毒手。 经过讯问,被告称是遵照上司肯德里克中尉的命令对圣地亚哥施行“红色法规”的;机场的地勤人员也作证说上校撒了谎;再加上马金森中校因参与作伪证畏罪自杀,杰塞普只得承认,是他让肯德里克尉下令执行“红色法规”的。上校被捕,两名被告无罪释放。 导 演: 罗伯·雷恩 Rob Reiner 主 演: 凯文·培根 Kevin Bacon 汤姆·克鲁斯 Tom Cruise 戴米·摩尔 Demi Moore 杰克·尼科尔森 Jack Nicholson 库巴·古丁 Cuba Gooding Jr. 吉弗·莎瑟兰 Kiefer Sutherland J.T. Walsh 克里斯多弗·盖斯特 Christopher Guest 上 映: 1992年12月11日 ( 西班牙 )更多地区 地 区: 美国 ( 拍摄地 ) 对 白: 英语 评 分: 7.5/10( 21908票 ) 详细 颜 色: 彩色 声 音: Dolby SR 时 长: 138 分钟 类 型: 剧情 惊秫 分 级: 英国:15 西班牙:13 阿根廷:13 芬兰:K-8 德国:12 智利:TE 澳大利亚:M 瑞典:11 挪威:15 美国:R参考资料:http://www.mov6.com/title/tt0104257/
2023-06-24 05:35:423

六人行第八季12里和joey约会的女生是谁?

看不懂问题,难道六人行中有两个 JOEY?
2023-06-24 05:36:012

跪求::帮我翻译 谢谢了 我急需

翻译:每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 爱在哪里,今天,在哪里也爱今日。 每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 爱情在哪里今天。 反正你想, 反正你要, 爱的爱我,爱的爱我,爱的爱。 我一直在喊了这么久, 战斗眼泪刚刚进行, 但现在,而现在,它的消失。 嘿女孩为什么你们不能进行下去, 是"事业,你就像你的母亲, 有些紧,想捉弄娱乐休闲, 以及你在哪里也不会捉弄没有别的, 在哪里,你的爱人一样。 每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 热爱今天,热爱今天。 每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 反正你想, 反正你要, 爱的爱我,爱的爱我,爱的爱。 女孩在槽与大萧条, 大萧条,大萧条。 等到你的母亲和你爹的走了, 爹的经历妈妈,爸爸,休克让我感到吃惊, 震惊让我感到吃惊,休克休克。 每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 爱在哪里,今天,在哪里也爱今天我说: 每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 爱在哪里,今天, 反正你想, 反正你要, 爱的爱我,爱的爱我,爱的爱。 南卡罗来纳州位于1995 , 给她一元她会令你的微笑。 妓女,预订宴席 ,走开! 女童连衣裙像一个小孩玩, 舔她的嘴唇像他们其他的东西, 试图告诉你的生活才刚刚开始, 但你知道,她的得到其他比爱她的母亲每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 热爱今天,热爱今天每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 反正你想, 反正你要, 爱的爱我,爱的爱我,爱的爱。 女孩在槽与大萧条, 大萧条,大萧条。 等到你的母亲和你爹的走了, 爹的经历妈妈 ,爸爸,休克让我感到吃惊, 震惊让我感到吃惊,休克休克。 我说: 每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 爱在哪里,今天,在哪里也爱今天我说: 每个人的爱情在哪里今天, 爱在哪里,今天, 反正你想, 反正你要, 爱的爱我,爱的爱我,爱的爱。 末日大大迪大迪...
2023-06-24 05:36:093