瑞瑞爱吃桃-
The development of automobile
As the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation.
In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards.
The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and
stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passenger"s safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life.
Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort. Of course battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheel zinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind of cells, the fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles.
Along with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open class in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenient and flexible, comfortable. Now, the electric car from ordinary consumers distance is still very far away, only a few people in bandwagon. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the car
Will was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.
汽车的发展
随着世界能源危机的持续，以及战争和能源-----石油的消耗及汽车饱有量的增加，能源在一天一天下降，终有一天它会消失的无影无踪。石油不是在生资源。所以必须在石油耗净之前找到一种代替品。随着科技的发展社会的进步，有人发明了电动汽车。电动汽车将成为人们最为理想的交通工具。
世界在各各方面的发展都取得丰硕成果，尤其是随着汽车电子技术和计算机以及发展迅速的信息时代。电子控制技术在汽车上得到了广泛应用，汽车上应用的电子装置越来越丰富，电子技术不仅用来改善和提高传统汽车电器的质量和性能，而且还提高了汽车的动力性、燃油经济性、可靠性以及废气排放的净化性。汽车上广泛使用电子产品不仅降低了成本，并且减少维护的复杂性。从发动机的燃油喷射点火装置、进气控制、废气排放控制、故障自诊断到车身辅助装置都普遍采用了电子控制技术，可以说今后汽车发展主要以机电一体化。汽车上广泛采用的电子控制点火系统主要有电子控制燃油喷射系统、电子控制点火系统、电子控制自动变速器、电子控制防滑（ABS/ASR）控制系统、电子控制悬架系统、电子控制动力转向系统、车辆动力学控制系统、安全气囊系统、主动安全带系统、电子控制自动空调系统、导航系统还有GPS等。有了这些系统汽车响应敏捷，使用功能强，可靠性高，既保证发动机动力又降低燃油的消耗，而且又满足排放法规的标准。
汽车是现代人必不可少的交通工具。而电动汽车给我们带来无限乐趣外还能给我们劳累一天的身心得以放松。就拿自动变速器来说吧，汽车在行驶时，可以不踩离合器踏板，就可以实现自动换档而发动机不会熄火，这样有效的提高驾驶方便性减轻驾驶员的疲劳强度。自动变速器主要由液力变矩器、齿轮变速器、油泵、液压控制系统、电子控制系统、油冷却系统等组成。电子控制的悬架主要是用来缓冲路面对车身的冲击力以及减少振动保证汽车平顺性和操纵稳定性。当汽车行驶在不平坦的道路时汽车能能根据底盘和路面高度自动调整。当车高比设置的高度低时，就向气室或油缸充气或充油。如果是相反，就放气或泻油。从而保证汽车的水平行驶，提高行驶稳定性。可变力动力转向系统因能显著改变驾驶员的工作效率和状态，所以在电动汽车上广泛使用。VDC对汽车性能有着至关重要的作用它能根据需要主动对车轮进行制动来改变汽车的运动状态，使汽车达到最佳的行驶状态和操纵性能，并增加了汽车的附着性，控制性和稳定性。除了这些之外4WS、4WD的出现大大提高了电动汽车的价值与性能同步提升。ABS具有减少制动距离并能保持转向操作能力有效提高行驶方向的稳定性同时减少轮胎的磨损。安全气囊的出现在很大程序上保护了驾驶员和乘客的安全，大大降低汽车在碰撞时对驾驶员和乘客的缓冲，以过到保护生命安全的目的。
智能电子技术在汽车上得以推广使得汽车在安全行驶和其它功能更上一层楼。通过各种传感器实现自动驾驶。除些之外智能汽车装备有多种传感器能充分感知交通设施及环境的信息并能随时判断车辆及驾驶员是否处于危险之中，具备自主寻路、导航、避撞、不停车收费等功能。有效提高运输过程中的安全，减少驾驶员的
操纵疲劳度，提高乘客的舒适度。当然蓄电池是电动汽车的关键，电动汽车用的蓄电池主要有：铅酸蓄电池、镍镉蓄电池、钠硫蓄电池、钠硫蓄电池、锂电池、锌―
空气电池、飞轮电池、燃料电池和太阳能电池等。在诸多种电池中，燃料电池是迄今为止最有希望解决汽车能源短缺问题的动力源。燃料电池具有高效无污染的特性，不同于其他蓄电池，其不需要充电，只要外部不断地供给燃料，就能连续稳定地发电。燃料电池汽车(FCEV)具有可与内燃机汽车媲美的动力性能，在排放、燃油经济性方面明显优于内燃机车辆。
随着计算机和电子产品不断开级换代，电动汽车技术也在日趋成熟与完善，使得驾驶更安全、方便、灵活、舒适。现在，电动汽车离普通消费者的距离还很遥远，只有少数人在赶赶时髦而已。电动汽车真正能够与传统的燃油汽车相竞争，今后汽车市场终会被电动汽车和智能汽车所取代。这只是时间性的问题这一天终究会来到的。ABS、GPS、4WS、4WD以及各种新时代的电子产品与现代高性能汽车默契组合、绝妙搭配，带给我们无与伦比的精准驾驶舒适性和行驶安全性。
黑桃云-
the steering gear includes a housing, a worm,a ball nut,a rack made integral with the
piston,a hydraulic booster,and a toothed sector integrated with the pitman arm shaft.The
power steering system of some trucks is provided with an oil cooler.
The ball nut of the steering gear is rigidly secured inside the rack-piston .The
thickness of the teeth on the rack and sector teeth can be adjusted by the adjusting screw
driven in the side cover of the housing. To decrease friction between the worm and the nut,
balls recirulate in their thread. The tack-piston has resilient split tings of cast iron
ensuring its tight fit in the steering gear houding.
The rotation of the steering shaft is converted into progressive motion of the rack-piston owing to displacement of the nut along the worm.The rack-piston teeth turn valve is
arranged before the housing of the steering gear.The double-acting(two-chamber type) vane
pump of the hydraulic booster with reservoir and filter is mounted on the engine. It is driven by a V-belt from the crankshaft pulley or by a gear train.The normal sag of the drive belt is 8-14nnn at a load of 40N.The pump is connected to the control valve by two hoses:a pressure hose through which the oil is delivered from the pump and a return hose for returning the oil to the reservoir.
The universal jionts of the steering shaft diminish deformations imparted to the cab from the frame and reduce the dimensions of the steering mechanism.The joint yokes are connected with the steering shaft on the top and woth the steering gear drive shaft in the borrom. The yoke holes receive crosses mounted on bronze bushings.
The steering mechanism comprises a steering wheel,a steering shaft,a steering column,a steering gear housing with side and lower covers,a globlid worm,a pitman shaft with a triple miler and bearings and a pitman shaft adjusting screw.
The housing of the steering gear accimmodates a worm and a pitman shaft with a roller. The housing is boltded to the frame.
发动机是汽车的动力源泉，是汽车的关键部件，汽车的一些基本性能都直接或间接地与发动机的性能相联系。由于发动机的构造非常复杂，因而导致出现的故障也多种多样，若发动机出现故障将直接影响汽车能否正常行驶，发动机故障诊断是汽车故障诊断的关键所在。发动机的异响是发动机常见故障之一，它对汽车的技术状况和使用性能有很大影响，而产生发动机异响故障的因素很多，错综复杂，给诊断带来一定的困难，所以研究发动机异响的诊断对实际的汽车维修有很大意义。
本文在介绍发动机基本构造和工作原理的基础上重点介绍了发动机异响的机理分析和发动机异响诊断的典型方法，其中诊断方法主要介绍了人工经验诊断和仪器辅助诊断两种。人工经验诊断是通过对汽油发动机和柴油发动机出现异响的原因进行分析，提出在实际维修过程中诊断异响应考虑的因素和无检测仪器的情况下正确判断异响部位的手段和方法。仪器诊断主要介绍利用示波器检测发动机重要部位振动波形，并对检测到的波形进行分析，以此对发动机异响做出正确判断。在此基础上又列举了汽油发动机与柴油发动机异响故障的典型案例，经过分析对异响与各种因素的关系进行了阐述，并介绍了几种诊断方法，最后根据诊断过程绘制出诊断流程图，旨在能为同行提供可借鉴的经验。
这可是莪2.5小时心血呢！你看着办吧！看看莪的认真！采纳莪把！莪这里是原版的！
补充：楼下那位，能不能别跟莪抢，别抄莪的，这是莪写的文章，只发到了一个网上（除了这个网站）莪刚刚一看。就看到了你抄莪的文章发表了，时间完一些是因为莪是在你发表后补充了东西了的。所以时间是莪补充了以后的时间，楼主一定要采纳莪呀，莪把莪的原版作文都拿出来了，莪的老师看到了一定要说莪在网上抄作文了。莪连这都不顾了，把莪的原版作文给你了，你就采纳莪把！！！！
FinCloud-
the steering gear includes a housing, a worm,a ball nut,a rack made integral with the
piston,a hydraulic booster,and a toothed sector integrated with the pitman arm shaft.The
power steering system of some trucks is provided with an oil cooler.
The ball nut of the steering gear is rigidly secured inside the rack-piston .The
thickness of the teeth on the rack and sector teeth can be adjusted by the adjusting screw
driven in the side cover of the housing. To decrease friction between the worm and the nut,
balls recirulate in their thread. The tack-piston has resilient split tings of cast iron
ensuring its tight fit in the steering gear houding.
The rotation of the steering shaft is converted into progressive motion of the rack-piston owing to displacement of the nut along the worm.The rack-piston teeth turn valve is
arranged before the housing of the steering gear.The double-acting(two-chamber type) vane
pump of the hydraulic booster with reservoir and filter is mounted on the engine. It is driven by a V-belt from the crankshaft pulley or by a gear train.The normal sag of the drive belt is 8-14nnn at a load of 40N.The pump is connected to the control valve by two hoses:a pressure hose through which the oil is delivered from the pump and a return hose for returning the oil to the reservoir.
The universal jionts of the steering shaft diminish deformations imparted to the cab from the frame and reduce the dimensions of the steering mechanism.The joint yokes are connected with the steering shaft on the top and woth the steering gear drive shaft in the borrom. The yoke holes receive crosses mounted on bronze bushings.
The steering mechanism comprises a steering wheel,a steering shaft,a steering column,a steering gear housing with side and lower covers,a globlid worm,a pitman shaft with a triple miler and bearings and a pitman shaft adjusting screw.
The housing of the steering gear accimmodates a worm and a pitman shaft with a roller. The housing is boltded to the frame.
发动机是汽车的动力源泉，是汽车的关键部件，汽车的一些基本性能都直接或间接地与发动机的性能相联系。由于发动机的构造非常复杂，因而导致出现的故障也多种多样，若发动机出现故障将直接影响汽车能否正常行驶，发动机故障诊断是汽车故障诊断的关键所在。发动机的异响是发动机常见故障之一，它对汽车的技术状况和使用性能有很大影响，而产生发动机异响故障的因素很多，错综复杂，给诊断带来一定的困难，所以研究发动机异响的诊断对实际的汽车维修有很大意义。
本文在介绍发动机基本构造和工作原理的基础上重点介绍了发动机异响的机理分析和发动机异响诊断的典型方法，其中诊断方法主要介绍了人工经验诊断和仪器辅助诊断两种。人工经验诊断是通过对汽油发动机和柴油发动机出现异响的原因进行分析，提出在实际维修过程中诊断异响应考虑的因素和无检测仪器的情况下正确判断异响部位的手段和方法。仪器诊断主要介绍利用示波器检测发动机重要部位振动波形，并对检测到的波形进行分析，以此对发动机异响做出正确判断。在此基础上又列举了汽油发动机与柴油发动机异响故障的典型案例，经过分析对异响与各种因素的关系进行了阐述，并介绍了几种诊断方法，最后根据诊断过程绘制出诊断流程图，旨在能为同行提供可借鉴的经验。
康康map-
汽车的倒没有
关于道路之类的倒是有几篇 英文文献
不知道要不？
要的话邮箱写个