- 大鱼炖火锅
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The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources in Tibet may be traced up to the beginning of the Christian era.To improve the tools of pro-duction Tibetan people learned the iron and copper smelting techniques early in the 1st century under the reign of the Tibetan king Zhatri.In the early 7th century under the reign of Tarpo Sharsi,the 30th king of Tibet(during the Tang Dynasty),ploughs,spades and other iron-made tools were widely used.Later,for the decoration of Buddhas,temples and palaces gold and mineral pigments came into use.The history of Tibetan medicine began in the 4th cen-tury when many mineral medicines were used.The book“Sibu Pharmacopoeia”published in 720 recorded the usage of boron.In addition,ex-ploitation and utilization of salt and peat for daily life,lead ores for making hunting guns,jade and gem stones for decoration,as well as that of kaolin can also be traced way back in history.
Regular mineral exploitation based on geological prospecting started after the founding of New China.From late 1950s to 1960s Tibet exploited mainly coal and boron,sometimes on a extensive scale.The mining areas were Tu-main for coal and the Baingoin Lake and Dujiari for boron.The exploitation of chromite and the development of geothermal resources commenced in the 1970s,when the Dongfeng chromite mine was established in Dongqiao of Am-do County.The Yangbajain geothermal power station was built and put into operation in 1977.Meanwhile,cement limestone,placer gold,peat,gypsum,salt,granite,china clay,etc.were also mined in a minor scope.Mining indus-try in Tibet has developed rapidly since the 1980s.The Dongfeng mine was shifted from Dongqiao to Lhobsa and the construction of the new mine started.A number of enterprises of the Shannan District,Qusum County and Lhasa City came to Lhobsa and set up their chromite mining branches,local or col-lective.The No.2 Geological Party,the Geophysical Prospecting Party,and the township enterprises of the Qusum and Gongga Counties mined the chromite deposit in Xianggashan on the east of Lhobsa.The advancement of mining industry in the Shannan District and its economic benefits had stimulat-ed the mining industry of Xigarze,Nagqu and some other places.In Xigarze area,apart from chromite,boron was developed in the west part.In Nagqu area,chromite,placer gold,boron and lead-zinc deposits were the key tar-gets.In 1986 the“Law of Mineral Resources”and a series of the related rules and regulations were promulgated by the State.Accordingly,the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region formulated local rules and regu-lations to bring the mining industry into the orbit of legal system.The Region and the six subsidiary districts,cities and individual counties established the corresponding mineral resources management organizations.By 1991,there were more than 10 state-owned and collective mining enterprises in the Re-gion.When added in the privately owned ones,the total reached 38;of which 15 of chromite,7 of boron,2 of gold placer,6 of lead-zinc,3 of stibium,2 of coal,1 of iron,1 of limestone,1 of gemstone;others were of copper,salt,gypsum,tin placer,granite,peat,apatite,geotherm,etc.Mining has become the backbone industry in Tibet.Its proportion in the industrial output value of Tibet has distinctly increased,e.g.,6.8%in 1986,14.9%in 1987,22.5%in1988,34%in 1989,and 27.2%in 1991.Mining industry had manifested its immeasurable effects and functions in the development of national economy and in the improvement of people's life in Tibet.