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关于英语的问题

2023-07-11 21:23:43
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一)、一般现在时

1.概念

表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。

2.用法:

(1)现阶段经常性、习惯性动作

(2)目前的状态

(3)客观真理

3、构成:主语是第三人称单数时,作谓语动词的行为动词要加词尾-s(-es),其他人称和数用动词原形。常出现的时间状语有often,always,sometimes,every day,on Sunday等

例:We have five lessons in the morning.

Jack often goes to school by bike.

Guangzhou is 2313 kilometres away from Beijing.

二)一般过去时

1、概念:

一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

2、用法:

(1)过去发生的动作

(2)过去存在的状态

3、构成:用动词的过去式。常出现的时间状语有:yesterday,two days ago,last week,in 1990等

例:He went to work by bus yesterday.

Han Meimei was in the classroom a moment ago.

三)一般将来时

1、概念

一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。

2、用法

(1)将来发生的动作

(2)将来存在的状态

3、构成:助动词will(shall)+动词原形

am(is,are)+going to

常出现的时间状语有:tomorrow,next week,in two hours等

例:They will (are going to) meet outside the school gate tomorrow afternoon.

The people will not be pleased if you jump the queue.

注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。

四)过去将来时

1、概念

一般过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

2、构成:助动词would+动词原形

was, were + going to

常出现的时间状语有:(the)next day, (the) next year,that afternoon等

例:Linda said that she would (was going to) visit her uncle next Saturday.

He wanted to know if they would go to the mountain village that afternoon.

注:常用于宾语从句中

五)现在进行时

1、概念

现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。

2、用法:

说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。

3、构成am(is,are) +动词的现在分词

常出现的时间状语有:now

例:Kate"s parents are working in Canada now.

Look, the child is playing in the street.

注: come,go等动词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。

六)过去进行时

1、概念

过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。

2、构成:was(were) +动词的现在分词

常用时间状语:at four yesterday afternoon,at this time yesterday,表示过去时间的状语从句等

例:He was mending his bike at ten o"clock yesterday.

The twins were sweeping the floor when the teacher came in.

七)现在完成时

1、概念

现在完成时(Present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

2、用法:

(1)到现在为止已经完成的动作;对现在还有影响。(已完成)

(2)从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。(未完成)

3、构成:have(has) +动词的过去分词

常用时间状语:already, yet, just, ever, before, these years, since 1990,for ten years等

例:I have never heard of that before.

The visitor has been here for two days.

Three months have passed since I arrived in Sydney.

注:不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。

八)过去完成时

1、概念

过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,也可能是早已完成或结束,即“过去的过去”;也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。

2、用法:

(1)到过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作;对过去还有影响。

(2)从过去某时开始到另一个过去的时间为止的动作或状态。

3、构成:had +动词的过去分词

常出现的时间状语:by ten last night, by the end of last year,表示过去时间的状语等

例:We had learned 900 English words by the end of last term.

The train had already left when they got to the station.

When I arrived Kate had just left.

备注:有时没有时间状语,过去时间由上下文表示出来。

小教板

一般有以下几种方法:

1、通过与时间有关的词语来判断,如:today(今天),yestoday(昨天),now(现在)等

2、通过句子中的谓语动词来判断句子时态,如is(现在时态),did(过去时态),are + vting(现在进行时)等

3、也可以通过句子所在的语言环境来判断句子的时态。

蓓蓓

要么有明确的时间状语,要么有另一个时态已知的句子参考

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