英语这里shrinks句中怎么翻译？

shrink 英[ʃrɪŋk] 美[ʃrɪŋk] vt. 收缩，皱缩; （使） 缩水; 退缩，畏缩; n. 收缩; 畏缩; <俚>精神病学家; [网络] 压缩; 缩; [例句]All my jumpers have shrunk.我所有的套头毛衣都缩水了。[其他] 第三人称单数：shrinks 复数：shrinks 现在分词：shrinking过去式：shrank 过去分词：shrunk 形近词： shrine shriek

过去式shrank 或 shrunk 过去分词shrunk 或 shrunken 现在分词shrinking 建议你下载一个有道词典，这样你学英语就方便多了，希望对你有帮助。

shrink的过去式有两种形式，shrank或者shrunk，都属于不规则变化，需要特别留意。 扩展资料 　　英语单词shrink有以下两种词性： 　　1、shrink用作动词时，基本意思是“收缩”“使…缩小”，引申还可表示“退缩”，指因遇到困难而很不情愿地后退。 　　2、shrink用作名词时，基本意思是“精神病学家，心理学家”。复数：shrinks。 　　例句： 　　1、They did not shrink from doing what was right. 　　只要做得对，他们就无所畏惧。 　　2、My sweater shrank in the wash. 　　我的毛衣缩水了。 　　3、Television in a sense has shrunk the world. 　　从某种意义上说电视把世界缩小了。

词典释义be shy with strangers举例:1.这孩子怕生。The child shrinks from meeting strangers.2.鸿渐了解她怕生的心理，也不勉强。Hung-chien understood her shyness and didn"t force her.3.他说话不多，是吗？是的，他怕生。He doesn"t talk much, does he? No, he"s shy.4.小女孩有些怕生，把头靠在她母亲的肩上。The little girl was somewhat shy, her head falling on her mother"s shoulder.5.在人工喂养和全心照料下，她成了只可爱健康但有点怕生的猫。Being bottle-fed and receiving the best care possible, she became a cute and healthy but shy cat.6.山里的孩子怕生，也特别的好奇，来了新老师，他们就满身心的激动，雀跃着奔走相告。Children afraid of the mountains, but can also special curiosity, to a new teacher, they full physical and mental excitement and joy to excitedly spread the news.

Can be machine wash, after washing, not wrinkle, not out of shape, do not fade, and not shrink

触摸怎么读英文

1.To be or not be,That is a question2.Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect.要出处，是不是写论文用的？呵呵！

B.首先可以确定这路应该填第三人称单数，所以排除A。在看意思，只有B是最符合的。意思是，当你给轮胎打气时，它就会鼓起来；当你把它的气放了之后，他就会瘪下去。我估计你不会做主要是因为你不懂礼貌某些单词的意思，另外CD都是坚持的意思，A是探险家的意思，tyre也可以写成tire（tire还有使劳累的意思，tired是累的意思），二者都是轮胎的意思。

washed clotheswash　基本词汇　英 [wu0252u0283] 　 　 美 [wɑu02d0u0283] 　 　n. 洗；洗涤v. 洗；洗涤；洗清wash bottle 洗瓶子wash car 洗车wash clothes 洗衣服wash dish 洗盘子This dress material shrinks in the wash.这种衣料一洗要缩水。We"ll toss a coin to see who does the wash.我们将掷币决定谁来洗衣服。扩展资料词汇用法——wash用作动词的基本意思是“洗涤”,即用水、酒精、煤油、洗涤剂、肥皂等洗掉物体或身体某一部分的脏东西。wash可用作不及物动词,当主语是人时,指洗手、脸等; 当主语是织物或布料时,指耐洗、经洗、不易掉色等,这时主动形式含有被动意义。wash也可用作及物动词,主语多为人,可指人用水洗手、洗脸、洗澡或洗衣服等。可接名词、代词作宾语,也可接以形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。

然而,缩小甚至几何严密这么小一个错误,这个反对是会太大授予任何力量的

The ruler shrinks the effect (theory of relativity) Acceleration and strength relations

海马 [词典] hippocampi; Hippocampus japonicus; Odobenus rosmarus; sea horse; [例句]最为的是，它缩小了前额叶皮质和海马体的体积。Most significantly of all, it shrinks the volume of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus.复数：一般的可以用：kind(s), type(s), class(es), sort(s), variety(-ies), decription(s).—— 括号里加的就是复数.race(s) —— 种族.species（单复数是一样的,一般用在生物方面）

Web程序员必备的CSS工具CSS问题检查工具：CSS LintCSS Lint是一个开源的校验CSS文件质量的工具，最初是由 Nicholas C. Zakas和 Nicole Sullivan编写的，最初版本在Velocity会议上于2011年6月发布。CSS Lint的检测规则包括错误的和警告，当选择器或属性书写不正确、漏掉了大括号、多写了分号等时，会提示解析错误，解析错误优先提示。CSS代码分析统计工具：CSS StatsCss Stats是一款在线CSS代码分析工具，输入网站CSS网址即可进行CSS代码分析。Css Stats是前端网页设计师分析网站CSS代码的利器，可以统计CSS代码里的规则、字体大小、宽度高度、颜色数等等。对于网页设计师而言分享网页CSS代码是必须要做的事情，统计网站设计里使用了多少种字体、多少种字体大小、多少种颜色、背景颜色有多少种，只有对CSS代码有一个详细的统计数字才能分析出来整个网站设计出来以后的效果。Css Stats还提供热门网站的CSS分析数据，例如谷歌、雅虎、Twitter、FaceBook、Tumblr等网站。CSS代码优化压缩工具：CSS ShrinksCSS Shrinks 能够非常明显的压缩你的CSS体积大小。很多Web程序员编写的CSS代码里有大量的冗余语法，空白空间等，这款工具能在不影响你的CSS的正确性的情况下，优化CSS的语法，去除无用的空格和空行，显著的压缩CSS的提交，大量的减少带宽的浪费。CSS代码整理工具：ProCSSorProCSSor 除了提供基本优化CSS代码功能，还提供了大量的自定义选项。比如，让你设定CSS规则，CSS属性，CSS语法的优化选项。它还提供了对新型CSS3属性、规则中各种浏览器里的不兼容替代方案。Codrops CSS 语法参考Codrops CSS 参考内容丰富而全面，并且界面清爽直接，你可以使用这个工具掌握CSS里最重要而全面的知识。它的CSS知识库分成了数个类别，包括伪类，属性，函数，数据类型，概念，规则等。CSS3浏览器兼容支持情况查询工具：Can I Use“Can I Use”在这里你能找到所有web新特性在各个品牌浏览器以及各品牌浏览器不同版本的兼容性，当你知道你针对的用户都在使用什么浏览器时，这写table将对你建设网站有很大帮助。打开caniuse.com，该网站首页将所有HTML5、CSS3等web新特性罗列出来，如果你想查看某个特性在不同浏览器种的兼容情况，点击一下就可以。比如，看一下@font-face Web fonts在各个浏览器中的兼容性，点击CSS区域中的第一项，会看到一个表格，列出所有浏览器的版本，用不同颜色代表每个浏览器对@font face Web fonts的支持，被标识为红色的代表不支持，浅绿色代表部分支持。图中列出的浏览器还包括一些手机平板设备浏览器，例如Android系统浏览器。如此全面，设计网站时，可以根据网站针对的用户有选择的使用CSS和Javascript的高级特性，提高用户体验。检查你的代码是否符合CSS标准：W3C CSS Validation Service这个工具是用来检查你的CSS语法是否正确，是否符合W3C CSS标准。我们知道从最早的IE开始，各种浏览器都实现了一些自己的方言，这些方言中在各种浏览器里互不相通。但我们开发网页时，必须最大限度的考虑各种浏览器的兼容性，最好的方法是遵守W3C的CSS标准规范。W3C CSS Validation Service就是用来校验你的css中的问题，它会提醒你那些语法，哪些属性，那些规则是有问题的。CSS动画生成工具：Gradient Animator这是一款使用CSS Gradient和CSS Animation技术实现的动态背景生成工具。工具非常易用，轻松地点击几下鼠标，一个现代感十足的渐变动态背景代码就生成了。它可以让CSS渐变背景平滑地移动，我们可以设置移动的角度，移动的速度，渐变的角度。支持所有现代浏览器以及 ie 10+。非常适合做网页开屏背景。

1、Tempdb数据库是临时数据库，不用对其进行收缩的。2、只要重启SQL服务就Tempdb就会恢复原始状态，所以不用收缩。3、Tempdb并不存储真是数据，只是数据临时暂存，你收缩或者不收缩，对运行速度提升不大。4、应从根本上去对SQL语句或程序层面找问题，分析问题，从而解决问题。

1，sometimes, strange2,untill he come back3,cleaned4,first5,remember that do not6,is open/watering7,is easy8，fall down from, run into9,untill the end of this mounth10,some11,some12,stay,to take a rest13,comes out of, shrinks his head

　　我是一个生命，生命的意愿是生存，在生命的中途，她愿意活着。　　在我的生命意识中，带着对毁灭和痛苦的惧怕，渴望着更广阔的生存和快乐；我的周遭围绕着同样的生命意识，无论她在我面前表达自己还是保持沉默。　　生命意识到处展现，在我自身也是同样。如果我是一个有思维的生命，我必须以同等的敬畏来尊敬其他生命，而不仅仅限于自我小圈子，因为我明白：她深深地渴望圆满和发展的意愿，跟我是一模一样的。所以，我认为毁灭、妨碍、阻止生命是极其恶劣的。　　尊敬生命，在实际上和精神上两个方面，我都保持真实。根据同样的理由，尽我所能，挽救和保护生命达到她的高度发展，是尽善尽美的。　　在我内部，生命意识懂得了其他的生命意识。她渴望透过自身达到整合，成为一个整体。我只能坚持这样一个事实，生命意识透过我展示了她自己：成为与其他生命意识相互依存的一员。　　我经验过向一切生命意识表达同等敬畏的不可遏止的冲动，如同尊敬自身的一样。通过这种经验形成了我的伦理观。一个人遵从这种冲动，去帮助所有他能够帮助的生命，并且畏惧伤害任何活着的生灵，这个人才是符合伦理的。　　如果我把一个昆虫从泥坑救出来，我的生命对另一个生命做出贡献，那么对立于生命自身的生命分隔现象就消失了。　　不论何时不论何种方式，我的生命对另一个生命贡献出他自身，我的生命意识就经历了一个从有限到无限的融合的愿望，在这个愿望中，所有的生命是一个整体。　　绝对伦理要求在生命中创造完美。她不可能完全实现；这一点倒无所谓。对生命敬畏的感觉是绝对的伦理。它使生命序列的保持和提升顺利运作。　　不论在什么情况下，毁灭和伤害生命都如同恶魔一样有罪。在实践中，我们真的被迫选择。我们经常必须武断地决定何种形式的生命，甚至何种特殊的人，我们应该挽救，何种我们应该毁灭。尽管如此，敬畏生命的原则仍然是完整的和毋庸置疑的。　　这种伦理并不因为人们的伦理观抵触现象而失效，农民在牧场割草喂牛割下了一千棵花，可是他必须注意，在回家的路上，不要因为沉浸在消遣心情里而划掉路旁的花朵，因为这样做是不必要，是对生命犯下罪行。　　(英文版)　　I am life which wills to live, in the midst of life which wills to live. As in my own will-to-live there is a longing for wider life and pleasure, with dread of annihilation and pain; so is it also in the will-to-live all around me, whether it can express itself before me or remains dumb. The will-to-live is everywhere present, even as in me. If I am a thinking being, I must regard life other than my own with equal reverence, for I shall know that it longs for fullness and development as deeply as I do myself. Therefore, I see that evil is what annihilates, hampers, or hinders life. And this holds true whether I regard it physically or spiritually. Goodness, by the same token, is the saving or helping of life, the enabling of whatever life I can to attain its highest development.　　In me the will-to-live has come to know about other wills-to-live. There is in it a yearning to arrive at unity with itself, to become universal. I can do nothing but hold to the fact that the will-to-live in me manifests itself as will-to-live which desires to become one with other will-to-live.　　Ethics consist in my experiencing the compulsion to show to all will-to-live the same reverence as I do my own. A man is truly ethical only when he obeys the compulsion to help all life which he is able to assist, and shrinks from injuring anything that lives. If I save an insect from a puddle, life has devoted itself to life, and the division of life against itself has ended. Whenever my life devotes itself in any way to life, my finite will-to-live experiences union with the infinite will in which all life is one.　　An absolute ethic calls for the creating of perfection in this life. It cannot be completely achieved; but that fact does not really matter. In this sense reverence for life is an absolute ethic. It makes only the maintenance and promotion of life rank as good. All destruction of and injury to life, under whatever circumstances, it condemns as evil. True, in practice we are forced to choose. At times we have to decide arbitrarily which forms of life, and even which particular individuals, we shall save, and which we shall destroy. But the principle of reverence for life is nonetheless universal and absolute.　　Such an ethic does not abolish for man all ethical conflicts but compels him to decide for himself in each case how far he can remain ethical and how far he must submit himself to the necessity for destruction of and injury to life. No one can decide for him at what point, on each occasion, lies the extreme limit of possibility for his persistence in the preservation and furtherance of life. He alone has to judge this issue, by letting himself be guided by a feeling of the highest possible responsibility towards other life. We must never let ourselves become blunted. We are living in truth, when we experience these conflicts more profoundly.　　Whenever I injure life of any sort, I must be quite clear whether it is necessary. Beyond the unavoidable, I must never go, not even with what seems insignificant. The farmer, who has mown down a thousand flowers in his meadow as fodder for his cows, must be careful on his way home not to strike off in wanton pastime the head of a single flower by the roadside, for he thereby commits a wrong against life without being under the pressure of necessity

Twelve years ago, I was a NBA forum"s editor, every week with SuQun teacher partner, do the Titan sports newspaper basketball layout. Report 1999 The NBA season after The crash, a shrinking in New York knicks fans played to Madison square garden stadium banners, let me long unforgettable: Us with The World.hat year, the New York knicks playoff eastern eighth on black eight miracle, unexpectedly scored in the NBA finals. Then one summer basketball hero, not a final, but the spurs win towers HunShenShiDan, BiNi sifang latrell sprewell was.Us with The World. A lonely glory, a kid"s stubborn desperate, a man true temperament straightforward reveal. And the world of enmity, faint, and we the eloquence flood that mencius shrinks, the cloud "instead though million, I toward" pride, the momentum of the heroic, where it belongs.Us with The World. This two days, I have seen most impressive a title, but The World with Arsene. Will the Us replaced with Arsene, will be a team name, replaced by an individual name. Is today"s arsane, really has become isolated?hat year, the New York knicks playoff eastern eighth on black eight miracle, unexpectedly scored in the NBA finals. Then one summer basketball hero, not a final, but the spurs win towers HunShenShiDan, BiNi sifang latrell sprewell was.Us with The World. A lonely glory, a kid"s stubborn desperate, a man true temperament straightforward reveal. And the world of enmity, faint, and we the eloquence flood that mencius shrinks, the cloud "instead though million, I toward" pride, the momentum of the heroic, where it belongs.Us with The World. This two days, I have seen most impressive a title, but The World with Arsene. Will the Us replaced with Arsene, will be a team name, replaced by an individual name. Is today"s arsane, really has become isolated? Can stand up for his speaking, very few. Paul lavishing still drinking, he is also keen to stop gambling jumped out to beat, said of the Arsenal game look now, always hurry to scratch wall wall, said he hated arsene wenger except your own pies, "team, he rebuked everyone......" Once the Arsenal legend, now also not taboo admits that Chelsea from their fans, although he is grateful for all Arsenal for him to do. But accept or said 1, "if today wenger left Arsenal, mourinho leave real Madrid, so in the world most the first team is chasing arsene wenger..."The World with Arsene twelve years ago, I was a NBA forum"s editor, every week with SuQun teacher partner, do The Titan sports newspaper basketball layout. Report 1999 The NBA season after The crash, a shrinking in New York knicks fans played to Madison square garden stadium banners, let me long unforgettable: Us with The World.That year, the New York knicks playoff eastern eighth on black eight miracle, unexpectedly scored in the NBA finals. Then one summer basketball hero, not a final, but the spurs win towers HunShenShiDan, BiNi sifang latrell sprewell was.Us with The World. A lonely glory, a kid"s stubborn desperate, a man true temperament straightforward reveal. And the world of enmity, faint, and we the eloquence flood that mencius shrinks, the cloud "instead though million, I toward" pride, the momentum of the heroic, where it belongs.Us with The World. This two days, I have seen most impressive a title, but The World with Arsene. Will the Us replaced with Arsene, will be a team name, replaced by an individual name. Is today"s arsane, really has become isolated?Can stand up for his speaking, very few. Paul lavishing still drinking, he is also keen to stop gambling jumped out to beat, said of the Arsenal game look now, always hurry to scratch wall wall, said he hated arsene wenger except your own pies, "team, he rebuked everyone......" Once the Arsenal legend, now also not taboo admits that Chelsea from their fans, although he is grateful for all Arsenal for him to do. But accept or said 1, "if today wenger left Arsenal, mourinho leave real Madrid, so in the world most the first team is chasing arsene wenger..."Not given more lavishing reason to explain why this with the world and was the Arsene after limb might win so many, still popular. Accept the this view, itself is a mystery. A hidden in all Arsenal fans, and appreciate arsene wenger"s fans mystery.Wenger himself in became a mystery.He became more and more angry. Anger is stupid, only out of control personnel will be angry. He is getting more and more exhausted. Fatigue is a weak, only the morale, will downturn feeling tired. He became more and more lonely. Loneliness is a shame, only failure, will lead the irreparably loneliness.However, I find it hard to sympathize with the eye, to observe the sidelines, but nearly in the more and more distant from football arsene wenger. He doesn"t need sympathy, today"s loneliness, actually already doomed. When he was carrying the cross, walk on the narrow path.or, but to build that seat, he had already ziggurats made sacrifices of preparation.

1.比较优美的英文句子 Discipline is remembering what you want。 克己修身之道在于紧记自己的所需。 The difference between the determination。 事之可为与不可为，紧于人的决心。 Life shrinks or expands in proportion one"s courage。 人生起落以意志勇怯而定。 There are no speed limits on the road to excellence。 迈向卓越之路并无速度限制。 Careers,like rockets,don"t always take lff on schedule。 The key is to keep working on the engines。事业就像火箭并非总是依时升空。 关键是始终保持动力。 Making long-term decisions requires short-term difficulties。 要作长远的决定势必面对眼前的困阻。 There was never a night or a problem that could defeatsunrise or hope。 黑夜不能阻止日出，难题无法抹杀希望。 Truth is etermal,knowledge is changeabli。 It is disastrous to confuse them。真理是永恒的，知识却可变易，混淆二者则后果不堪设想。 Where principli is involved,be deaf to expediency。牵涉到原则的时候，决不能通融。 Prejudice is a burden that confuses the past,threatens the future and renders the present inaccessible。偏见是心灵上的累赘，会播迷务于往事，植危机于未来，更使人无法掌握现在。 The winds and waves are always on the side of the ablest navigators。能干的领航员永远看风使帆。 Let him that would move the world,first move himself。 要推动世界，须先自己行动。 Noboby gets to live life backward。Look ahead___that"s where your future lies。 谁也不能回到过去。要向前看，那才是你要走的路。 Most people are welling to pay more to be amused than to be educated。 大多数人情愿多付代价娱己，却吝啬请教求益。 He who lives without discipline dies without honor。生前不律己，身后难流芳。 You have to be frest,best or different。 做事不先人着鞭，也应高人一等或与人不同。 Heroes and winners aren"t the same thing。英雄未必得胜，胜利者未必是英雄。 No great deed,private or public,has ver been undertaken in a bliss lf certainty。 杰出成就，不论公私，从来不是侥幸得来。 Victories only mean something they lead to happiness。胜利要带来快乐，才有意义。 Old age begins when we rise in the morning without a goal and lie down at night without hope。 假若你早晨起床时心里没任何目标，晚上就寝时心里没任何期望，那表示你开始老了。 The way to use our past is not as crutches,but as steps up a ladder。不要视经验为拐杖，而应视之为助人进步的阶梯。 Men and kings are gauged not only bythe way they cope with defeat,but the way they hadle victory。衡量一个人是否卓越，不但要看他如何应付挫折，也要看他成功以后如何自处。 Underpromise;overdeliver。少些许诺，多些践诺。 If you don"t thind every day is a good day,just try missing one。假如你不觉得人生天天美好，大可不过一天试试。 Everybody thinks of changing humanity and nobody thinks lf changing himself。人人都想改变人性，但谁都没想到要改变自己。 It is almost impossible to watch a sunset and not dream。 看日落而不兴遐想，几乎是不可能的。 The young do not know enough to be prudent,and therefore they attempt the impossible____and achieve it,generation after generation。 年轻人少不更事，不知天高地厚，因此勇赴不可能事，竟有所成，代代如此。 2.简短唯美的英语句子 Never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 纵然伤心，也不要愁眉不展，因为你不知是谁会爱上你的笑容。 Don"t cry because it is over, smile because it happened. 不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，为你的曾经拥有。No man or woman is worth your tears, and the one who is, won"t make you cry. 没有人值得你流泪，值得让你这么做的人不会让你哭泣。 Never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 纵然伤心，也不要愁眉不展，因为你不知是谁会爱上你的笑容。 The sandflass remembers the time we lost 沙漏记得`我们遗忘的时光 3.描写靴子的句子有哪些 1. 冬天穿猪皮或牛皮靴，年迈老人多数穿高腰毡鞋。 2. 意大利的轮廓图使人联想到一只靴子。 3.丹尼首先须要洗澡，清洗他的靴子，脱掉他的丝绸进行洗烫，之后他才能与他的妻子接触。 4，.那是靴子的声音，沉重的平头钉靴子。 5.这个系统也对自动系鞋带的其他鞋子开放，包括冰鞋，靴子，滑雪靴，雪板靴，轮滑鞋，男鞋，拖鞋，和其他脚上穿的鞋子。 6.如此合身没有任何皱褶：皮靴长至大腿！ 7.平安的帽子，幸福的手套，快乐的大衣，吉祥的靴子，如意的马车，通通都给你！谁让你长得像圣诞老人呢？赶紧准备好礼物哦！平安夜快乐，圣诞节快乐！ 8.我把靴子里的水抖出来。 9.每天都是湿的靴子。单人桥。和终于变晴的天。 10. 面无表情的，结实的男孩弯下腰，解开靴子，从隐藏隔层里抽出一卷泛黄的羊皮纸。 11.真理的靴子尚未穿上，谎言就跑遍世界。马克·吐温 12.穿过田野后，他的两只靴子满是泥块. 13. 同样地，十新持牌靴子制造商，如阿迪达斯风格，彪马，茵宝及美津浓已被添加。 14.不是说光有靴子就完事大吉了。 15.说实话，他脚上这双靴子，给他整体加分。

shrink：v. （使）缩小，（使）收缩；（尤指因恐惧而）退缩，畏缩，回避；（衣服、布料）缩水n. 收缩；畏缩；（非正式）精神病医生，精神病学家，心理学家例句：I"ve seen a shrink already. 我已经看过了精神病医生。All wood tends to shrink. 所有的木头都会收缩。

shrink不及物动词vi.1.收缩,缩短,皱缩Thisdressmaterialshrinksinthewash.这种衣料一洗要缩水。2.退缩,畏怯Theboyshrankintoacornerwhenthebullythreatenedtobeathim.恶棍威胁说要揍那男孩,男孩便退缩到一个角落里。3.变小,变少,变瘦Whenhisinfluencebegantoshrink,hiswealthalsodecreased.当他的影响缩小时,他的财富也减少了。4.回避,退避[(+from)]Sheshrinksfrommeetingstrangers.她怕见生人。及物动词vt.1.使收缩,使皱缩Hotwatershrinkswool.热水会使羊毛皱缩。2.使缩小,使变瘦Shortageofhandshasshrunkourplant"syearlyoutput.人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。名词n.1.收缩[C][U]2.畏缩[C][U]3.【美】【俚】精神科医师[C]

Will this soap shrink woollen clothes?这种肥皂会使毛织衣物收缩吗?The dog shrank from the whip.那狗退缩以躲避鞭子。He shrank with cold.他冷得缩成一 团。The cloth shrinks in the wash.这布一洗要缩水

shrinkage["??ri??kid??]n.收缩；减低SHRINKAGE：缩水；缩孔；收缩；收缩量shrink不及物动词vi.1.收缩,缩短,皱缩Thisdressmaterialshrinksinthewash.这种衣料一洗要缩水。2.退缩,畏怯Theboyshrankintoacornerwhenthebullythreatenedtobeathim.恶棍威胁说要揍那男孩,男孩便退缩到一个角落里。3.变小,变少,变瘦Whenhisinfluencebegantoshrink,hiswealthalsodecreased.当他的影响缩小时,他的财富也减少了。4.回避,退避[(+from)]Sheshrinksfrommeetingstrangers.她怕见生人。及物动词vt.1.使收缩,使皱缩Hotwatershrinkswool.热水会使羊毛皱缩。2.使缩小,使变瘦Shortageofhandshasshrunkourplant"syearlyoutput.人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。名词n.1.收缩[C][U]2.畏缩[C][U]3.【美】【俚】精神科医师[C]

shrinkage ["06ri07kid01] n. 收缩；减低 SHRINKAGE： 缩水；缩孔；收缩；收缩量shrink不及物动词 vi.1.收缩,缩短,皱缩This dress material shrinks in the wash.这种衣料一洗要缩水。2.退缩,畏怯The boy shrank into a corner when the bully threatened to beat him.恶棍威胁说要揍那男孩,男孩便退缩到一个角落里。3.变小,变少,变瘦When his influence began to shrink, his wealth also decreased.当他的影响缩小时,他的财富也减少了。4.回避,退避[(+from)]She shrinks from meeting strangers.她怕见生人。及物动词 vt.1.使收缩,使皱缩Hot water shrinks wool.热水会使羊毛皱缩。2.使缩小,使变瘦Shortage of hands has shrunk our plant"s yearly output.人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。名词 n.1.收缩[C][U]2.畏缩[C][U]3.【美】【俚】精神科医师[C]

In delay there lies no plenty , Then come kiss me , sweet and twenty , Youth"s a stuff that will not endure . 迁延蹉跎，来日无多，二十丽姝，请来吻我，衰草枯杨，青春易过。 The course of true love never did run smooth.真爱总要饱经历练。 A light heart lives long .( William Shakespeare , British dramatist ) 豁达者长寿。 (英国剧作家 莎士比亚. W.) The time of life is short ; to spend that shortness basely, it would be too long . (William Shakespeare , British dramatist ) 人生苦短，若虚度年华，则短暂的人生就太长了。(英国剧作家 莎士比亚. W.) Don"t gild the lily. 不要给百合花镀金/画蛇添足。 (英国剧作家 莎士比亚 . W .) The empty vessels make the greatest sound . (William Shakespeare , British dramatist ) 满瓶不响，半瓶咣当。 (英国剧作家 莎士比亚. W.) Just be myself. 超越你自己。——莎士比亚 新的火焰可以把旧的火焰扑灭； 大的苦痛可以使小的苦痛减轻。 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 The new flame may suppress the old flame; The big pain may cause the small pain to reduce. "Romeo And Juliet" 聪明人变成了痴愚，是一条最容易上钩的游鱼；因为他凭恃才高学广，看不见自己的狂妄。The smart person turned crazily has been simpleminded, was on aeasiest hook to swim the fish; Because he depends on relies on highlytalented study is broad, cannot see own arrogance. 愚人的蠢事算不得稀奇，聪明人的蠢事才叫人笑痛肚皮；因为他用全副的本领，证明他自己愚笨。 Fool"s foolish matter cannot be regarded strangely, smart person"s foolish matter only then is called the human laugh oneself sick belly; Because he uses the complete ability, proved he is stupid. 《爱的徒劳》 对自己忠实，才不会对别人欺诈。 习惯简直有一种改变气质的神奇力量，它可以使魔鬼主宰人类的灵魂，也可以把他们从人们的心里驱逐出去。 《哈姆雷特》 The custom simply has one kind of change makings the mysteriousstrength, it may cause the devil to control humanity"s soul, also maypursue them from people"s heart. "Hamlet" 我没有路，所以不需要眼睛；当我能够看见的时候，我也会失足颠仆，我们往往因为有所自恃而失之于大意，反不如缺陷却能对我们有益。 《李尔王》 I do not have the road, therefore does not need the eye; When I cansee, I also can lose footing jolt the servant, we often because haverely on lose it to the general idea, instead was inferior to the flawactually can be beneficial to us. "Li You King" 要一个骄傲的人看清他自己的嘴脸，只有用别人的骄傲给他做镜子；倘若向他卑躬屈膝，不过添长了他的气焰，徒然自取其辱。 Takes an arrogant person to see clearly his countenance, only then arrogantly makes the mirror with others to him; If acts servilely to him, but added steadily his arrogance, brought contempt upon oneself in vain. 《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》 "Troy Ross And Gram Auspicious Theda" 外观往往和事物的本身完全不符，世人都容易为表面的装饰所欺骗。 The outward appearance often with the thing itself completely symbol,the common people all easily does not deceive for the superficialdecoration 没有比较，就显不出长处；没有欣赏的人，乌鸦的歌声也就和云雀一样。要是夜莺在白天杂在聒噪里歌唱，人家绝不以为它比鹪鹩唱得更美。多少事情因为逢到有利的环境，才能达到尽善的境界，博得一声恰当的赞赏。 Without the comparison, cannot appear the strong point; The appreciation person, crow"s singing sound also on has been dissimilar with the skylark.If the nightingale sings mixed in the daytime in the commotion, others did not think it compared to jiao liao sings beautifully.Because how many matters meet to the advantageous environment, can achieve the friendliest boundary, wins an appropriate appreciation. 《威尼斯商人》 "Venetian merchant" 懦夫在未死以前，就已经死了好多次；勇士一生只死一次，在一切怪事中，人们的贪生怕死就是一件最奇怪的事情。 行为胜于雄辩，愚人的眼睛是比他们的耳朵聪明得多的。 《英雄叛国记》 Before the coward in has not been dead, already has died many; Bravewarrior life only dies a time, in all strange events, the people covetlife and fear death are a strangeest matter. The behavior wins to the convincing argument, fool"s eye is much moreintelligent than theirs ear. "Hero Commits treason Records" 疑惑足以败事。一个人往往因为遇事畏缩的原故，失去了成功的机会。 最好的好人，都是犯过错误的过来人；一个人往往因为有一点小小的缺点，更显出他的可爱。 《量罪记》 Has doubts sufficiently messes things up. A person often becauseencounters a difficulty the reason which shrinks, has lost thesuccessful opportunity. The best good person, all has violated the wrong somebody who has beenthrough passerby; A person often because has a point of smallshortcoming, appears his lovable. "The quantity crime records 他赏了你钱，所以他是好人；有了拍马的人，自然就有爱拍马的人。 He has enjoyed your money, therefore he is the good person; Had thesycophancy person, naturally has the love sycophancy person 《黄金梦》 世界是一个舞台，所有的男男女女不过是一些演员，他们都有下场的时候，也都有上场的时候。一个人的一生中扮演着好几个角色。 "Gold Dream" The world is a stage, all men and women are only some actors,they all have the fate time, also all has the time which goes onstage. In a person"s life is acting the quite several roles. 《皆大欢喜》 赞美倘从被赞美自己的嘴里发出，是会减去赞美的价值的；从敌人嘴里发出的赞美才是真正的光荣。 Happy " Praises if from is praised in own mouth to send out, is valuewhich can subtract praises; Sends out from the enemy mouth approvesthe outstanding talent is the true honor. 《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》 "Troy Ross And Gram Auspicious Theda" 黑暗无论怎样悠长，白昼总会到来。 世界上还没有一个方法，可以从一个人的脸上探察他的居心。 Darkness regardless of is how long, the daytime general meetingarrives. In the world does not have a method, may search from on a person"sface observes his mind. 《麦克佩斯》 要是你做了狮子，狐狸会来欺骗你： 要是你做了羔羊，狐狸会来吃了你； 要是你做了狐狸，万一骗子向你告发，狮子会对你起疑心； 要是你做了骗子，你的愚蠢将使你受苦，而且你也不免做豺狼的一顿早餐…… "Mike Pais" If you have made the lion, the fox can deceive you: If you have made the lamb, the fox could come to eat you; If you have made the fox, 11,000 swindlers accuse to you, the lion canget up the suspicion to you; If you have been the swindler, you stupid will cause you to sufferhardships, moreover you also unavoidably will make a wolf"sbreakfast... 《黄金梦》 魔鬼为了陷害我们起见，往往故意向我们说真话，在小事情上取得我们的信任，然后我们在重要的关头便会堕入他的圈套。 "Gold Dream" The devil in order to frame us in order to, often intentionally toldthe truth to us, obtains our trust at the small matter, then we thencan fall into his snare in the important moment. 《麦克佩斯》 "Mike Pais" 上天生下我们，是要把我们当做火炬，不是照亮自己，而是普照世界。因为我们的德行倘不能推及他人，那就等于没有一样。 The heaven gives birth to us, is must treat as us the torch, is not illuminates oneself, but shines the world.If because our German line cannot extend to other people, that was equal to has been dissimilar. 《一报还一报》 一个骄傲的人，结果总是在骄傲里毁灭了自己，他一味对镜自赏，自吹自擂，遇事只顾浮夸失实，到头来只是事事落空而已。 无论一个人的天赋如何优异，外表或内心如何美好，也必须在他们德性的光辉照耀到他人身上发生了热力，再由感受他的热力的人把那热力反射到自己身上的时候，才会体会到他本身的价值的存在。 "A Newspaper Also Newspaper" In an arrogant person, the result in was always arrogant has destroyedown, he from enjoyed constantly to the mirror, blows own horn, toencounter a difficulty considers only the empty boasting not to be inaccordance with the facts, only was in the end everything fails. Regardless of a person"s talent how outstanding, the semblance or theinnermost feelings are how happy, also had to shine in their moralitymoral character glory to his person on has had the thermal energy,again by felt his thermal energy person reflected that thermal energyto the oneself body on the time, only then can realize his itself thevalue existence. 《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》 "Troy Ross And Gram Auspicious Theda"

Do not , for one repulse , give up the purpose that you resolved to effect . 不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 In delay there lies no plenty , Then come kiss me , sweet and twenty , Youth"s a stuff that will not endure . 迁延蹉跎，来日无多，二十丽姝，请来吻我，衰草枯杨，青春易过。 Don"t gild the lily. 不要给百合花镀金/画蛇添足。 The empty vessels make the greatest sound . 满瓶不响，半瓶咣当。 The course of true love never did run smooth. 真诚的爱情之路永不会是平坦的。 Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.-Shakespeare 宁为聪明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才子。－莎士比亚 A light heart lives long . 豁达者长寿。

shrink[英][u0283ru026au014bk][美][u0283ru026au014bk]vt.& vi.收缩，皱缩; （使）缩水; 退缩，畏缩; n.收缩; 畏缩; <俚>精神病学家; 第三人称单数：shrinks过去分词：shrunkshrunken复数：shrinks现在进行时：shrinking过去式：shrankshrunk例句：1.Previously it was about what are we going to do to shrink the transistors. 过去的担心是如何缩小晶体管体积。2.Soon their number will begin to shrink. 很快这个数字会开始收缩。看过以上的解释，应该是可以这样用的。

歌曲名:Harvest of Sorrow歌手:Blind Guardian专辑:LiveShe is goneLeaves are falling downThe tear maiden will not returnThe seal of oblivion is brokenAnd a pure love"s been turned into sinAt the dawn of our living timeHope may cover all criesTruth lurks hidden in the shadowsDreams might be filled with liesSoon there will be nightPain remains insideSuddenly it seemed so clearAll the blindness was taken awayShe closed her eyesAnd she called out my nameShe was never ever seen againHarvest of sorrowYour seed is grownIn a frozen world full of criesWhen the ray of light shrinksShall cold winter nights beginShe is goneAnd I fall from graceNo healing charm covers my woundsFooled"s the dawnAnd so I amFooled by life and a bitter doomTo bring you the end of the dayAt the dawn of our living timeHope it soon will pass byFacing a darknessI stand aloneHarvest of sorrowYour seed is grownIn a frozen world full of criesWhen the ray of light shrinksShall cold winter nights beginhttp://music.baidu.com/song/56556183

The environmental movement has marked its advancement in a series of caps and cutoffs and deadlines. On Jan. 9, one of those targets came and went: the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Interior Department agency that evaluates endangered species, was due that day to deliver its ruling on the polar bear. Though FWS had already taken over a year to investigate the polar bear"s plight (困境)—green groups sued(向请求) the federal government two years ago to declare the animal as threatened under the Endangered Species Act—the day before the deadline, the agency announced that it would need another month to decide, due to the complexity of the bear"s situation. That situation is as follows: as temperatures warm, the Arctic sea ice that supports the polar bear shrinks, leaving the animals to drown as they are forced to swim long distances between the ice, or simply starve to death. The summer of 2007 saw record melting of Arctic sea ice, and NASA scientists now predict that the Arctic could be ice free as soon as the summer of 2013. “Without the sea ice, there is no polar bear,” says Andrew Wetzler, director of the Natural Resource Defense Council"s endangered species project. Indeed, a study by the United States Geological Service in September 2007 projected that the polar bear population—which currently stands at roughly 25,000_—could decline two thirds by 2050. Now the bears face another threat. On Feb. 6—three days before FWS"s new deadline—the Minerals Management Service (MMS), also part of the Interior Department, plans to lease(出租) 30 million acres for oil and gas drilling in the Chukchi Sea bordering Alaska_, where one fifth of the world"s remaining polar bears live. Drilling—with the risk of spills(散落) and seismic(地震的) damage—could further jeopardize (危害) the polar bear, and environmentalists consider it suspicious that FWS decided to delay its decision until after the lease sale. “It seems that every time there is a choice between extraction and extinction in this administration_, extraction wins,” said Rep. Ed Markey, the chairman of the House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, at a hearing on the issue held Thursday. But the fate of the polar bear goes beyond a single oil and gas project. If the species are declared threatened, FWS will have responsibilities under the Endangered Species Act to protect the bears from their main danger—in this case, climate change. That means the government could be challenged legally for anything that increases carbon dioxide emissions—like a new coal power plant—on the grounds that further climate change would further endanger the polar bear. “It would be the first time that the Bush Administration would recognize that global warming had a significant and specific impact on a living being,” says Eben Burnham Snyder, a spokesperson for Markey. “This could have a wide ranging effect on the energy and environmental policies of this country.” 来源：新高考·高二语数外

歌曲名:Trust No. 1歌手:Migraine专辑:David ShrinksNeon Trees - TrustTrustYou, you"ve got your head in a screenAnd I, I"m trying to get your attention, emmmYou appear as a child, with your heart on your sleeveBut you"re acting exactly, as you do in my dreamsI said you, you are not what you seemAnd you"re finding out thatFalling down can feel strangeNo one remembers your nameYou"re loosing the gameThat"s the thing about trustIt"s always the sameSad story againYou lose all your friendsThat"s the thing about trustYou, you"ve got your head in a sling, yeahAnd I, I"m trying to give you salvationYou appear as a devil, like a wolf in the woodsBut you"re acting exactly as we expected you wouldI said you, you hear the words that I singIt"s a shock to the systemFalling down can feel strangeNo one remembers your nameYou"re loosing the gameThat"s the thing about trustIt"s always the sameSad story againYou lose all your friendsThat"s the thing about trustDon"t lie to me when the pressure"s on, you gotta have trustDon"t lie to me when the pressure"s on, you gotta have trustDon"t lie to me when the pressure"s on, you gotta have trustDon"t lie to me when the pressure"s on, I said you gotta have trustFalling down can feel strangeNo one remembers your nameYou"re losing the gameThat"s the thing about trustIt"s always the sameSad story againYou lose all your friendsThat"s the thing about trustFalling down can feel strangeNo one remembers your nameYou"re losing the gameThat"s the thing about trustIt"s always the sameSad story againYou lose all your friendsThat"s the thing about trustTrusthttp://music.baidu.com/song/14978693

Please raise your hand if you have any question.如有问题请举手。He raised his eyes from his work.他停下工作举目观看。He raised his offer to $500.他把出价提高到500美元。I was raised by my aunt on the farm.我是在农场有姑妈抚养大的。

He roamed from chamber to chamber with hurried, unequal and objectless steps . 他漫无目的地从一个房间游荡到另一个房间，步子 时大时小 ，但总是十分急促。 Since then there have been many different members in the lawrence city band as the group grows and shrinks depending on the number of musicians in it 自此之后，劳伦斯市市立乐团就拥有许多不同的团员，而乐团会依现有的音乐家人数，规模 时大时小 。 Being primarily controlled by northwest faults , cretaceous of jiyang depression contained several isolated basins , and lake levels of these isolated basins were instable , but on the whole , shore and shallow lake sub - facies is in the majority 北西向断层的活动对沉积起到主要的控制作用，在其控制下，白垩纪济阳坳陷为一相互分割的山间盆地，湖盆范围 时大时小 ，湖水深度不断变化，总体湖水较浅，主要发育滨浅湖亚相。

he once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom but he made a mi他曾经试图把在一个明亮的光在他的卧室里,但他犯了一个mi

在日常的数据库维护和数据库编程中经常会遇到犹豫对大数据量做DML操作后是得ORACLE的undo表空间扩展到十几个G或者几十个G但是这些表空间的所占用磁盘的物理空间又不会被oracle所释放，如果你用的是PC机很可能会遇到磁盘空间不足的问题，经过个人整理经过如下操作可以重构undo表空间，同样temp表空间也可能在你查询大数据或则创建索引的时候无限扩大导致磁盘空间不足，同样可以用如下方式解决此问题：　　--查看各表空间名称　　selectnamefromv$tablespace　　--查看某个表空间信息　　selectfile_name,bytes/1024/1024fromdba_data_fileswheretablespace_namelike"UNDOTBS1";　　--查看回滚段的使用情况，哪个用户正在使用回滚段的资源，如果有用户最好更换时间(特别是生产环境)。　　selects.username,u.namefromv$transactiont,v$rollstatr,v$rollnameu,v$sessions　　wheres.taddr=t.addrandt.xidusn=r.usnandr.usn=u.usnorderbys.username;　　--检查UNDOSegment状态　　selectusn,xacts,rssize/1024/1024/1024,hwmsize/1024/1024/1024,shrinksfromv$rollstatorderbyrssize;　　--创建新的UNDO表空间，并设置自动扩展参数;　　createundotablespaceundotbs2datafile"D:ORACLEPRODUCT10.1.0ORADATAORCLUNDOTBS02.DBF"size10mreuseautoextendonnext100mmaxsizeunlimited;　　--动态更改spfile配置文件;　　altersystemsetundo_tablespace=undotbs2scope=both;　　--等待原UNDO表空间所有UNDOSEGMENTOFFLINE;　　selectusn,xacts,status,rssize/1024/1024/1024,hwmsize/1024/1024/1024,shrinksfromv$rollstatorderbyrssize;　　--再执行看UNDO表空间所有UNDOSEGMENTONLINE;　　selectusn,xacts,status,rssize/1024/1024/1024,hwmsize/1024/1024/1024,shrinksfromv$rollstatorderbyrssize;　　--删除原有的UNDO表空间;　　droptablespaceundotbs1includingcontents;　　--确认删除是否成功;

This ray pattern has made quartersawn wood especially desirable for furniture and decorative panelpng. Later made the alder body and quartersawn maple neck, with ebony fingerboard, too. Thus the quartersawn boards are more dimensionally stable and show less tendency to cup or warp. The pulpit and rood screen are of quartersawn oak; the altar is constructed of marble. Unpke plainsawn lumber that shrinks across the width of the board, quartersawn boards shrink in the thickness. The body is made of alder and is intersected by a neck-thru quartersawn maple neck with ebony fingerboard. An elevator pned with quartersawn oak resembled much of the building"s new interior, which Kimball also designed. In both cases, the timber is quartersawn hearood, aged over 20 years ( bellows are made of leather ). The second advantage of quartersawn wood is the decorative pattern on the board, although this depends on the timber species. The body is made of mahogany and is intersected by a three piece neck-thru quartersawn mahogany neck with ebony fingerboard. It"s difficult to see quartersawn in a sentence. 用 quartersawn 造句挺难的 In acoustic guitars, quartersawn wood is also often used for the sides which must be steam bent to produce pound curves. AWI defines quartersawn lumber as having annual growth ring orientation beeen 60-90 degrees relative to the face of the board. Personally, while admitting that oak, especially when quartersawn , is a handsome wood, I would never use it by choice. There is widespread confusion beeen the terms quartersawn and " riftsawn " with both words defined with opposite meanings and as synonyms. The clock in the Great Hall of the inn is an eight-foot tall, four-foot wide behemoth of quartersawn oak, copper and testosterone. According to another traditional story, the contractor was unable to order new quartersawn oak lumber for the interior panepng and instead acquired and reused panepng from a Chicago mansion being demopshed. In addition to the grain, quartersawn wood ( particularly oak ) will also often display a pattern of medullary rays, seen as subtle wavy ribbon-pke patterns across the straight grain. In high-end string instruments, the neck and fretboards can be made from quartersawn wood since they must remain stable throughout the pfe of the instrument, to keep the tone as invariable as possible. On high-end electric guitars and bass guitars quartersawn wood is often used as the base material for the neck of the guitar, since this makes for a stronger and straighter neck which aids tuning and setup stabipty. Quarter sawing is sometimes confused with the much less mon " rift sawing . " In quartersawn wood, only the center board of the quarter-log is cut with the growth rings truly perpendicular to the surface of the board. In quartersawn material, where the wood is cut into boards with the growth rings roughly perpendicular to the face of the board, the ""medullary rays ""often produce beautiful figure such as silver grain, medullary spots, pith flecks, etc. Its through-body quartersawn maple neck features a bound pound-radius ebony fingerboard ( 12 " to 16 " ) with 24 jumbo frets, mother-of-pearl shark fin position inlays and black-bound headstock with an inlaid mother-of-pearl Jackson logo. In 1901 he changed the name of his firm to the United Crafts, issued a new catalogue written by Syracuse professor Irene Sargent, and began to offer middle class consumers a host of progressive furniture designs in ammonia-fumed quartersawn white oak, as well as other mostly native woods. Quartersawn wood is thus seen as an acceptable promise beeen economical but less-stable flatsawn wood ( which, especially in oak, will often display the distinct " cathedral window " grain ) and the expensively-wasteful rift sawn wood, which has the straightest grain and thus the greatest stabipty. Its through-body, quick-action, quartersawn maple neck features a bound pound-radius ebony fingerboard ( 12 to 16 ) with 24 jumbo frets, mother-of-pearl shark fin position inlays and black-bound headstock with an inlaid mother-of-pearl Jackson logo. Flat sawn wood ( especially oak ) will often display a prominent wavy grain ( sometimes called a cathedral-window pattern ) caused by the saw cutting at a tangent to a growth ring; since in quartersawn wood the saw cuts across the growth rings, the visible grain is much straighter; it is this evenness of the grain that gives quartersawn wood its greater stabipty. Flat sawn wood ( especially oak ) will often display a prominent wavy grain ( sometimes called a cathedral-window pattern ) caused by the saw cutting at a tangent to a growth ring; since in quartersawn wood the saw cuts across the growth rings, the visible grain is much straighter; it is this evenness of the grain that gives quartersawn wood its greater stabipty. The " Artist Series " ""Steve Bailey Jazz Bass VI ""( introduced in 2009 and discontinued in 2011 ) featured a select alder body, a quartersawn maple neck with an asymmetrical profile, a 9.5 to 14 pound-radius o-octave ebony fingerboard, a pair of custom 6-string Jazz Bass pickups, a recessed Stratocaster jackplate, 18-volt active electronics, an onboard mute switch, onboard active 2-band EQ, a heavy-duty fully adjustable Fender locking convertible modular bridge and Bailey s initials on the back of the headstock. It"s difficult to find quartersawn in a sentence. 用 quartersawn 造句挺难的

The relations between China and Japan can trace back to the ancient time. The trade between the two nations is constantly developing despite the differences in developing experiences. At present, China and Japan have become the largest trading partners to each other. With the deepening economic exchange between the two nations, trading is increasingly frequent by day. The trade volume grows up by year, China and Japan become very important trade partners to each other. Along with this situation, the trade is restructured in the context of the growing trade volume owing to the changing economic strength contrast, industry restructure and technological innovation of the two nations. In addition, due to the specific interests and different understanding of the trading situation and trend, frictions between the two nations in the frequent and large-scale trading are unavoidable. Chinau2019s entering WTO provides good opportunity to develop bilateral trade between China and Japan. Japan will give full play of the advantages in capital, technology and management to expand its market in China. To accelerate the bilateral trade is significant for the depressed enterprises of Japan to get rid of the hard timeuff0cand for Japan economy to recover from stopping and shrinking. So far as China is concerned, the increasing investment in China, expanded export in technique and facilities, and the management experiences along will promote the economic developmentuff0cand China will be more adaptable to the new situation after entering WTO.

talk with sb 与某人谈话talk to sb 与某人交谈

talk with sb.表示同辈之间谈话，而talk to sb.则表示长辈与晚辈之间谈话。

LESSON 4 2、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English . （1）Sustained load 长期荷载 （2）Cement gel 水泥凝胶体 （3）Water-cement ratio 水灰比 （4）The stability of the structure结构稳定 （5）The expansion joint 伸缩缝 （6）Moisture content 含水量 （7）Cement paste 水泥浆 （8）The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete 混凝土热膨胀系 （9）Permanent plastic strain 永久塑性应变 （10）The fatigue strength of concrete 混凝土疲劳强度 3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese. (1)The cause of the volume changes in concrete can be attributed to changes in moisture content, chemical reaction of the cement with water, variation in temperature, and applied loads. 混凝土的体积变化的原因可以归结为水分含量,水泥和水的化学反应，温度以及施加荷载的变化。 (2)High-early-strength and low-heat cement show more shrinkage than normal Portland cement. 高早强和低热水泥显示超过普通硅酸盐水泥收缩。 (3)The greater the aggregate content, the smaller is the shrinkage. 骨料含量越大，收缩越小。 (4)Therefore, cracks may develop in concrete when a high percentage of steel is used. 因此，当使用高比例的钢铁时将可能产生混凝土裂缝。 (5)Generally, concrete shrinks at a high rate during the initial period of hardening, but at later stages the rate diminishes gradually. 一般来说，在硬化过程中初期率很高，但在稍后阶段混凝土收缩率逐渐减小。 （6）Under sustained load, plastic deformation continues to develop over a period that may last for years. 持续负荷下，塑性变形继续发展一段时间，可能持续数年。 (7)Creep increases with an increase of stress in specimens made from concrete of the same strength and with the same duration of load. 与标本中增加的压力增大制成的蠕变相同强度混凝土和时间相同的负载 与标本中的压力相同强度的混凝土，并与负荷增加同一时间作出蠕变增加 (8)Creep is reduced with an increase in the humidity of the ambient air 蠕变的减少是由于在周围的空气湿度增加 (9) Creep is decreases with an increase in the size of the tested specimen. 蠕变是一个经过测试的试件尺寸增大而减小. (10)High-temperature steam curing of concrete as well as per use of a plasticizer will reduce the amount of creep. 高温蒸汽作为增塑剂正确使用混凝土养护将减少蠕变量. 5、Translate the following sentence into English. （1）如果通过蒸发失去水分，混凝土就会收缩，但在水中硬化则会膨胀。 If it loses moisture(水份) by evaporation(蒸发),concrete shrinks, but if the concrete hardens in water, it expands. （2）影响混凝土收缩的因素很多，如水泥和水的含量、骨料的级配以及环境条件等。 Many factors influence the shrinkage of concrete such as cement and water content、 gradation(等级) of aggregate and ambient conditions and so on。 （3）混凝土拌合物中的水泥含量越多或含水量越多，收缩量则越大。 The more cement or water content in the concrete mix, the greater the shrinkage.

都是与某人交谈之意，但加的问不同

try to尽力

wash的读音是：英[w??]。wash的读音是：英[w??]。wash的详尽释义是n.(名词)沃什湾（靠英国英格兰东部）洗东西处洗衣店要洗的衣服，洗好的衣服【地】（水流的）冲积物，冲积层，沙滩洗涤剂洗，洗涤，冲洗，沐浴废液，泔水沼泽，泥塘，浅水湾，洼地干河床水的奔流，汹涌，水的撞击，流水的拍打声味淡的液体食品，淡酒，淡饮料【海】排出流薄涂层，涂料。wash过去式:washed；过去分词:washed；现在分词:washing；第三人称单数:washes。一、详尽释义点此查看wash的详细内容n.(名词)沃什湾（靠英国英格兰东部）洗东西处洗衣店要洗的衣服，洗好的衣服【地】（水流的）冲积物，冲积层，沙滩洗涤剂洗，洗涤，冲洗，沐浴废液，泔水沼泽，泥塘，浅水湾，洼地干河床水的奔流，汹涌，水的撞击，流水的拍打声味淡的液体食品，淡酒，淡饮料【海】排出流薄涂层，涂料v.(动词)洗，洗涤，洗去洗刷使湿，使浸透，使湿透（猫等）舔净镀金属薄层于冲洗，弄湿（伤口等）（光）布满，弥漫于漫过，流过，（被浪花等）拍打，冲击冲击，冲成，冲蚀【化】洗涤使打旋洗澡，洗脸，洗手耐洗用作洗涤剂粉刷，涂（漆、颜料）于（常用在疑问和否定句中）经得住考验，论点站得住脚【矿】洗（矿）使人接受，令人相信abbr.(缩略词)华盛顿=washingtonadj.(形容词)耐洗的（证券交易）冲销性的，洗售的二、双解释义v.(动词)vt. & vi. 洗; 洗涤 make clean with water or some other liquidvi. 耐洗,经洗 be able to be washed without spoiling; bear cleaning with liquid without damagevi. & vt. 冲走; 冲击,拍打 carry with water; beat or strike with watern.(名词)[S] 洗; 洗涤 act of cleaning or being cleaned with water[S] 洗的衣物的数量 quantity of clothes, sheets, etc. (to be) washed三、英英释义Noun:a thin coat of water-base paintthe work of cleansing (usually with soap and water)the dry bed of an intermittent stream (as at the bottom of a canyon)the erosive process of washing away soil or gravel by water (as from a roadway);"from the house they watched the washout of their newly seeded lawn by the water"the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propellera watercolor made by applying a series of monochrome washes one over the othergarments or white goods that can be cleaned by launderingany enterprise in which losses and gains cancel out;"at the end of the year the accounting department showed that it was a wash"Verb:clean with some chemical processcleanse (one"s body) with soap and watercleanse with a cleaning agent, such as soap, and water;"Wash the towels, please!"move by or as if by water;"The swollen river washed away the footbridge"be capable of being washed;"Does this material wash?"admit to testing or proof;"This silly excuse won"t wash in traffic court"separate dirt or gravel from (precious minerals)apply a thin coating of paint, metal, etc., toremove by the application of water or other liquid and soap or some other cleaning agent;"he washed the dirt from his coat""The nurse washed away the blood""Can you wash away the spots on the windows?""he managed to wash out the stains"form by erosion;"The river washed a ravine into the mountainside"make moist;"The dew moistened the meadows"wash or flow against;"the waves laved the shore"to cleanse (itself or another animal) by licking;"The cat washes several times a day"四、例句This dress material shrinks in the wash.这种衣料一洗要缩水。We"ll toss a coin to see who does the wash.我们将掷币决定谁来洗衣服。She has a large wash this week.这星期她有大量衣服要洗。Silk clothing should not use washing machines wash.丝绸衣物不宜用洗衣机洗涤。Cheap clothes tend to fall apart when you wash them.便宜衣物洗涤时容易破碎。I must wash my hands before dinner.吃饭前，我必须洗手。Cotton clothes will shrink if you wash them in hot water.如果你用热水洗涤，纯棉衣服会缩小。I am afraid you must wash out this stain.恐怕你必须洗掉这个污渍。五、词汇搭配用作动词 (v.)～+名词wash bottle洗瓶子wash car洗车wash clothes洗衣服wash dish洗盘子wash face洗脸wash hands洗手wash oneself洗澡wash out one"s hope使希望告吹wash out that idea打消那个念头wash out the mouth漱口wash walls with white把墙刷白wash wound洗伤口～+副词wash well耐洗wash admirably大量地洗涤wash adroitly熟练地洗涤wash advantageously有效地洗涤wash aptly恰当地洗涤wash assiduously持之以恒地洗涤wash automatically自动洗涤wash briefly简洁地洗涤wash carelessly粗心地洗涤wash casually漫不经心地洗涤wash cautiously小心地洗涤wash completely彻底洗涤wash conditionally有条件地洗涤wash deliberately从容地洗涤wash delightfully愉快地洗涤wash fastidiously讲究地洗涤wash freely随意地洗涤wash frequently经常洗涤wash futilely徒劳地洗涤wash habitually习惯地洗涤wash immediately立即洗涤wash incessantly不停地洗涤wash laboriously吃力地洗涤wash listlessly无精打采地洗涤wash personally亲自洗涤wash reluctantly不情愿地洗涤wash scrupulously认真地洗涤wash slightly轻微地洗涤wash slowly慢慢地洗涤wash surreptitiously偷偷地洗涤wash thoroughly彻底地洗涤wash unconditionally无条件地洗涤wash unnecessarily不必要地洗涤wash unwillingly勉强洗涤wash usually经常洗涤wash utterly完全洗涤wash willingly欣然洗涤wash away冲垮wash away the river banks冲垮河堤wash off(使)清洗掉wash off stains洗掉污点wash out(使)清洗掉,冲掉或冲垮(桥梁、道路)wash out the ink洗掉墨水wash up用水洗(碟子、锅等),洗脸和手等wash up dishes洗盘子～+介词wash...for替…洗涤wash the dishes for sb替某人洗这些盘子wash in cold water用冷水洗澡wash into冲进wash off洗掉wash...with用…洗wash...with soap用肥皂洗用作名词 (n.)动词+～come out in the wash(某物)洗掉了,(某问题)圆满解决了do a/the wash洗衣服get a wash须洗一洗give sb/sth a wash给…洗一洗have a wash洗衣服need a wash需要洗一洗stand wash耐洗,经洗形容词+～good wash彻底洗,好好洗a large wash一大堆要洗的衣服dirty wash家丑,隐私dry wash洗好晾干而未加熨烫的衣服huge wash很多要洗的衣服mere wash淡得像水一样的(茶,汤)wet wash洗好但尚未干燥和熨烫的衣服名词+～car wash洗汽车distilled water wash蒸馏水洗涤eye wash洗眼用药水hair wash洗发剂mouth wash漱口药水ore wash洗矿石～+名词wash ball香皂wash basin脸盆wash board洗衣板wash bottle洗涤瓶wash bowl脸盆wash cloth浴巾wash drawing淡水画wash house洗衣房wash mill洗涤装置wash pipe冲洗管wash room厕所wash stand脸盆架wash tub洗衣盆介词+～at the wash在洗衣房in the wash正在洗in the wash of the ship在船翻起的波浪中～+介词wash of a river河流的冲积wash of the waves波涛的拍击声六、情景对话PlansB：Do you have any plans?有什么计划吗？A：I"m going to (watch movies/ read a book/wash my bicycle).我打算去（看电影/看本书/清洗我的自行车）。烹饪A：What are you cooking?你正在做什么？washB：I"m making pizza.我在做匹萨。washA：Yummy! Do you have all the ingredients you need?真香啊！需要的全部调料你都有么？B：I"ve got everything, unless you want salami on your pizza.都准备好了，除非你要吃带意大利香肠的匹萨。A：That would be good. I can run to the store and buy some. What other ingredients are you going to put on the pizza?那太好了， 我可以去商店买一些， 你还需要其它调料么？B：Pizza sauce and cheese, of course. And then mushrooms, green peppers, onions, olives, and bacon.当然还有匹萨沙司和乳酪，蘑菇，青椒，洋葱，橄榄核烤肉。A：Did you make the pizza crust or buy it from a store?你是自己做匹萨卷还是从商店买？B：I made it from scratch.我自己做。A：Was it difficult?难么？B：No, I just had to mix some flour, water, and a little yeast. It"s almost ready to come out of the oven.不难，只不过把面粉、水和一些发酵粉。差不多要准备出炉了。wash的翻译A：Do I have time to get the salami?来得及去买意大利香肠么？wash什么意思B：Yes, but be quick. I"ve just got towash the vegetables and cut them into little pieces. And then we can add the tomato sauce and the toppings.是，但要快，我正好洗了蔬菜并切碎，然后我们可以加点番茄沙司和装饰配料。Cooking-(做饭)A：I"d like to help pitch in with? dinner.我想帮忙一起做饭。B：Really? You"re joking.真的吗？你在开玩笑吧。A：No. I"d like to do something special for you on your birthday.没开玩笑。我想在你的生日为你做点儿特别的事情。wash什么意思B：I"d like that. Alright, put on this apron first.好啊，那你先把围裙带上吧。A：OK…Now how can I help, hon??好的…现在，我怎么帮忙，亲爱的？B：Hmm, let me see… Boil some water and then whisk two eggs.嗯，让我看看…烧点水，然后再打两个鸡蛋。A：Easy. I could do that with my eyes closed.（after a while）Done.这容易。我闭着眼睛都能干。（过了一会儿）做好了。B：Not bad. Okay, now take some meat and potatoes from the fridge.也不错嘛，现在你从冰箱里取一些肉和土豆。A：How many potatoes do you need?你需要几个土豆？B：Three. And bring four bell peppers?.三个。再拿四个青椒。A：Gotcha?… OK. Here they are.明白…好了，拿来了。B：Nowwash them, then dice the potatoes and bell peppers. Then slice the meat.现在把它们洗一下，然后把土豆和青椒切成丁儿，然后再把肉切成片。A：Where"s the peeler?削皮刀在哪儿？B：It"s in the cabinet… Adam, the gas cooker doesn"t work.在橱柜里…亚当，煤气灶坏了。A：What? Oh, shit! I cut my finger.什么？哦，该死！我切到手指了。B：Let me take a look at that… I can"t stop the bleeding. We need to go to the hospital.让我看看…我没法给你止血。我们得去医院。A：I guess cooking is not as easy as I thought.我想做饭并不像我想的那么简单。七、词义辨析n.(名词)下面三句的意思不同:She had a wash.她洗了一个澡。She did a wash.她用洗衣机洗了衣服。She did some washing.她洗了洗衣服。wash的相关近义词bath、bathe、clean、shower、bath、bathe、cleaning、flowwash的相关临近词washer、was、Washe、Washi、washy、Washo、Washio、Washim、washup、Washid、washed、washin点此查看更多关于wash的详细信息

　　《敬畏生命》张晓风那是一个夏天的长的不能再长的下午，在印第安那州的一个湖边。我起先是不经意地坐着看书，忽然发现湖边有几棵树。正在飘散一些白色的纤维。大团大团的，象棉花似的，有些飘在草地上，有些飘如湖水里。我当时没有十分注意，只当时偶然风起所带来的。　　可是，渐渐地我发现情况简直令人吃惊。好几个小时过去了，那些树仍旧浑然不觉地在飘送那些小型的云朵，倒好象是一座无限的云库似的。整个下午，整个晚上漫天都是那种东西。第二天的情形完全一样，我感到诧异和震撼。　　其实小学的时候，就知道有一类种子是靠风力吹动纤维播送的。但也只是知道一道测验题的答案而已，那几天真的看到了，满心所感到的是一种折服——一种无以名之的敬畏。我几乎是第一次遇见生命——虽然是植物的。　　我感到那云状的种子在我心底强烈地碰撞上什么东西。我不能不被生命豪华的、奢侈的、不计成本的投资所感动。也许，在不分昼夜的飘散之余，只有一颗种子足以成荫，但造物主乐于做这样惊心动魄的壮举。　　我至今仍然在沉思之际想起那一片柔媚的湖水，不知湖畔那群种子中有哪一颗成了小树。至少，我知道，有一颗已经成长。那颗种子曾遇见了一片土地，在一个过客的心之峡谷里蔚然成阴，教会她怎样敬畏生命

EvolutionMany ancient communities, for instance, took cattle as their standard of value but used more manageable objects as means of payment. Exchange involving the use of money is a great improvement over barter, since it permits elaborate specialization and provides generalized purchasing power that the participants in the exchange may use in the future. The growth of monetary institutions has largely paralleled that of trade and industry; today almost all economic activity is concerned with the making and spending of money incomes.From the earliest times precious metals have had wide monetary use, owing to convenience of handling, durability, divisibility, and the high intrinsic value commonly attached to them. Whether an article is to be regarded as money does not, however, depend on its value as a commodity, except where intrinsic worth is necessary to make it generally acceptable in exchange; the relation between the face value of an object used as money and its commodity value has actually become increasingly remote (see coin). Paper currency first appeared about 300 years ago; it was usually backed by some “standard” commodity of intrinsic value into which it could be freely converted on demand, but even during the early development of currency, issuance of inconvertible paper money, also called fiat money, was not infrequent (see, for example, Law, John). The world"s first durable plastic currency was introduced by Australia in a special issue in 1988 and in a regular issue in 1992. Plastic bills are more resistant to counterfeiting than paper, and a number of countries now issue some plastic currency.The importance of money has been variously interpreted. While the advocates of mercantilism tended to identify money with wealth, the classical economists, e.g., John Stuart Mill, usually considered money as a veil obscuring real economic phenomena. Since the mid-20th cent., a group known as the monetarists has given increasing attention to the role of money in determining national income and economic fluctuations.

Based on what is known, scientists have drawn up a list of the three most likely ultimate fates. 根据已知的信息，科学家列出了三种最有可能发生的终极命运。 Despite the "hot" in the name, the ending is actually dark and cold. 虽然名字里带着“热”，但这个结局其实又黑又冷。 It is based on the second law of thermodynamics: the law of entropy. Entropy is the amount of chaos in a system. Isolated systems tend to go from order to chaos until they reach their most chaotic equilibrium. 它的理论基础是热力学第二定律：熵增定律。熵，指的是系统的混乱程度。孤立系统总是趋向于从有序变得混乱，直到达到最混乱的平衡状态。 Entropy increase is actually pretty easy to understand. Like a glass of water, let"s put some red ink in it. At first, the entropy of this cup of liquid is a little bit smaller, a little bit more ordered, because some of it is red, some of it is transparent; Then, the red ink will spread out automatically until the whole cup of liquid becomes uniform, which is the process of entropy increase. 熵增其实很好理解。比如一杯水，让我们朝里面滴一些红墨水。刚开始，这杯液体的熵还比较小，比较有秩序，因为有的地方很红、有的地方很透明；接下来，红墨水会自动扩散开来，直到整杯液体变得均匀为止，这就是熵增过程。 As is the universe. Although the universe is now have various celestial bodies such as stars, planets, and comets. But after a long time, as the universe expands, the celestial bodies will move away from each other, and the stars will gradually run out of fuel and stop glowing. In the following darkness, matter will slowly decay. In the end, even the seemingly indestructible black hole will evaporate and disappear. The temperature of the entire universe is close to 0 K,there is no longer any available energy or heat, and there is no longer any mechanical movement. The universe is immersed in eternal death. 宇宙也是这样的。虽然现在的宇宙拥有恒星、行星、彗星等各种各样的天体；但在很久很久以后，随着宇宙的不断膨胀，天体之间会彼此远离，恒星会逐渐耗尽燃料、停止发光。在接下来的黑暗中，物质会慢慢衰变。到最后，就连看起来坚不可摧的黑洞都会蒸发消失。整个宇宙的温度接近绝对零度，不再有可利用的能源或热量，也不再有任何机械运动。宇宙陷入了永恒的死寂。 First of all, let"s imagine that if we throw a ball into the sky, during the rise of the ball, due to the gravity of the earth, it will surely slow down slowly and eventually fall back to the ground. 首先让我们想象一下，如果朝天空扔一个小球，在小球的上升过程中，由于地球的引力作用，它肯定会慢慢减速，最后掉回到地上。 For a long time, the scientific community believed that the expansion of the universe followed the same principle -- that the expansion of the universe must be slower and slower because of the gravitational action between celestial bodies. 在很长一段时间里，科学界一直认为，宇宙的膨胀也遵循着同样的原理——由于天体间的引力作用，宇宙的膨胀速度肯定是越来越慢。 But in 1998, scientists were surprised to discover that instead of slowing down, the universe was accelerating. This means that in addition to the gravitational pull that pulls them back, there must be some repulsive force driving them away from each other. Scientists have named the source of this mysterious repulsive force "dark energy." 但1998年，科学家惊讶地发现，宇宙不但没有减速，反而正在加速膨胀。这就意味着，除了把天体往回拉的引力之外，肯定还存在着某种排斥力，在驱使着天体彼此远离。科学家把这种神秘排斥力的源头命名为“暗能量”。 According to mathematical models, dark energy could eventually defeat all other forces and accelerate the expansion of the universe indefinitely until a "big rip" occurs in 22 billion years. 根据数学模型，暗能量最终有可能打败一切其它力量，使得宇宙无限制加速膨胀下去，直到220亿年后发生一场“大撕裂”。 First the collapse of the galaxy, then the collapse of the planetary system, followed by the explosion of stars and planets, and finally the collapse of atoms and nuclei in an instant. Thus the universe came to an end in an accelerating frenzy. 首先是星系的瓦解，然后是行星系统的崩溃，紧接着恒星、行星通通爆炸，最后连原子和原子核都会在一瞬间分崩离析。就这样，宇宙在加速的狂暴中迎来大结局。 If gravity wins the battle between gravity and repulsive forces, the expansion of the universe could slow down until it stops, and then start shrinking back, like the big bang upside down. This condition is known as "big collapse." 如果在引力和斥力的争夺战中，最终获胜的是引力，那么宇宙的膨胀就有可能减速、直到停止，最后开始往回收缩，收缩过程就像是倒过来的宇宙大爆炸一样。这种情况被称为“大坍缩”。 And when the universe shrinks back to a singularity, there may be a new big bang. Our universe may have been in this perpetual cycle. This cyclical hypothesis is known as the "great bounce". 而当宇宙收缩回一个奇点之后，或许又会迎来一场新的大爆炸。我们的宇宙也许一直处在这种周而复始的循环中。这种循环假说被称为“大反弹”。

试图 [词典] attempt; try; study; [例句]当我试图和一个孩子说话时，他避开了我。One child shrinks away from me when I try to talk to him

可以自己先用中文打好底稿，然后用百度翻译器翻译过来照抄，这应该不会是作业吧……

try to do sth 中try是谓语动词。意思是尽力做某事。谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词，主要由实意动词充当。另外，be动词和某些动词短语也可以是谓语动词。助动词，情态动词不能单独作谓语，只能协助主要动词一起构成谓语动词，因此不在谓语动词的范畴。例句：try to do sth1、One child shrinks away from me when I try to talk to him. 当我试图和一个孩子说话时，他避开了我。2、A mistake is a mistake. Don"t try to explain it away. 错了就错了，不要辩解。3、My message is "If you try to smuggle drugs you are stupid.我的意思是“你要是企图走私毒品，你就是一个笨蛋”。4、Don"t try to deceive me. 你别诳我。5、We must try to live in peace and harmony with ourselves and those around us.我们必须努力和我们自己及周围的人和睦相处。6、We will try to reform him within the community. 我们将尽力在社区内部对他进行改造。

theory的读音：英读音[u02c8θu026au0259ri]、美读音[u02c8θiu02d0u0259ri]。Theory，英文单词，主要用作名词，意思是“理论；原理；学说；推测”。短语搭配如下：information theory[数][图情]信息论；信息理论；情报理论。expectancy theory期望理论；期望值理论；期望uf9e4uf941；期待理论。prospect theory展望理论；前景理论；预期理论；期望理论。双语例句如下：1、By studying the way people behave，we can theorize about what is going on in their mind.通过研究人的行为方式，我们可以推断出他们内心的想法。2、They"re prostrate on the burning lake of this miserable new realm called hell，yet nonetheless Satan begins to analyze and theorize his situation.他们匍匐在这个被称为地狱的悲惨的新领域的燃烧的湖上，尽管如此撒旦还是开始分析、理论化他的处境。3、Astronomers theorize that a black hole forms when a massive object shrinks catastrophically under its own gravity，leaving only a gravitational field so strong that nothing escapes it.天文学家的理论是，当一个巨大的物体在其自身的引力作用下灾难性地收缩，只留下一个强大的引力场，且没有任何东西能逃脱时，黑洞就形成了。

speak+语言，如speak chinese,speak english......

Health careA new prescription for the poor为贫穷者新开的处方America is developing a two-tier health system, one for those with private insurance, the other for the less well-off美国正在发展一个双重的健康系统，一重是为那些有个人保险的人群，而另一重则是为那些不那么富裕的人群Oct 8th 2011 | NEW YORK | from the print edition“IT"S time for Dancing with the Stars!”, a woman announces enthusiastically. At this New York health centre, wedged between housing projects to the east and Chinatown to the west, “dancing with the stars” means dancing with a physical therapist. An old man stands up with a nurse and begins a determined samba.“是时候和明星一起跳舞了！”一位女士满怀热情地宣告。在这个坐落于房屋工程的西面，唐人街东面的纽约健康中心，“和明星起舞”的意思是和一位物理治疗师跳舞。一位老者和一个护士站起来，开始跳事先确定好的桑巴舞。Comprehensive Care Management (CCM), which runs this centre, tries to keep old people active. To do so, explains Joseph Healy, the chief operating officer, is in the company"s best interest. The government pays CCM a capped rate for the care of its members. If someone gets sick, his health costs rise and the company"s margin shrinks. Mr Healy argues that the system is the best way to provide good care at a low cost. Increasingly others seem to agree.经营这个中心的综合护理管理部门（CCM）努力保持老人们的活力。约瑟夫-海莉，首席运营官解释说，这样做符合公司的最佳利益。政府给这个部门一个封顶的津贴来让他们照顾这些人。如果有人生病了，他的健康成本就会上升，公司的利润就会萎缩。海莉先生确定说这个系统能够在一个低成本上提供最佳的护理。其他人也逐渐同意这个观点。Medicaid, America"s health programme for the poor, is in the process of being transformed. Over the next three years, New York will move its entire Medicaid population into “managed care”, paying companies a set rate to tend to the poor, rather than paying a fee for each service. New York is not alone. States from California to Mississippi are expanding managed care. It is the culmination of a steady shift in the way most poor Americans receive their health-care treatment.公共医疗补助，即美国的穷人健康计划，正在被改造的过程中。在接下来的 三年内，纽约将把整个接受穷人健康计划的人群纳入“管理关怀”之中，付给公司们一个事先定好的费用来照顾那些穷人，而不是按照项目来付费。纽约不是唯一这样做的州。加州，密西西比州正在拓展管理关怀计划。这代表一种正在进行中的稳步转变，即大部分贫穷美国人接受健康关怀方式的转变。Medicaid is America"s single biggest health programme. This year roughly one in five Americans will be covered by Medicaid for a month or more. It gobbles more federal and local money than any state programme, other than education. Costs will rise even more when Barack Obama"s health-care reform expands the programme by easing eligibility rules in 2014. Congress"s “supercommittee” is already considering cuts. However, there are more immediate pressures behind the present drive for change.公共医疗补助是美国最大的单一健康计划。今年，五个美国人中的一个就会被纳入该计划一个月或更长时间。除了教育之外，它比其他任何州的财政计划耗去更多联邦和地方的经费。当2014年奥巴马的健康保险改革放宽适用人群而使整个计划更加庞大的时候，成本将会进一步上升。众议院的“超级委员会”已经在考虑削减经费。然而，选择这种变化，将会有更多即刻的压力存在。Enrolment in Medicaid jumped during the downturn, from 42.7m in December 2007 to 50.3m in June 2010. Mr Obama"s stimulus bill helped to pay for some of this, but that money has dried up. Faced with gaping deficits, some desperate governors slashed payments to hospitals and doctors, or refused to pay for trips to the dentist or oculist. But much the most important result has been structural: the expansion of managed care.公共医疗补助计划的参与人数在经济滑坡期间从2007年12月的 4270万人跳到了2010年6月的5030万人。奥巴马先生的经济刺激经费能够帮助付掉其中的一部分，但是钱已经被用光。面对资金短缺，一些绝望的州长砍掉了给医院和医生的补助，或是拒绝支付牙医和眼科医生的旅行费用。但是，更多地，最重要的结果是结构上的：管理关怀的拓展。States have dabbled in managed care for decades. The trend accelerated in the 1990s, with the share of Medicaid patients under this form of care reaching 72% by 2009. Now, however, there is a strong push for the remainder. States that did not have managed care, such as Louisiana, are introducing it. Other states are extending it to people previously deemed off limits: California and New York, for example, are moving the elderly and disabled into that system of care. Texas is targeting more than 400,000 Medicaid beneficiaries in the Rio Grande Valley. Local politicians had resisted the move, nervous that care might deteriorate. But the yawning deficit meant that they were overruled.各个州涉足管理关怀已经有几十年的历史了。这个趋势在90年代得到加速发展，在2009年前使用这种护理方式的公共医疗补助病人占到了72%。现在，对于剩下的人，这也是很强的推动力。像路易斯安那州这样没有管理关怀的州正在引进管理关怀。其他州也把这个拓展到原先被认为不适用的人群：举例说像加州和纽约州，正在把老人和残障人士纳入这个系统中，德州的目标是在格兰德河谷超过400000公共医疗补助收益人群。地方政治家反对这个举动，他们担心这个护理系统将会变质。但是巨大的赤字意味着他们的观点注定要被批驳。The result is a country with two distinct tiers of health care. Most Americans with private insurance are still horrified by thoughts of health-management organisations and prefer to pay fees for each medical service. For the poor, managed care is becoming the norm.结果就是一个国家有两套截然不同的健康保险系统。大多数有个人保险的美国人仍旧害怕那些健康管理组织的想法而宁愿为单独的医疗服务付费。对于穷人来说，管理关怀已经成为一种常规。Advocates of managed care have high expectations. First, they hope that it will make costs more predictable. Second, they believe that the change will improve patients" health. In managed care, a patient has a network of doctors and specialists. If the programme works properly, doctors can monitor all aspects of care, in contrast to the fragmented fee-for-service system. The contracts that states have with firms can set standards for quality. Texas, for instance, will cut 5% from a company"s payment if it does not meet what is required.管理关怀的鼓吹者有着很高的期待。首先，他们希望这能让成本变得可以预测，其次，他们相信，这个改变可以改善病人的健康。在管理关怀中，一个病人有一个由医生和专家组成的网络。如果这个计划运行良好，医生可以监测关怀的各个方面，相对于分离的的按服务付钱的系统来说。州政府和公司的合同可以为质量定下标准。德州，举例说，将会在付款中扣除5%如果公司没有达到要求的标准。The next step is to integrate care for those eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare, the federal programme for the old. These “duals” account for almost 40% of Medicaid"s costs and just 15% of its population. “If managed care can really deliver better care than fee-for-service”, says Diane Rowland, chair of the commission that advises Congress on Medicaid, “this is the population that could prove it.”下一步是整合那些同时符合公共医疗补助和长者医疗补助计划（联邦老人医疗补助）的人群。这些“双符合”人群占据了将近40%的公共医疗补助成本和仅仅15%的人口数量。“如果管理关怀能真正比按项目付费带来更好的服务”，戴安-罗兰德，委员会（指导国会在公共医疗补助政策上进行决策）主任说：“这是一群能证明管理关怀可行的人。”But some, such as Norma Vescovo, are sceptical. As the head of the non-profit Independent Living Centre of Southern California (ILCSC), Ms Vescovo serves Medicaid patients with severe health problems. Over the years she has often sued California on policies that she thinks will hurt her vulnerable clients. On October 3rd her case moved to the Supreme Court.但是一些人，例如像诺玛-凡斯科夫就对此表示怀疑。作为非盈利的南加州独立生活中心主任，凡斯科夫女士服务于那些有严重健康问题的接受公共医疗补助的病人。在这些年间，她经常控告加州政府在一些政策上会伤害她的一些脆弱的客户。在10月3日，她的案子被移到了上诉法院。The outcome of Douglas v Independent Living Centre will have profound implications for the future of Medicaid. Ms Vescovo"s suit concerns cuts to hospitals and doctors. But the case will also guide the course of managed care. If ILCSC and its co-plaintiffs win, private groups will continue to be able to challenge states on policies they think violate federal Medicaid law. Ms Vescovo, who argues that California"s payment cuts would eviscerate her clients" access to services, worries that under managed care the disabled might not be able to see the specialists they need.道格拉斯 v 独立生活中心的结果将会对公共医疗补助有深远的意义。凡斯科夫女士的诉讼影响到医院和医生的津贴削减。但是这个案子将会引领管理关怀的进程。如果中心和其他原告胜诉，私人团体将会继续在那些他们认为违反联邦法律的政策上挑战州政府。凡斯科夫女士认为说加州的支付削减计划会让她的客户失去得到服务的机会，她还担心，在管理关怀之下，那些残障人士可能不能见到那些他们需要的专家。The question is how to supervise the experiments with managed care that are being carried out in various states. To date, Medicaid beneficiaries have been able to challenge the states in court. However, if the Supreme Court rules against ILCSC, that avenue will be closed. The Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) technically can intervene if states do not provide proper access to care. In reality, CMS has few tools to do so.问题是怎么监管在不同州试运行的管理关怀。到目前为止，公共医疗补助受益者已经能够在法庭中挑战政府。然而，如果上诉法庭结果不利于中心，那么这条路将会被关闭。如果州政府没有提供合适的关怀的话，公共医疗补助和长者医疗关怀中心理论上是能对此进行干涉，但事实上，他们没有太多办法。“I"m a big fan of managed care”, says Sara Rosenbaum, a professor at George Washington University, “but this transformation may happen with almost no federal oversight.” Medicaid beneficiaries are vulnerable, in worse health than Americans as a whole. Companies may struggle to cut costs and provide good care as well. If states do not draft their contracts properly, or fail to be vigilant in monitoring patients" health, their experiment in managed care could be a disaster. On the other hand, if states are careful they could provide an answer to the question that has vexed America for years: how to provide good, cheap health care.“我是管理关怀的拥护者”，萨拉-罗森博姆，一位乔治华盛顿大学教授说，“但是这种转变可能在没有联邦监管的情况下发生。”公共医疗补助的受益者和你脆弱，健康程度整体上比一般美国人要差。公司可能在削减成本的同时挣扎着同样提供良好的服务。如果州政府们不好好起草他们的合同，或没有警觉地监控病人的健康的话，他们在管理关怀上的实验可能会是一场灾难。另一方面，如果州政府们认真的话，他们能为那个困扰美国人多年的问题提供答案，即怎么提供优质的便宜的健康关怀。