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英语句法中的3大句子结构
★★★句法中的3大句子结构
根据英语句子的结构来划分的，英语句子可以分为以下三大类
① 简单句：7种万能句型结构
【1】 They came 他们来了
【2】 Mary arrived yesterday.玛丽昨天到的.
【3】 She sleeps for two hours every day.她每天睡两小时.
【4】 Tom likes English .汤姆喜欢英语
【5】 They are playing baseball 他们正在打棒球
【6】 They saw a snake yesterday. 他们昨天看见一条蛇
【5】Mary is my best friend. 玛丽是我最好的朋友
【6】Her brother and sister are both English teachers.
她的哥哥和妹妹两个都是英语老师.
【7】They are all doctors. 他们都是医生.
【8】He told us an interesting story.他告诉我们一个有趣故事.
【9】Jack gave me a book yesterday.杰克昨天给了我一本书.
【10】My mother bought me a pair of shoes yesterday.
我妈妈昨天买给我一双鞋子.
【11】Mary told me her telephone number yesterday.
玛丽昨天告诉我她的电话号码
【12】All of us called Li Lei"s little sister a lovely princess
我们所有人都叫李磊小女儿为可爱公主.
【13】He wants me to help him.他想我帮助他.
【14】We call the boy Tom.我们叫这个男孩汤姆.
简单句定义：只有1个主语（并列主语）+1个谓语（并列为谓语）构成的句子称为简单句
句子的类型（Types of Sentences）
简单句的句子的类型：
【一】 主语+谓语 结构（谓语为不及物动词S + Vi 结构 ）
【结构： Subject（主语） + Intransitive Verb（不及物动词）】
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
【1】主语+不及物动词【1】The sun rises in the east （名词）
【2】The sun is rising.太阳正在升起
【3】It"s snowing.天正在下雪.【4】Can you read?你会读书吗？
【5】The engine broke down.引擎坏了。
【6】The bomb blew up.这个炸弹爆炸了。
【7】How did the accident come about?这个事故怎么发生的？
【8】Everybody smiled.每个人都微笑了。
【9】He smiled a strange smile.【同源宾语】
他露出一个奇怪的微笑。
【10】She often dreams.她经常做梦
【11】She dreamed a beautiful dream. 【同源宾语】
她做了一个美梦.
【12】He died 他死了
【13】He died a glorious death.他死的光荣
【14】Time flies. 时光飞逝.
【15】Birds fly. 鸟飞。
【16】She came (她来了) 。
【17】Class begins 开始上课。
【18】They disappeared. 他们消失了。
【19】The watch has stopped 表定了
【20】He came and left. 他来了又离开了。
【21】She cries and laughs 他哭了又笑了
【2】主语+不及物动词+状语
【1】Mary gets up early every day.玛丽每天都起床很早.【2】Did you sleep well?你睡的好吗?【3】She often dreams.她经常做梦.
【4】She often dreamed a beautiful dream. 【同源宾语】她经常做了一个美梦.
【5】You go first and I will follow behind.你先走，我跟在你后面.
【6】Is the book selling well?这本书卖的好吗？
【7】Birds sing beautifully.鸟儿美妙地唱歌。
【8】We study in No.1 Middle School.我们在第一中学学习.
【9】He sleeps for two hours every day 他每天睡两小时.
【10】We study hard.我们努力学习
【11】The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
【12】We have lived in the city for ten years.我们在这座城市生活了10年了
【13】He stopped to have a rest .他停下来休息
【14】She often comes here to help us.她经常来这里帮助我们。
【二】 主语+谓语 +宾语 结构（谓语为及物动词 S+V+O 结构）
【结构： Subject（主语） +Transitive Verb（及物动词） +Object（宾语）】
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当.【特别注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。】
【1】主语+及物动词+名词(代词)/数词【1】Do you know these people?你认识这些人？
【2】He loved ice-cream.他喜欢冰淇淋
【3】What did he say? 他说了什么？
【4】He found his bag. 他找到了他的包。
【5】We study English every day. 我们每天学习英语。
【6】He knows everything.他知道一切事情.
【7】She likes English. 他喜欢英语
【8】She wants an apple.她想要一个苹果
【9】I bought a dictionary yesterday.我昨天买了一本字典。
【10】He can speak English.他会说英文
【11】We finished the work.我们完成了这项工作.
【12】She is playing the piano now.她现在正在弹奏钢琴。
【13】He often helps me.他经常帮助我。
【14】We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
【15】He is playing football happily.他正在开心地踢足球.
【16】He handed in his homework this morning.他今天早上上交了他的家庭作业。
【17】She is looking for her pen.她正在寻找她的钢笔。
【18】We need two. 我们需要两个
【19】He hates you. （代词）他恨你
【20】I like China. （名词） 我喜欢中国
【2】主语+及物动词+反身代词【1】Now I will introduce myself.现在我将介绍我自己
【2】They blamed themselves for the accident.他们就这场事故责备自己。
【3】I enjoyed myself last night.昨天晚上我玩的很开心.
【4】We seated ourselves 我们让我们自己坐下.
【5】He devoted himself to the cause of medicine.他献身于医学事业.
【6】The boy can"t dress himself.这男孩不会给他自己穿衣服
【3】主语+及物动词+同源宾语【1】Everybody smiled.每个人都微笑了。
【2】He smiled a strange smile.【同源宾语】他露出一个奇怪的微笑。
【3】She often dreams.她经常做梦
【4】She dreamed a beautiful dream. 【同源宾语】
【5】He died 他死了.
【6】He died a glorious death.他死的光荣
【7】They live a happy life.他们过着幸福的生活
【4】主语+及物动词+不定式(做宾语)【常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。】
【1】She wants to be a teacher.他想成为一名老师.
【2】He decided to buy a new car .他决定买一辆新车.
【3】Tom hoped to be an actor in the future.汤姆希望将来成为一名演员
【4】Mike wish to go to America for his summer vacation.麦克希望去美国度暑假.
【5】We planned to stay for an hour.我们计划停留一小时.
【6】She refused to answer our questions.她拒绝回答我们的问题
【7】She offered to take me to the National Stadium.她主动提出带我去国家体育馆.
【8】We should learn to drive a car .我们应该学会开车.
【9】We should try to learn English well.我们应该努力地学好英文.
【10】He pretended to be asleep.他假装睡着了.
【11】He promised to help me with my English.他答应帮助学习英语.
【12】We can"t afford to pay such a price.我们不能支付起这样一个价格。
【13】You must try to improve your English.你们必须提高你们英语水平。
【14】We need to learn English well.我们需要学好英语。
【15】I started to talk with other students.我开始和别人谈话.
【16】They want to see her very badly.他们非常想看见她.
【17】He forgot which way to go.他忘记了该走哪条路了
【18】I don"t know what to do .我不知道该做什么.
【19】She doesn"t know how to do it.她不知道如何做这件事情。
【 常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。】
【5】主语+及物动词+动名词(做宾语)【1】He likes dancing. （代词）
【2】Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?你介意等几分钟吗？
【3】I prefer standing.我更喜欢站着。
【4】I propose resting for half an hour我提议休息半小时。
【5】I enjoy wathching English films.我喜欢看英语电影.
【6】She finished doing her homework. 她做完了她的家庭作业.
【7】She minds smoking in the room.她介意在房间里抽烟.
【8】She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴.
【9】Mary advises going for a walk.玛丽建议去散步.
【10】He stopped watching TV .他停止了看电视.
【11】He suggests doing it in a different way.他建议用不同方法做这件事情.
【12】Mary considers buying a new house.玛丽考虑买一栋新房子.
【13】I will appreciate hearing from you.收到您的信，我将非常感激.
【14】Please try not to avoid catching a cold.请尽量避免不要感冒了.
【15】He has to give up smoking for his health.为了他的健康，他不得不放弃抽烟.
【16】We should keep improving our English.我们应该保持提高我们英语水平.
【17】We can imagine living on the moon.我们能想象在月球上生活.
【18】The little girl dislike speaking in public 这个小女孩不喜欢在公共场合讲话.
【特别注意①】接动词不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语意义区别不大动词
【1.0】like to do sth 喜欢做某事
【1.1】like doing sth 喜欢做某事
①I like reading books
②I like to read books
我喜欢看书
【2.0】love to do sth 爱好做某事
【2.1】love doing sth爱好做某事
①She loves to listen to music
②She loves listening to music
她喜欢听音乐.
【3.0】hate to do sth 憎恨做做事
【3.1】hate doing sth 讨厌做某事
I hate speaking before a big audience
I hate to speak before a big audience
我讨厌在很多观众前面讲话
【4.0】prefer to do sth 宁可做某事
【4.1】prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
【5.0】start to do sth 开始做某事
【5.1】start doing sth 开始做某事
【6.0】begin to do sth 开始做某事
【6.1】begin doing sth 开始做某事
【7.0】continue to do sth 继续做某事
【7.1】continue doing sth 继续做某事
【8.0】intend to do sth 打算做某事
【8.1】intend doing sth打算做某事
【8.0】can"t bear to do sth 不能忍受做某事
【8.1】can"t bear doing sth不能忍受做某事
【9.0】attempt to do sth 试图做某事
【9.1】attempt doing sth试图做某事
【10.0】cease to do sth 中止做某事
【10.1】cease doing sth中止做某事
特别备注： 本身为进行时态，或者后面动词为心理变化意义的动词是，必须接动词不定式做宾语
例如: When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
当我们进来的时候，他们正开始吃晚饭.
After his explanation , I began to understand it .
在他解释之后，我看是理解这件事了.
After his detailed explanation, I began to realize that I was wrong
在听了他详细解释之后，我开始意识到我错了
【特别注意②】接动词不定式和动名词意义区别很大动词归纳
【1.0】remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事
【1.1】remember to do sth 记住要去做某事
①He can remember to post the letters.
他能记住去邮寄这些信件
②He remembered posting the letters
他记得邮寄过这些信件.
【2.0】forget doing sth 忘记曾经做过某事
【2.1】forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事
①I forgot telling the thing.
我忘记曾经过告诉过他这件事.
②I forgot to tell him the news
我忘记去告诉他这件事了.
【3.0】try doing sth 试着做某事
【3.1】try to do sth 努力/尽力/设法去做某事
① He tries opening the door.
他试着打开这扇门.
②He tried to open the door.
他尽力去打开这扇门.
【4.0】regret doing sth 后悔曾经做过某事
【4.1】regret to do sth 遗憾要去做某事
① She regretted doing this thing.
她后悔做了这件事情.
②She regretted to tell me that she could not come tonight
她遗憾地告诉我她今天晚上不能来.
【5.0】stop doing sth 停止正在做某事
【5.1】stop to do sth 停止去做某事
① He stopped watching TV .
他停止了看电视.
②He stopped to watch TV.
他停下来去看电视.
【6.0】go on doing sth 继续做同一件事
【6.1】go on to do sth 继续做另外一件事
① Tom goes on doing his homework.
汤姆继续做他的作业.
②Tom goes on to do his homework after watching TV.
汤姆看完电视后继续开始做他的家庭作业
【7.0】mean doing sth 意味着做某事
【7.1】mean to do sth打算做某事/计划做某事
① Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
② I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
③ I mean to stay here for a long time我打算在这里呆很久
④ Revolution means liberationg the productive forces.
革命意味着解放生产力.
【8.0】can"t help doing sth 禁不住做某事/情不自禁做某事
【8.1】can"t help to do sth不能帮助做某事
①I could not help crying when he heard the news.
他听到这个消息的情不自禁哭了
②I can not help to solve the problem .
我不能帮助去解决这个问题
【6】主语+及物动词+从句 (做宾语)【宾语从句】
【 常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。】
【1】He says that he will go to Beijing tomorrow他说他明天将要去北京
【2】She thinks that this news is not true 他认为这个消息不是真的.
【3】Our teacher said that he would go there.我们老师说，他将去那里.
【4】Did you write down what she said? 你记下了她所说的话吗？
【5】We need know what others are doing.我们需要知道别人都在做什么.
【6】I don"t think (that) he is right.我认为他不是对的
【7】I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语，即：宾语从句)
【8】He claimed that he saw the accident.他声称他看见了这场事故。【9】I suggested (that) we (should) leave early.我建议我们应该早点出发/动身/离开。
【10】Do you see why I did it?你明白我为什么做这件事情吗？
【11】Can you tell which is your father?你能告诉到底哪个是你爸爸？【12】She asked if she might call and see me.她问她是否可能打电话并看过。
【13】I"ll do what I can.我将做我所能。
【14】I don"t remember when that happened.我不能记得那个事情什么时候发生的
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内容呢？翻译什么？