帝能组什么词

二者虽然十分接近，但还是有区别的：autocratic-侧重的是“一人独大”的局面。小到一个人，一个家庭（还没有『政』|『府』层面的组织关系），大到整个country，都是一个人说了算，而且是一切事务的推手。虽然很‘du"，但影响面可能反而因此受到了制约。--所以被认为‘sin"少些。dictatorial则总是和非常负面的联系在一起的，因为它不是只有一个人，而是一个群体，群体中的首领是dictator，这种关系就是dictatorship。因此它所引起的破坏性会巨大，因此被认为是evil的。

crat是词根，表示统治，权利cratic是它的形容词变体，cracy是它的名词变体，另外auto是自己，自我的词根，demo是民众的词根

Autocracy is a system of governance headed by a single ruler called an autocrat. A dictatorship is a form of autocracy where power and authority are wielded by either one person or a group of people. Earlier forms of autocratic regimes (e.g. early Roman empire) are sometimes regarded as favorable, while dictatorships are always viewed as tyrannical and oppressive. Autocrats often lacked a cult of personality which dictators often flaunted to keep themselves in power.简单来说，dictatorship既可指权力掌握在一人手中，也可指权力掌握在一群人手中并且dictatorship还有一层蕴意，经常会与种族灭绝、压制、暴政联系

Qin Shi Huangdi (259 BC u2013 210 BC), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 BC to 221 BC during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC. He ruled until his death in 210 BC at the age of 50.Qin Shi Huang remains a controversial figure in Chinese history. After unifying China, he and his chief advisor Li Si passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He undertook gigantic projects, including the first version of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system, all at the expense of numerous lives. To ensure stability, Qin Shi Huang outlawed and burned many books. Despite the tyranny of his autocratic rule, Qin Shi Huang is regarded as a pivotal figure.

1. Leadership style2. Laissez-faire leadership style3. Democratic leadership style4. Autocratic leadership style5. Incentive6. Coordination7. The whole process8. Comprehensive9. Inherent characteristics of the extent it meets the requirements10. Interpersonal relations

一分都不给啊？。。。

英音：[`pY：GEu]；美音：[`pY：GEu]名词法国标致（法国汽车公司，世界十大汽车公司之一，法国最大的汽车集团公司，以生产汽车为主，兼营机械加工、运输、金融和服务业）PeugeotisnotaloneineastEuropeinsearchofskilledworkersatlowerwages.在东欧，标致并不是唯一一家寻求低工资水平技术工人的企业。ItiswidelybelievedthatthePeugeotfamilytiredofMr.Streiff"sautocraticwaysandpenchantforconfrontation.人们普遍认为，标致家族厌倦了斯特雷夫先生专横的处事方式以及对抗倾向。Peugeot，MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams.标致、米其林和松下都是跨国公司，它们希望通过投资于团队的数百万美元获得全球回报。

The revolution led by Dr Sun Yat-sen which overthrew the Qing Dynasty . The revolution of 1911 and the First attempt to Realize Political Modernization of China . We will remember the Revolution of 1911 forever . The revolution is Bourgeois-democratic revolution . u200bThe 1911 Revolution has overthrown more than 2000 year feudal absolute monarchy system . It was a great revolutionary movement .希望对你的学习有帮助，不懂的可以追问。O(∩_∩)O~

The 2000 year"sfeudal autocratic monarchy of China was overthrown by the Revolution of 1911

具体的例证英文Specific examples。例句:1.By citing specific examples, the orator drove home his points。通过引用具体事例，演说家讲透了他的观点。2.To get hold of the applicable law in social life and the measures implemented by the autocratic state through the analysis of the specific examples。通过具体事例分析，了解该法律在社会生活中的适用问题，以及专制国家所采取的种种措施。3.I"ll start with some generalities and then examine a few specific examples。我首先进行概述，然后会分析几个实例。4.The report listed some specific examples such as in the seventh episode of the English cartoon Peppa Pig, characters ride on a giant pumpkin that is being airlifted by a helicopter, which the committee considers dangerous as it may mislead children into thinking it is safe to climb high places。报告列举了一些具体的例子，例如，在英国卡通片《小猪佩奇》的第七集中，动画角色骑在一个直升机吊着的大南瓜上，委员会认为这一镜头属于危险动作，可能误导孩子认为攀爬高处是很安全的。5.Analysis is presented with specific examples and provided for reference in design。本文结合具体实例加以分析，供设计参考。

一个人穿得很时髦，你可以说fashion。现在大家都用智能手机，都刷微博，这叫trend。这里fashion是“方式，方法”的意思，虽然纳瓦兹·谢里夫用高度独裁的方式统治，但还是以压倒多数当选。

and Confucius monarchy, aimless unlimited, easy to play in a crude despotism lacking popular support sincerely hope; (2) Confucius lecture points not problems, easy to play into in thought and autocratic; (3) less absolute claim of Confucius, easy a excuse; (4) Confucius single heavy rank, not heavy for food, easy to people"s thief cage of translation

　　Theemergence of computer brings great changes to modernpeople" life, only move fingers, we could understand the latest information ofthe world. Computer could deal with a lot of things for us, such as financialmanagement, office work, making friends. However, with the widespread use of much communicationsoftware like micro blog, QQ, some people think computer reduces the chance forpeople to communicate face-to-face, and makes people feel lonely. For the opinion,I disagree. 　　电脑的出现对现代人的生活带来极大的改变，我们只要动动手指头，就能了解全球最新的信息，我们可以用电脑处理很多事，如理财，办公，交友。然而随着微博，QQ等交流软件的普遍运用，很多人认为电脑减少人与人面对面的交流机会，让人越来越孤独。对于这个观点我并不同意。 　　Firstof all, a lot of people are addicted to the computer;they like to watch TV, play online games instead of going out with friends. Formany young people, after school or work, the first thing they are going to dois open computer. Virtual world brings greater emptiness, so the more people obsessionwith computers the more loneness they will feel. However, the development ofscience and technology is a two-edged weapon, which inevitably has advantageand disadvantage. Computer just is a communication tool. It can"t be used as anexcuse of making people lonely. It provides us more opportunity to get in touchwith people from all walks of society, as long as open a computer, people can chatwith others. But if a person doesn"t want to get along with others, even if he communicateswith others face to face, he will never eliminate loneliness. 　　首先，很多人沉迷于电脑，他们喜欢上网看电视剧，玩游戏胜过出门与朋友见面。对很多年轻人而言，放学或下班后的第一件事就是打开电脑。虚拟世界往往给人们带来更大的空虚感，所以人们对电脑越痴迷，就会觉得越孤单。然而科技发展是一把双刃刀，有好处也有坏处，电脑只是一个交流工具，它不能成为使人孤独的借口。电脑为我们提供来自不同阶层的人交流的机会，只要打开电脑，就可以交流。但若一个人根本不想与别人相处，即使他跟别人面对面交流，孤独感也不会消除。 　　To sum up, the reason why people feel lonely is mixtureof many causes, if there is no computer and network, we actually feel even moreisolated. 　　总而言之，人们的孤独感是有各种各样的原因共同造成的，如果现在没有电脑和网络，我们反而感到更加孤立。 　　是否支持大学生恋爱 Should We Approve of Dating in University? 　　Now it is commonly held that dating inuniversity is acceptable, which has become a hot point under discussion. Somepeople hold the opinion that students should put their study in the first place. Besides, fall in love with someone could causes extra spending, which is aburden for students and their parents. While others argue that dating could begood for students. 　　现在人们普遍认为大学恋爱是可以接受的，这个现在已经成为人们谈论的焦点了。有些人认为学生应该把他们的学业放在第一位，除此之外，谈恋爱会造成额外的费用，这会成为学生和家长的负担。然而有些人认为谈恋爱是对学生有好处的。 　　Forone thing, dating could help student learn how to be more socialize. Now thephenomenon is not rare to see that students only show up in classroom,dormitory and refectory, this triangle model makes students have less chance tomake now friends that will probably lead to social apathy. For that reason, weshould approve of dating in university, so that students could have more motivepower to go out to find someone who is fit in them. Obviously, the ability ofsocialize will be promoted by osmosis. 　　第一，约会能让学生学会如何社交。现在学生只出现在教室，宿舍和食堂的情况并不少见，这种三角模式让学生少有机会结识新朋友，这很可能会导致社交冷淡。介于这个原因，我们应该赞成大学恋爱，这样学生就会有更多动力出去寻找合适他们的伴侣。很明显，这能潜移默化地增强他们的社交能力。 　　Foranother, there is an old saying which goes that men and women with the work andnot tired. It is true that when a couple work or study together, they will feelless exhausted, because we always want to show our best side to the one welove. Besides, student couple study together is more efficient, for they havethe same target and they will encouraged each other. 　　第二，有句老话说：男女搭配干活不累。这是真的，当伴侣在一起工作或者学习，他们不会那么容易觉得疲惫，因为我们总是想把最好的一面展现给心爱的人。除此之外，学生情侣一起学习更有效率，因为他们有共同的目标，还有他们会相互鼓励对方。 　　Taking all these factors into account, we should approve of dating inuniversity. It could make college life more vividly, enrich student"s lifestyle and help them to be more socializing. 　　考虑到这些因素，我们应当赞成大学恋爱。这能让大学生活更生机勃勃，丰富学生的生活方式，帮助他们更社交化。 　　做好事是否应该得到回报 Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? 　　Nowadays, there has been a hot debate inthe public over the issue whether one expect a reward after doing a good deed.Some think it"s human nature to want return if he gives, but other against thathelp others out of trouble is the basic personal quality, should not be relatewith money. For me, I agree the last one. 　　如今，做好事是否应该得到回报已成为大众讨论的热点之一，一些人认为有“付出就应该得到回报”的想法是人类的天性，但是另一些人反对称帮助别人是个人基本素质，不应该与钱扯上关系。对我而言，我同意最后的观点。 　　First, Good deed is the traditional virtuesof the China, which has spread far and wide for thousands years, if everyonehold the idea of “No reward No help”, the spirit of Lei Feng would bedisappear. 　　首先，助人为乐是中国流传几千年的传统美德，如果每个人都持“没有好处，不会帮忙”的想法，那雷锋精神将会消失。 　　Second,good deed belongs to voluntary work; personal interests should not be thepurpose of helping others. The actions should be done with our true heart, whenit comes to without getting paid, people would not consider unbalance in mind. 　　第二，助人为乐应该是自发的行为，帮助他人的目的不应是获取个人利益。当人们真心实意帮助别人，即使真的没有回报，心里也不会觉得不平衡。 　　Third, there is old saying goes,” One goodreturn deserves another,” which indicates that helping others sincerely aresupposed to result from unexpected rewards, such as the respect from others ora sense of achievement. 　　第三，俗话说好人有好报，这句话就是告诉人们真心助人可能会获得意想不到的"收获，如其他人的尊重或者是成就感。 　　Tosum up, No matterdoing good deeds should get returns ornot, the most important thing is when others being in trouble, we should tohelp them without hesitate. 　　总而言之，不管是做好事有回报，或没有，最重要的是当被人陷入困境的时候，应该第一时间毫无犹豫的帮助他人。 　　如何判断是否是称职的管理者How to Judge You are a Competent Manager 　　How tojudge you are a competent manager? Is your management way being accepted byyour subordinate? These two questions can get the answers from your employee"sperformance. There are eight kinds of employee performance can show thereference. 　　如何判断你是一个称职的管理者呢？管理风格是否为员工所认可？回答这两个问题可以从你的员工的表现那里得到答案，有八种迹象可供参考。 　　The first one, although youare not in office, your subordinates know to do what you expect. That means youhave your subordinates understood your expecting to them, and give them enoughauthority to do what you think is right. 　　第一，即使你不在办公室，你的员工也知道你期望他们做什么。这意味着你已经让每个人明白了你对他们的期望，并且赋予了他们充分的自由去做自己认为正确的事情。 　　The second one, when return tooffice, your subordinate will tell you what they have done, why they did that,and what the result. That means they believe themselves, and believe you alsothink they did the right thing. 　　第二，当你回到办公室，你的员工会主动告诉你他们做了什么，为什么那样做，出现了什么样的结果。这意味着他们对自己做的事情相当自信，并且相信你也认为他们做对了。 　　The third one, when you have aregular meeting, your subordinates feel relax and say what they think. If thereare few subordinates positive to say, that means you may be too autocratic attimes. 　　第三，在你召开例行会议时，你的员工个个都很放松，并且能够畅所欲言。如果开口的人寥寥无几，意味着你平时可能太过专制。 　　The fourth one, for allhappened in the company, few subordinates spread or guess. That means you makea good communication. 　　第四，对于公司里发生的一切，鲜有人传播小道消息或无端猜测。这意味你的沟通工作做得相当不错。 　　The fifth one, yoursubordinates use the same way to face the customers. That means you have makeproper standard in this area, also means they clearly know what the company"starget, and know what they should do. 　　第五，你的员工对待客户的方式与你对待客户的方式一样。这意味着你已经在这方面给员工确立了一个适当的标准，也意味着他们非常清楚公司的目标，知道自己应该做什么。 　　The sixth, your subordinatescan respect and cooperation well each other. Usually, employees complicit moreoften, that is because the leaders endure someone"s not good performance. Butwhen they cooperate well, that means the manager is a fair and effectiveleader. 　　第六，你的员工能够彼此尊重，合作无间。通常，员工之间冲突不断，是因为领导容忍某些人的不良表现。当他们之间合作无间，往往意味着你是一个公平、得力的领导者。 　　The seventh one, when yoursubordinates get your negative feedback, they will not be angry or be shocked.That means your subordinates recognize your view, also means you can wellcontrol the skill that not hurt their self-respect, and has the negativefeedback skills. 　　第七，在收到你的负面反馈后，你的员工不会生气或觉得震惊。这意味着员工认可你的看法，也意味着你很好地掌握了在不伤害他们自尊的情况下，提供负面反馈的技巧。 　　At last, when happenspersonnel deficit, your subordinates will positive recommend candidates. If thecompany has the low rate of staff turnover, that means they are happy to goalong with you, and work together with you. 　　最后，当出现人手不足的情况时，你的员工会主动推荐好的候选人，公司的员工流失率低。这意昧着他们乐意追随你，乐意与你一起工作。 　　电脑让人们变得更孤独吗？（一）Do computers Make People Lonelier? 　　Step into the newcentury, computers have already become an indispensable part of our dailylives. We do not only use the computers to do business, but also entertainment.While the computers bring us lots of convenient, some people argue that it makepeople lonelier and decrease our social skills. Due to the Internet, we don"tneed to go outside to communicate with others face to face. And I do think thatcomputers make people lonelier to some extend for the following reasons. 　　进入新世纪，电脑早已成为人们生活不可缺的一部分。我们不仅仅用电脑来办公，也用它来娱乐自己。有些人说，电脑在给我们提供便利的同时，也让我们的交际能力下降，变得更加孤独。我认为电脑确实在某种程度上让我们变得更加孤独了，原因如下： 　　First, computershave too many functions that people can easily get indulging in the computersgames, especially teenagers. Playing computer games, they don"t hand out withpeers any more. In the second place, many people cannot live without computers.To some of them, if they don"t surf the Internet for one day, don"t check theirpersonal blog, or their weibo, they will feel really uncomfortable. Somepeople even become net-potato. It is fine for them not to speak with others allday long, but they can"t help surfing the Internet. Such phenomenon isubiquitous; people rather lock themselves up with computers than going outsideto find someone who can talk with. As to these people, computer is their bestfriend. 　　首先，电脑有太多的功能，人们很容易沉迷于电脑游戏，特别是青少年。因为玩电脑游戏，他们就不出门和小伙伴玩了。其二，很多人不能没有电脑。对于某些人来说，一天不上网，不看看博客，不更新个人微博，他们就会感觉不舒服。更有甚者变成了“网络马铃薯”。对于他们来说，一天不和其他人说话都相安无事，但是不能不上网。这种现象很普遍：人们愿意把自己和电脑关在一起，也不愿意出门找个人谈谈心。对于他们来说，电脑就是最好的朋友。 　　There is nodenying that computers do provide us with numerous convenient. But we do becomeless active when we spend too much time on the Internet. We should change thissituation, go outside with our friends, and communicate with them, face toface. 　　我们不能否认电脑确实提供给我们很多的便利。但是我们确实在电脑上花了太多的时间了，也变得更懒了。我们应该改变这一现状，和我们的朋友一起出去走走，面对面的沟通交流。 　　小孩是否应该在年幼时学习英语？Should Children Learn English in a Young Age? 　　With the increasing of social competition, peoplepay more and more attention on the young generation. Especially their parentswill take every means to help their children get prepared for adapting thesociety. Thus, learning English in a very young age becomes very common amonglittle children. Some people agree with it, but some hold the opposite view. Inmy opinion, parents should not force their children to study English in a veryyoung age. 　　随着社会竞争的增加，人们越来越重视年轻一代。特别是他们的父母会竭尽全力去帮助他们的孩子做好适应社会的准备。因此，在年幼时学习英语在小孩子中变得很普遍。有些人同意这个观点，有些人则反对。在我看来，父母不应该强迫他们的孩子在比较小的时候就开始学习英语。 　　To begin with, children in a young ageshould live happily, instead of gaining burden. Childhood plays a veryimportant role in one"s whole life, because it takes up a part in his innermind. A child having a happy childhood may be a sunshine boy, when he grows up.But a child carry a heavy burden in his childhood, he may be pessimistic in thefuture. And learning English in a young age is no doubt to deprive children"shappy childhood. How can they be happy to be enforced to learn something theydon"t like? Grow up healthily is more important to a person. 　　首先，年幼的小孩应该过得开开心心，而不是背上负担。童年在一个人的一生当中是很重要的，因为它在一个人的内心占有一定的位置。一个拥有快乐童年的人长大后可能会是一个阳光的青年。但是一个顶着负担长大的人，将来则可能会变得很悲观。被强迫去做自己不喜欢的事如何能够开心呢？快快乐乐地长大对一个人来说更重要。 　　Secondly, people should not forget theirorigin. According to the present situation, learning English is verysignificant, but learning Chinese is also couldn"t ignore. If a person can"tlearn his mother language well, how can he make others believe he can learnother things well. So I think they don"t need to learn a second language in ahungry. They can learn English when they grow older. 　　第二，人们不应该忘本。基于如今的情形，学习英语是很重要的，但是学习汉语也是不可忽视的。如果一个人不能学好自己的母语，他如何能让别人相信他可以做好别的事情。所以我觉得他们不用仓促地学习第二语言。他们可以在他们长大一点的时候再学习英语。 　　To sum up, for the sake of children"shealthy grow up, the adults should not force them to learn English in a youngage. Learning English can wait. 　　总之，看在孩子健康成长的份上，大人们不应该强迫小孩在年幼的时候学习英语。学习英语是可以等等的。

尽情享受吧indulge：v.纵情于,迁就,放任; 沉溺

ruler

machiavellianism: 权术主义马基雅维里主义英英解释: 名词machiavellianism:1. the political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic governmenthttp://dict.cn/search/?q=machiavellianism马基雅维里主义以尼科洛·马基雅维里的名字命名。尼科洛u2022马基雅维里（Niccolo Machiavelli， 1469－1527），文艺复兴时期意大利著名的政治思想家、政治活动家和历史学家。此人于16世纪着有如何获得和操弄权术的专着。高马基雅给里主义的个体重视实效，保持着情感的距离，相信结果能替手段辩护。“只要行得通，就采用它。”这是高马基雅维里主义者一贯的思想准则。 高马基雅维里主义者比低马基雅维里主义者更愿意操纵别人，赢得利益更多，更难被别人说服，却更多地说服别人。 高马基雅维里主义者在以下几个方面工作成效显著： A、当他们与别人面对面直接交往，而不是间接地相互作用； B、当情境中要求的规则与限制最少，并有即兴发挥时； C、情绪卷入与获得成功无关时。 高马基雅维里主义者会是好员工吗？这取决于工作的类型及你是否在评估绩效时考虑其道德内涵。对于需要谈判技能的工作和成功能带来实质效益的工作（如代理销售商），高马基雅维里主义者会十分出色；而对于以下这些情况，如结果不能为手段辩护的工作，行为有绝对的规范标准以及上一段中所列出的叁个条件不存在时，很难预期高马基雅维里主义者会取得良好绩效。http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/8317710.html?si=1http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/14900214.html?si=2

民主

专制的解释[autocratic;despotic] 君主独掌政权 封建专制统治者 详细解释 (1).独断专行。 《韩非子·亡徵》 ：“婴儿为君，大臣专制，树羁旅以为党，数割地以待交者，可亡也。” 《史记·穰侯列传》 ：“ 范雎 言 宣太后 专制， 穰侯 擅权於 诸侯 ……於是 秦昭王 悟，乃免相国。” 宋 苏轼 《策略第一》 ：“权臣专制，擅作威福，是诛之而已也。” 林海音 《城南旧事·代序》 ：“他溺爱我，也 鞭策 我，更有过一些多么不合理的事情表现他的专制。” (2). 控制 ；掌管。 《 左传 ·昭公十九年》 ：“若寡君之二三臣，其即世者， 晋 大夫而专制其位，是 晋 之县鄙也，何国为之？” 杨伯峻 注：“内政而为他国 干涉 ，是他国之县邑也， 郑 何为 国家 ？” 《汉书·西域传下·乌孙国》 ：“昆莫年老国分，不能专制，乃发使送 骞 ，因献马数十匹报谢。” 《北齐书·神武纪下》 ：“ 景 （ 侯景 ）专制 河 南十四年矣，常有 飞扬跋扈 志。” 《水浒后传》 第十九回：“那时 郭药师 专制一路，募兵三十万，心怀进退。” (3).君主独掌政权。 瞿秋白 《赤都心史》 十九：“封建遗毒，东方式的专制政体，使官僚 问题 种得很深的根底。” 词语分解 专的解释 专 （专） ā 单纯 、独一、集中在一件事上：专长（俷 ）。专使。 专心致志 。 独自掌握和占有：专利。专车。专有。专断。 姓。 博 部首 ：一； 制的解释 制 （⑦制） ì 规定：因地制宜。制定。制式。制宪。 限定， 约束 ，管束： 制止 。 制裁 。专制。 制约 。 抵制 。 节制 。制动。制海权。 法规， 制度 ： 民主集中制 。公有制。 依照规定的 标准 做的：制钱（ 中国 明、清两代称

automatic, autocorrect, automobile, autobiography, autocratic

Absolute monarchy system

zhuan 第一声

这个问题真的不能知道

具体的例证英文翻译如下：具体的例证英文Specific examples例句:1.By citing specific examples, the orator drove home his points.通过引用具体事例，演说家讲透了他的观点。2.To get hold of the applicable law in social life and the measures implemented by the autocratic state through the analysis of the specific examples.通过具体事例分析，了解该法律在社会生活中的适用问题，以及专制国家所采取的种种措施。3.I"ll start with some generalities and then examine a few specific examples.我首先进行概述，然后会分析几个实例。4.The report listed some specific examples such as in the seventh episode of the English cartoon Peppa Pig, characters ride on a giant pumpkin that is being airlifted by a helicopter, which the committee considers dangerous as it may mislead children into thinking it is safe to climb high places.报告列举了一些具体的例子，例如，在英国卡通片《小猪佩奇》的第七集中，动画角色骑在一个直升机吊着的大南瓜上，委员会认为这一镜头属于危险动作，可能误导孩子认为攀爬高处是很安全的。5.Analysis is presented with specific examples and provided for reference in design.本文结合具体实例加以分析，供设计参考。

具体的例证英文Specific examples例句:1.By citing specific examples, the orator drove home his points.通过引用具体事例，演说家讲透了他的观点。2.To get hold of the applicable law in social life and the measures implemented by the autocratic state through the analysis of the specific examples.通过具体事例分析，了解该法律在社会生活中的适用问题，以及专制国家所采取的种种措施。3.I"ll start with some generalities and then examine a few specific examples.我首先进行概述，然后会分析几个实例。4.The report listed some specific examples such as in the seventh episode of the English cartoon Peppa Pig, characters ride on a giant pumpkin that is being airlifted by a helicopter, which the committee considers dangerous as it may mislead children into thinking it is safe to climb high places.报告列举了一些具体的例子，例如，在英国卡通片《小猪佩奇》的第七集中，动画角色骑在一个直升机吊着的大南瓜上，委员会认为这一镜头属于危险动作，可能误导孩子认为攀爬高处是很安全的。5.Analysis is presented with specific examples and provided for reference in design.本文结合具体实例加以分析，供设计参考。

《Into the Wild》（Jon Krakauer）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1L33x2UsJulV6HCicbUXZgA 密码：ogme书名：Into the Wild作者：Jon Krakauer豆瓣评分：8.8出版社：Anchor出版年份：2007-8-21页数：207内容简介：After graduating from Emory University in Atlanta in 1992, top student and athlete Christopher McCandless abandoned his possessions, gave his entire $24,000 savings account to charity and hitchhiked to Alaska, where he went to live in the wilderness. Four months later, he turned up dead. His diary, letters and two notes found at a remote campsite tell of his desperate effort to survive, apparently stranded by an injury and slowly starving. They also reflect the posturing of a confused young man, raised in affluent Annandale, Va., who self-consciously adopted a Tolstoyan renunciation of wealth and return to nature. Krakauer, a contributing editor to Outside and Men"s Journal, retraces McCandless"s ill-fated antagonism toward his father, Walt, an eminent aerospace engineer. Krakauer also draws parallels to his own reckless youthful exploit in 1977 when he climbed Devils Thumb, a mountain on the Alaska-British Columbia border, partly as a symbolic act of rebellion against his autocratic father. In a moving narrative, Krakauer probes the mystery of McCandless"s death, which he attributes to logistical blunders and to accidental poisoning from eating toxic seed pods. Maps. 35,000 first printing; author tour.Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.作者简介：乔恩·克拉考尔（Jon Krauer）美国畅销书作家，《户外》杂志专栏作家、登山家。亲历1996年珠穆朗玛峰山难后，他在《户外》杂志发表的分析报道（后来扩展为本书）获“美国国家杂志奖”。除了本书，乔恩·克拉考尔还著有《荒野生存》、《艾格尔山之梦》和《天堂的旗帜下》等。其中《荒野生存》出版后，长踞《纽约时报》畅销排行榜达两年以上，为他赢得杰出探险类作家的赞誉。

翻译不出来

If you dictate, I will obey you for sure.While I love buildings, you love the road;But my door will always be open upon your return.

it is widely believed that人们普遍认为，

作为中国北方孤儿先住在专制的军阀,然后在Japanese-controlled木偶,年轻的彭柯被遗弃的不但藉着他父亲,但在他的国家合法政府。爱向儿子没有父母,彭柯也是一个无助的爱国者谁看见他被敌人从四内在和外在。毫不奇怪,当他开始写的小说在五十年代初,那么多的主要特性应该变成孤儿

口袋Tape-Recorders”Family和首页Magazine”现在测试在市场上的what"s。 Pearlcorder S702 $ 64 在奥林匹斯山范围的底部的This简单的模型得了它的录音的优秀质量的多数分。 背景噪声几乎不影响声音，并且从口袋的录音是完全可能的，但是它doesn"t自动地关闭。 Tape长度。： 每边30分钟。 重量：240 g。 Sony M9 $ 49。95 Small和非常悦目，被计分多数的Sony"s后提供出现的。 声音清除，但是有轻微的机器噪声。 大控制按钮是在某些的巨大改善在其他的复杂的一点控制把录音记录器。 它独裁的doesn"t开关，但是红灯显示机器是否仍然运行。 Tape长度： 每边60分钟。 重量：195 g。 Sony M400 $115 弄出声响并且是难使用少许控制按钮的Lots。 录音是好，但是机器噪声失去的点。 录音得逆，并且自动开关，当磁带完成记录或倒带时是有用的。 Tape长度： 每边60分钟。 重量：230 g。 LMPERIAL OEM MC7 $29。 95 只要没有背景噪声， Cheap和简单比较休息，但是录音是好。 使用它仅自己做了卡式磁带。 显示它的光不打开; 没有快速运送按钮，并且记录按钮做喧闹声。 Tape长度：每边30分钟，重量：285 g。 Philips 585 $80 Handsome和方便操作，但是录音比为口述设计的建议使用的距离是非常穷的在更多5cm。 没有录音光。 Tape长度： 每边15分钟。 重量：220 g。

你好，很高兴为你解答，答案如下： 由于封建君主专制空前强化，所以资本主义萌芽受到严重的阻碍，发展缓慢。Because of the unprecedented strengthening of the feudal autocratic monarchy, the germination of capitalism has been seriously hampered and developed slowly.希望我的回答对你有帮助。

1、我从没有爱过这世界，它对我也一样。 I"ve never loved the world. It"s the same to me. 2、爱国英雄给民族带来光荣，专制暴君给民族带来灾难。 Patriotic heroes bring glory to the nation and autocratic tyrants bring disaster to the nation. 3、假若他日相逢，我将何以贺你？以沉默，以眼泪。 If he should meet the next day, how would I congratulate you? With silence, with tears. 4、男人的爱情只是男人一生当中的一部分，但是爱情却是女人一生中的全部。 Men"s love is only a part of a man"s life, but love is the whole of a woman"s life. 5、呵，乐趣，尽管有人肯定会因你而倒霉，但你毕竟是如此令人快慰。 Oh, fun, although some people are sure to be unlucky for you, you are so happy after all. 6、你宛若一场天国的绮梦，尘世的爱情不配去攀求。 You are like a dream of heaven, the love of the world is not worth climbing. 7、当四周逐渐阴沉暗淡，理性悄然隐没了光线，希望的火烛摇曳欲熄，我在孤独中徘徊茫然。 As the light fades away, reason fades away, and the candle of hope flickers away, I wander in loneliness. 8、爱我的，我报以叹息。恨我的，我付之一笑。任上天降下什么运气，这颗心全已准备好。 Love me, I return with a sigh. Hate me, I pay a laugh. The heart is ready for whatever luck God may bring. 9、一滴墨水，可以唤起千百万人的思想。 A drop of ink can evoke the thoughts of millions of people. 10、假如我能遇见你，经年之后，我将如何与你招呼，以眼泪，以沉默。 If I could meet you, after years, how would I greet you with tears and silence? 11、我的心灵也正是这样，倾身向往对你聆听；就像夏季海洋的浪潮，充满温柔的感情。 My heart is like this, leaning forward to listen to you; like the summer ocean tide, full of tender feelings. 12、男人是奇怪的东西，而更奇怪的是女人。 Men are strange things, but more strange are women. 13、我不会为了你舍弃世界。但是，我也不会为了世界舍弃你。 I will not abandon the world for you. But I will not abandon you for the world. 14、没有方法能使时钟为我敲已过去了的钟点。 There is no way to make the clock strike the past hour for me. 15、无论头上是怎样的天空，我准备承受任何风暴。 No matter what the sky is above, I"m prepared to withstand any storm. 16、爱情中的欢乐和痛苦是交替出现的。 Joy and pain in love alternate. 17、为伟大的事业捐躯，从来就不能算作是失败。 To die for a great cause can never be counted as failure. 18、要是我梦见你爱我，你休怪，休要迁怒于睡眠；你的爱只在梦乡存在，醒来，我空余泪眼。 If I dream that you love me, don"t blame me me, don"t be angry at sleep; your love only exists in dreams, wake up, I have spare tears. 19、我对你的爱就是对人类的恨，因为爱上了人类便不能专心爱你。 My love for you is my hatred for human beings, because if I fall in love with human beings, I can"t love you with all my heart. 20、如果谣言是真的，那我不配住在英国；如果谣言是假的，那么英国不配让我居住。 If the rumors are true, then I am not fit to live in Britain; if the rumors are false, then Britain is not fit to let me live. 21、当一个人了解别人的痛苦时，他必也是饱经痛苦的人。 When a man understands the suffering of others, he must also be suffering. 22、若我再见你，时隔经年，我将如何致意，以眼泪以沉默。 If I see you again, after years, how will I greet you with tears and silence? 23、为爱而爱，是神；为被爱而爱，是人。 To love for love is God; to be loved is man. 24、恋爱是艰苦的，不能期待它象美梦一样出来。 Love is hard, and you can"t expect it to e out like a dream. 25、要使婚姻长久，就需克服自我中心意识。 To make a long marriage, we need to overe self-centeredness. 26、快乐者必将取胜，必然如此，因为幸福从来都是孪生。 Happy people are bound to win, which is inevitable, because happiness is always in. 27、曲线的优点就是，它比直线更有利于接触更多的机遇。 The advantage of a curve is that it is more conducive to more opportunities than a straight line. 28、谁知旧日情，斯人知太深。绵绵长怀恨，尽在不言中。 Who knows the past, people know too much. Long and bitter, all in silence. 29、对往日良辰只付之一叹，借纷繁景象把心事排除。 Sigh at the good old days, and take advantage of the numerous scenes to get rid of your worries. 30、离别多年后，抑或再相逢。相逢何所语，泪流默无声。 After many years of parting, or meet again. Where do we meet? Tears are silent. 31、若我遇你，经年之后，我该如何贺你，以眼泪，以沉默。 If I meet you, after years, how can I congratulate you, with tears, with silence? 32、爱情对于男人不过是身外之物，对于女人却是整个生命。 Love is nothing but an external thing for men, but a whole life for women. 33、你的美，遗世而独立，你的声音，似流水之韵；我不语，不寻，亦不吐露你的芳名。 Your beauty, the legacy and independence, your voice, like the rhyme of flowing water; I do not speak, nor seek, nor reveal your name. 34、假如我梦见你爱我，你休怪，醒来，我空余泪眼。 If I dream that you love me, don"t freak out, wake up, I have spare tears. 35、太阳是是帝的生命，是诗歌，是光明。 The sun is the life of the emperor, poetry and light. 36、不管先人是多么富贵，一个败家子就足以损坏门楣。 No matter how rich the ancestors are, a loser is enough to damage the lintel. 37、从我的过去的一片荒墟中，至少，至少有这些我能记忆。 From the ruins of my past, at least, I can remember that. 38、所有的悲剧以死亡结束，所有的喜剧以结婚告终。 All tragedies end in death, all edies end in marriage. 39、一切痛苦能够毁灭人，然而受苦的人也能把痛苦消灭！ All pain can destroy people, but those who suffer can also destroy pain! 40、黑夜原是为爱而生，白昼转眼就会回来。 Night was born for love, and the day will e back in a inkling of an eye. 41、不管赢得这世界不是失去它。反正它是个无聊的世界。 Winning the world is not losing it. It"s a boring world anyway. 42、大的心灵正多么喜悦，为了它献出和将献出的一切。 The great heart is so happy that it gives and will give everything for it. 43、没有青春的爱情有何滋味？没有爱情的青春有何意义？ What"s the taste of love without youth? What is the meaning of youth without love? 44、悲观的人虽生犹死，乐观的人永生不老。 Pessimistic people die, optimistic people never grow old. 45、连祖国都不爱的人，是什么也不会爱的。 Even those who do not love their motherland will not love anything.

啊!~都太厉害了

小

一、填空 1、Mintzberg"s10 management role are grouped around(inter-personal relationship) , ( the transfer of information ) and (decision making) 2 、For an organization ,there are three characteristics including （distinct purpose ） (deliberate structure) and (people)3、In terms of problems for decision-making ,there exist two types ,that is (structured problems)and(unstructured problems) 4、there are four decision-making style including (directive style) ( analytic style) (conceptual style) and (behavioral style)5、five common forms of departmentalization include (functional departmentalization) (geographical departmentalization) (product departmentalization ) (process departmentalization)and (customer departmentalization)6.(Contingency) approach says that organizations are different ,face different situations ,and require different ways of managing.7..If a communication takes place among any employees on the same organizational level ,then we call it (lateral communication).8.About the definition of motivation ,we can find out three key elements they are(energy), (direction) and (persistence).9.The University of Iowa studies explored three leadership styles, they are(autocratic style) ,(democratic style) and(laissez-faire style).10、( Controlling )is the process of monitering activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and of correcting any significant deviation.11,there are three types of managers ,they are (first-line managers) ,(middle managers)and top managers 12,management is coordinating work activities so that they are completed (efficiently) And (effectively)with and through other people.13,Winslow Taylor developed the famous theory of (scientific management)in 1911.14,.(Contingency approach)theory says that organizations are different ,face different situations ,and require different ways of managing.15,Decisions can be classified two types ,they are (programmed)decisions and (unprogrammed)decisions.16,SWOT analysis refers to analysis of the organization"s strengths ,weakness(opportunities)And(threats)17,(Visionary)leader has the ability to create and articulate a realistic ,credible ,and attractive vision of the future that improves upon the present situation. 18,Three needs theory states three needs including the need for achievement ,(power) And (affiliation).19,Douglas McGregor is best known for proposing two sets of assumptions about Human nature, that is (Theory X) and (Theory Y) 20,Communication within an organization is often described as formal communication and (informal) communication 二、名词解释 1.job enlargement :The horizontal expansion of a job by increasing job scope.2,managerial grid :A grid of two leadership behaviors-concern for people and concern for production-which resulted in five different leadership style.3,nonverbal communication: Communication transmitted without words. 4,management :Coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. 5.decision making :The essence of the manager"s job. 6, Hawthorne studies :A series of studies during the 1920s and 1930s that provided new insights into individual and group behavior. 7,management by objectives(MBO):A process of setting mutually agreed-upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance. 8, Organic organization :An organizational design that"s highly adaptive and flexible. 9,situational leadership theory(SLT):A leadership contingency theory that focuses on followers" readiness.10,Motivation：The process by which a person"s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining.三、简答 1. Illustrate Taylor"s four principles of management1.Develop a science for each element of an individual"s work, which will replace the old rule-of-thumb method.2.Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker.3.Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.4,Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers .Management takes overall work for which it is better fitted than the workers.2. show Fayol" s 14 principles of managementDivision of work Authority Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interests to general jnterest Remuneration Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure of personnel Initiative Esprit de corps3. what"s the views about the contingency approach? the contingency approach says that organizations are different , face different situations, and require different ways of managing.4. what"s the conclusion of Hawthorne studies,It"s a little importance from a historical perspective whether the Hawthorne studies were academically sound or their conclusions justified.5.explain theory X and theory Y :Theory X is a negative view of people that assumes workers have little ambition, dislike work, want to avoid responsibility, and need to be closely controlled to work effectively. Theory Y is a positive view that assumes workers can exercise self-direction, accept and actually seek out responsibility and consider work to be a natural activity.6, Explain in details about management function.Planning: managers define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and developplans to integrate and coordinate activities. Organizing: determine what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. Leading: when managers motives subordinates, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues they are leading. Controlling: this process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is what we mean by the controlling function. 7, Explain the Decision-making process1.Identification of a problem 2.identification of decision criteria 3.allocation of weights to criteria 4.development of alternative 5.analysis of alternative 6.selection of an alternative 7.implementation of the alternative 8.evaluation of decision effectiveness. 8, Explain strengths and weaknesses of functional structure. Strengths: Cost-saving advantages from specialization (economies of scale, minimal duplication of people and equipment) and employees are grouped with others who have similar tasks.Weakness: Pursuit of functional goals can cause managers to lose sight of what"s best for overall organization; functional specialists become insulated and have little understanding of what other units are doing. 9, What skills do visionary leaders exhibit?1. Ability to explain the vision to others.2.ability to express the vision not just verbally but through behavior.3.ability to extend or apply the vision to different leadership contexts. 10, Explain equity theory Equity theory, proposes that employees compare what they get from a job situation outcomes in relation to what they put into it (inputs) and then compare their inputs-outcomes ratio with the inputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others.

唤起；出动；大声叫唤

He had captured the real Kaizen Gamorra and taken his place. Alan Moore also participated in Team 7 and Kaizen Gamorra . The real Kaizen Gamorra was found and reinstated as the nation"s leader. "" Kaizen Gamorra ""is a fictional character in the Wildstorm Universe ics. Miles Craven later contacted Kaizen Gamorra and had him create a synthesized version of the Gen-factor. Kaizen Gamorra prepared his nation against the disaster, and is now the leader of a veritable superpower. For example, she is sent with fellow Stormwatch members Rose Tattoo to the island nation ruled by Kaizen Gamorra . Under the new Kaizen Gamorra , Gamorra Island was turned into the world"s leading industry on geic engineering and cyberics. On Earth, the WildC . A . T . s followed their former member Grifter to the island of Gamorra, where Spartan met Kaizen Gamorra . When they reach the Kaizen"s palace, the child precogs show the Team a future where Kaizen Gamorra has opened the Box, and the whole world is going off the rails. It"s difficult to see kaizen gamorra in a sentence. 用 kaizen gamorra 造句挺难的 This affected Fpnt personally, as she was sent in by part of a *** all team to attack Kaizen Gamorra "s island nation in response to a terrorist bomb that killed 223 innocent aircraft passengers and crew. Midnighter was the architect of the team"s first significant victory, the defeat of autocratic dictator Kaizen Gamorra , which he achieved by dropping the 50-mile-long Carrier on to Gamorra"s island base. Brandon Choi and Jim Lee had referred to him many times as an important character within the Wildstorm Universe, but their Kaizen Gamorra turned out to be an imposter called Stormwatch # 40, written by Warren Elps, with art by Tom Raney.

要想复习好F1的课程需要首先了解F1的课程特点。和ACCA其他F阶段课程相比较，F1的课程呈现以下两个特点： 纯理论课程，几乎没有计算。第二， ACCA课程，内容较杂，几乎提到之后各科内容。针对这样的课程特点，ACCA F1的复习重点应该在各个章节知识点和概念的理解上，课上中文理解，课下英文理解，双语对照，加强记忆。Mendelow：Mendelow"s Matrix：Stakeholders & Power VS InterestHight power & high interest：key playersHight power & low interest：keep satisfiedLow power & high interest：keep informedLow power & low interest：minimal effortsAnthony：Planning Level：Hierarchy层级(管理层)——STO战略(Strategic)规划(高级管理层：处理长期规划;关心公司发展方向、政策制定、危机处理)战术(Tactical)决策(中层领导：每年具体目标制定;关心如何达到企业目标的方法、资源的合理配置、创新)经营(Operational)管理(车间小组长：监管并参与实际生产;制定日常活动计划)Porter：价值链value chain：支持活动：基础设施、IT、HR、采购、财务主要活动：进料inbound(receiving、warehousing、distribution)、加工(transforming)、给到客户(warehousing/distribution of finished goods)、市场/销售、售后服务五力竞争模型Five competence force：Threat of new entrants 新兴商品(进入市场的障碍：economices of scale规模经济、product differentiation产品区别化、good brand name & customer loyalty品牌与客户忠诚度、capital requirement资金要求、switching cost转化成本、access to distribution channels分销渠道、learning cureve advantage学习曲线优势)/substitute替代品的威胁力、customers客户/suppliers供应商的议价能力、competitive rivalry同行业的竞争力Generic Strategies：Cost leadership成本领先：低成本生产商Differentiation差异领先：unique[*{3}*]Focus：cost focus只注重部分市场;分类：成本中心/differentiation focus差异中心Schein：Determinanta of organization culture组织文化的决定因素：组织文化的决定性因素(三个层级)P160*9层级：Artifacts——可看得见的部分，包括工作行为、态度第二层级：Values&Beliefs——潜在隐藏部分，包括目标、战略第三层级：Assumptions——很难感受到，包括想法、感受Handy：Organization culture组织文化的分类：组织文化的分类：权力型、角色型、任务型、个性型 P162权力型Power culture：保持绝对管理权;适用于简单/企业家结构组织——Zeus角色型Role culture：按职位划分，变化/晋升缓慢;适用于官僚主义组织;适用于稳定、结构大的组织如政府机关——Apollo任务型Task culture：注重任务完成结果的好坏、完成任务;适用于项目团队如matrix structure(短期、一次性)，根据结果——Athena个性型Person culture：满足某一个体的要求;适用于——DionysusHofstede：International culture国际文化五大差异维度：权力距离power distance：上下级之间的关系(中方比较大，西方比较小)个人主义&集体主义individualism & collectivism：中国崇尚集体、西方注重个人男性化&女性化社会*masculinity & femininity：男性与女性之间的区别低不确定性&高不确定性规避：uncertainty avoidance短期取向&长期取向：Long & short term orientationLeader VS Manager 区别：Kotter & BennisKotter：管理Mngt应对复杂(Complexity—process & structure、analysis & control)情况，领导Leadership应付变化(change)Bennis：管理Mngt注重内控系统(system)和短期short term，领导注重人们(people)和长期long term管理学代表人物及理论内容：Scientific/classical theory of management科学管理——Fayol，TaylorThe human relations school人际关系学说——MayoFunctions of a manager 管理者的职能——MintzberDruckerFayol：管理五大职能：five functions of management—POCCCPlanning(determine objectives、strategies、policies、programmes & procedures for achieving the objective、the org & sub-units确定发展目标、策略、流程等)Organizing(establish structure of task、delegate authority to carry out tasks、providing systems of inf. & communication for co-ordination of activities建立组织结构、下放权力)Commanding(giving instructions下达命令)Coordinating(harmonizing the goals and activities of individuals and groups within the organization个人目标与组织目标相统一)Controlling(measuring & correcting评估和纠正)后人/现代管理学增加两点：Motivating(激励)、Communicating(沟通)Taylor：科学管理：现代科学管理之父、科学管理的原理(4个)和方法(4个)、计件工资piecework Principles科学管理的原理：The development of true science of work发展真正的科学(收集所有知识并明细化分) The scientific selection & progressive development of workers科学挑选员工并培训(提供最合适的工作)The applications of techniques to plan制定科学的工作方法(评估并控制工作、为了*5产能)The constant & intimate co-operation员工和管理层的合作Techniques科学管理的方法：Work study techniques研究工作方法(分析任务、找出最有效的方法、不准出错) Planning & doing were separated规划人和实施者分离Jobs were micro-designed工作分解详细(简单、单一的任务)Workers were paid incentives员工薪水(激励作用)MayoHuman Relation School人际关系学说：注重social relationshipsHawthorne实验(宣泄效应、发泄不满、与领导层沟通交流—心情变得舒畅也感觉到了管理层的关心、生产效率提高)Marslow， Hertzberg后人际关系学说(Neo-human relations)——an open, dynamic organism with human psychological needs of growth, challenge, responsibility and fulfillment岗位中强调成长、责任感、成就感也能带来绩效的上升Peter DruckerManagement Process管理过程：注重management concepts and practices、a manager or a business has one basic functioneconomic performance;管理过程的步骤(5步)管理过程的步骤：为组织设立目标、为目标工作、激励员工、工作评估衡量、培训员工 Drucker认为：企业管理最重要的责任(overriding responsibility)：经济效益(economic performance)MintzbergManager roles管理者的角色(3大角色、10小角色)3大角色：interpersonal人际关系角色、informational信息角色、decisional决策角色 10小角色：3、3、4人际关系：figurehead首脑、leader领导者、liaison person联络人信息角色：监管者monitor、发言人spokesman、信息传播者disseminator决策角色：企业家entrepreneur、资源分配管理recourse allocation administrator、商议者negotiator、传递者(解决问题者)mediator观点：管理者不能总是作为计划者、管理者工作乱且不连续、管理者每天有职责要履行等Leadership领导能力理论三大学派：Trait、Style、ContingentTrait：Certain characteristics common to successful leaderStyle学派代表人物：Ashridge—MGM分类、Blake & Mouton—MGM GridContingent学派代表人物：Fiedler—PDMs&PCMs，Adair—ACLHelfetz的Dispersed Leadership观点Style：代表人物(Ashridge—MGM分类、Blake and Mouton—MGM Grid)Ashridge：Management College Model领导分类4类Tells(autocratic)：领导做所有决策、按照交代的做——专制Sells(persuasive)：领导做所有决策、但员工需被激励Consults(咨询)：领导考虑下级的观点、最后还是领导决策Joins(democratic)：领导和下级一起做决策、consensus达成一致Blake and Mouton：Management Grid方格理论(关心工作、关心员工)、*5个特殊点1.1 Impoverished：双low型：对工作、员工都不关心9.9 Team：双high型：5.5 Middle Road(dampened pendulum)：对工作、员工平衡关心1.9 Country Club：对员工关心、不关心工作9.1 Task management：对工作关心、对员工不关心Contingency：根据变量而变化、*代表人物(Fiedler—PDM&PCM，Adair—ACL)Fiedler：Nature of leadership研究领导力的本质——部分因为态度attitude，部分取决于环境situation领导的分类：PDMs(和下级保持距离、注重工作)、PCMs(和下级亲近、关系好) 影响领导有效的因素：上下级之间的关系、工作任务的结构清晰度、领导拥有的权利如何高效文章来源公众号：ACCA学习号(ID:studyacca)领导的情形：员工敬爱爱戴领导、任务结构清晰、领导权利至高Fiedler建议：PDM(structured)无论情形好坏都OK、PCM只有在favourable的时候才OKJohn Adair：行为中心领导(ACL)模型(建立在情况或功能之上、注重领导做了什么)三个变量：任务需求、组员个人需求、小组需求Effective leadership is a process of identifying and acting on that priority, exercising a relevant cluster of roles to meet the various needs. (有效领导需考虑以上三个变量)任务需求：initiating、information-seeking、diagnosing、opinion-seeking、evaluating、decision-making(发起、信息寻找、诊断、意见寻找、评估、做决定)组员个人需求：goal-setting、feedback、recognition、counselling、training(建立目标、反馈、意识、讨论、培训)小组需求：encouraging、peace-keeping、clarifying、standard-seeking(鼓励、保持和睦、清晰化、标准寻找)步骤：定义任务、计划、概述、控制、评估、激励、组织、建立模版Heifetz：Dispersed Leadership(组织中的任何一个人都可以发挥领导力和影响力管理者在团队建立和队员个人发展的作用：P352Belbin团队角色理论、Tuckman团队发展理论BelbinTeam role theory团队角色理论：9大角色*Plant：创造力creative、想象力imaginative、非正统unorthodox——解决难题——忽视细节，太全神贯注于高效的沟通*Resource investigator：外向extrovert、热情enthusiastic、善于沟通communicative——寻求发展机会、发展/加强联系——太过乐观、三分钟热度过去就失去兴趣*Co-ordinator(Chairman)：成熟mature、自信confident、好领导a chair person——阐明目标、提升决策、好授权(管理层)——操纵、代表个人工作*Shaper：挑战challenging、动感dynamic、抗压力strive on pressure——有推动力和勇气克服障碍——激怒/挑衅他人、伤害感情*Monitor/Evaluator：冷静、战略型strategic、判断力强discerning——评估所有选择、准确评判accurate judgement——缺乏鼓舞他们的内驱力和能力，太过批判性*Team Worker：合作cooperative、温和、感知力强、老练——聆听、建立、防止摩擦、平息风波calm waters——在关键情况下犹豫不决、容易被影响Implementer(company worker)：遵守记录、依赖性、保守、高效—把理想转换为现实——顽固的、对新的可能性反应迟钝Completer/finisher：勤勉、认真、焦虑——查处错误和纰漏，准时交付——过度担心、不远委任、吹毛求疵Specialist：专心single-minded、自启式self-starting、专注dedicated——提供少见的知识和技能——只对狭隘的前线有贡献、停留在学术性、忽略更大的蓝图TuckmanTeam development process团队发展理论：分4个阶段FSNP P355Forming：组建期、initial stage初期、introducing new ideas引进信理念、trying to find out each other相互认识和了解Storming：动荡期、growing stage成长阶段、openning conflict unavoided不可避免的明显冲突、加强相互信任Norming：规范期、mature成熟期、norms & regulations建立规范和规章制度Performing：执行任务后来的补充：Dorming：步入正轨后的骄傲自满，导致退步Mourning/adjourning：衰退/休整期：group breaks up、回到forming stage*激励理论分类：内容理论、过程理论 P366内容理论：What motivates people?提供满足自己需求的方法MaslowHierarchy of needs需求层次理论：五个层次 P367Physical生理需求：食物、住所Saftety安全需求：安全、有秩序、可预测性、免受威胁Love/Social爱/社会需求：关系、感情、归属感Esteem尊重需求：独立、认可、地位、他人的尊敬Self-actualisation自我实现：实现个人的潜力只有当一个层次得到满足，才会有对下一层次的需求。Maslow理论的局限性：P368一个时期内的几个需求同时存在、不同需求不同人有不同的反应、需求递延(Deferred needs、suffer)、层级的实证检验很难、层级反映美国和英国的文化价值，也许不适用于其他国家文章来源公众号：ACCA学习号(ID:studyacca)HertzbergTwo-factor theory双因理论 P368理论基础：两个需求——Hygiene factors & Motivator factors保健因素 & 激励因素 避免不愉快的需求：保健因素：预防员工的不满(公司政策和治理、工资、监督的质量、人际关系、管理风格、工作环境、工作保障、身份地位)个人成长与实现的需求：动力因素(状态、提升、同事和管理者的认可、职责、挑战性工作、成就感、培训、工作中的成长与发展、身份地位)Herzberg建议三种工作设计用来提升工作满意度：扩大就业job enlargement、工作轮换job rotation、工作丰富化job enrichmentHerzberg理论的局限性：动力因素提升生产率很难衡量、样本的量不充足、限制性的文化背景(西方)P369、工作满足感对工作表现的影响无必然关系过程理论：How can people be motivated?如何激励员工 P369VroomExpectancy theory期望理论：对结果的期待;激励可以被评估和估量公式：F=V*EF：motivation forceV：valence(preference)效价;由正数desired、负数avoid、零indifference表示 E：expectancy;0表示没有机会-1表示肯定之间的任何数字Valence：正/负/零、达到目标后对个人的意义、目标的价值Expectancy：自我评估实现目标的概率有多少McGregor：X理论和Y理论——两个极端假设 P370X理论：大多数人懒惰、不喜欢工作dislike、需要control ——人之初、性本恶 因此大多数人是被强迫、控制、指挥甚至胁迫的——管理者软硬兼施Y理论：大多数人勤劳、喜欢工作not dislike——人之初、性本善管理者应善于咨询并促进，使用正反馈、挑战、职责作为激励因素Hertzberg：三个方法、提高岗位设计、使工作对员工来说更有趣Job enrichment：丰富化、扩大岗位职责、工作宽度、提高工作挑战性(vertical)Eg：给员工足够的自由，考虑如何完成任务;鼓励员工参与规划决策;定期给员工反馈Job enlargement：扩大化、增加工作的环节和步骤(horizontal)Job rotation:轮换制、员工岗位轮换Honey & Mumford学习风格4种 P383 TRAPTheorists理论主义者：understand basic principles — 清晰计划且有结构、分析、喜欢老师和他们沟通理论和分析Reflectors反射主义者：work at his own pace(自学)、总结结论、速度慢、不参与课堂学习Activists积极者：处理practical/active problem、不爱理论 — 喜欢学习工作经验、乐于参加、接受压力、比较激进Pragmatists实用主义者：只学习解决目前实际有关问题的方法、善于通过在职训练学习新技术、目的性强Kolb：Learning Cycle学习流程——学习周期 P384又称：Experimental Learning Cycle、learner in an active problem-solving role、self-learning、 学习周期：Having an experience (Act)Observation & Reflection(Analyse Action)Formation & Abstract / Concepts & Generalization(Suggest Principles/Abstract) Applying & Testing(Apply Principles/Plan)

用 有道 吧

早期政治制度与专制制度中央集权区别是很大的专制主义是非常统治一个。

阴

why don"t know use the words from his speech?

且qiě尚，还，表示进一层：既高且大。尚且。况且。表示暂时：苟且偷安。姑且。表示将要、将近：城且拔矣。年且九十。一面这样，一面那样：且走且说。表示经久：这双鞋且穿呢！文言发语词，用在句首，与“夫”相似：且说。姓。且jū文言助词，用在句末，与“啊”相似。多的样子。农历六月的别称。敬慎的样子：“有萋有且”。古同“趄”，趑趄。笔画数：5；部首：一；笔顺编号：25111笔画顺序：竖折横横横详解专_、_zhuān【名】形,即“_;左边是手,合起来为用手纺织。“_”兼作声符。本义:纺锤)纺专,收丝器〖spindle〗专,纺专。《说文》。字亦作_,作_,俗作_。载弄之瓦。《诗·小雅·斯干》。传:“瓦,纺_也。”按,原始的陶制纺锤。专长〖speciality〗。如:一专多能中等专科学校的简称〖polytechnicschool〗。如:新城工专;美镇医专;兴隆商专姓专_zhuān【动】独占;独用〖sewup〗专禄以周旋,戮也。《左传·襄公二十六年》吴王擅鄣海泽,邓通专西山。《盐铁论·错币》罔俾阿衡专美有商。《书·说命下》专其利三世矣。唐·柳宗元《捕蛇者说》衣食所安,弗敢专也。《左传·庄公十年》敢专承之。《国语·晋语》与其卖而分,孰若吾得专焉?唐·柳宗元《童区寄传》又如:专功;专道;专贵;专美;专宠;专据使专一;使集中〖concentrate〗不专心致志则不得也。《孟子·告子上》其静也专,其动也直。《易·系辞上》则其读书也必专。清·袁枚《黄生借书说》又如:专必;专专;专愚;专节;专谨;专注独裁,专擅,独断独行〖actwithoutauthorization〗祭仲专,郑伯患之。《左传·桓公十五年》主弱臣强,专制擅权。《汉书》举动自专由。《玉台新咏·古诗为焦仲卿妻作》又奉事循公姥,进止敢自专。又那得自任专。大夫出疆,有可以安社稷、利国家,专之可也。《三国演义》又如:专行胁迁;专权恣虐;专独;有蒋氏者,专其利三世矣。唐·柳宗元《捕蛇者说》鄢氏、费氏自以为王,专祸楚国。《左传》又如:专封;专决;专攻;专许;专刑;专地;专朝;专柄;专威专_zhuān【形】专断〖arbitrary〗专门〖specialized;foraparticularperson,occasion,purpose,etc.〗闻道有先后,术业有专攻。唐·韩愈《师说》又如:专款;专车;专程;专经;专摺明保;专条狭小〖narrow〗独守专室而不出门。《淮南子》满〖full〗专车,满一车。吴曾祺《国语韦解补证》肥厚〖fat〗。如:专肤诚笃〖sincere〗盖其俗朴而专,和而靖。叶适《长溪修学记》专_zhuān【副】全,都〖all〗专听其大臣者,危主也。《管子》很,非常〖very〗其父常以为专愚,几不知马足。《后汉书》仅仅,只〖only〗人材不足专恃,而道术可公行也。《淮南子》又如:专综;专爱专案zhuān"àn〖specialcaseforinvestigation;exemplarycase〗专人始终负责审理的特殊案例或办理的要事专案小组专才zhuāncái〖specialist〗精通某一学科的专门人才今后急需三方面的人才:掌握现代科技的专才,精通经营管理的将才,熟知宏观经济的通才专差zhuānchāi〖specialmission〗∶派作专门差事的差役或送信人〖specialerrand〗∶专门的差事专长zhuāncháng〖speciality;specialskillorknowledge〗独到的学识、技艺;专业本领;特殊才能充分发挥每个人的专长毫无专长专场zhuānchǎng〖showintendedforalimitedaudience〗∶专为特定人员进行的演出场次老人专场〖specialperformance〗∶完全由一类节目组成的演出场次曲艺专场专车zhuānchē〖acarforprivateuse〗∶机关或个人专用的汽车〖specialtrain;specialcar〗∶在正常班次之外专门为某人或某事特别开行的火车或汽车专城zhuānchéng〖thehigh-rankingofficialwhoisinchargeofaprefectue〗指主宰一城的州牧太守一类的地方长官四十专城居。《乐府诗集·陌上桑》专诚zhuānchéng〖foraspecialpurpose;whole-hearted〗诚心诚意;一心一意专诚拜访专程zhuānchéng〖specialtrip〗专门的旅程;特地她专程前来为我送行专电zhuāndiàn〖specialdispatch;specialtelegram〗记者通过电报发回本报社的专稿专断zhuānduàn〖makeanarbitrarydecision;actarbitrarily〗专横地作出决定;武断行事专断使他丧失了理智专攻zhuāngōng〖specializein〗专门从事专攻语言文学专柜zhuānguì〖bar〗商店内以一项或几项独特商品为特色的柜台或售货部帽子专柜专号zhuānhào〖specialissue〗专门报道、论述、研究某一主题的某期报刊打假专号李白研究专号专横zhuānhèng〖imperious;preemptory;domineering;tyranical;arbitary〗专断强横专横的家长专横跋扈zhuānhèng-báhù〖imperiousanddespotic〗专断强暴,任意妄为专机zhuānjī〖specialplane〗∶在正常班机之外专为某人或某事特别飞行的飞机代表团乘专机回国〖privateplane〗∶某人专用的飞机总统专机专家zhuānjiā〖expert;specialist〗在学术、技艺等方面有专门技能或专业知识的人尊重专家的意见专精覃思zhuānjīng-tánsī〖specializedinstudy〗专注于精深博大和全面细致的思索判断专刊zhuānkān〖specialissue〗∶围绕某一特定主题所设的栏目或编辑的特刊亚运会专刊〖monograph〗∶学术性专题研究论文汇编刊物肝癌早期诊断治疗专刊学会专刊专科zhuānkē〖specializedsubject〗∶专门学科专科医生〖trainingschool〗∶专业学校专科毕业专款zhuānkuǎn〖specialfund〗专门用于指定项目的钱款计划生育专款专栏zhuānlán〖specialcolumn〗报纸或杂志上专门登载某类稿件的一部分篇幅专利zhuānlì〖patent〗一项发明创造的首创者所拥有的受保护的独享权益专利局专列zhuānliè〖specialtrain〗专为某人、某事开行的列车总统专列专卖zhuānmài〖monopoly;exclusivepossessionofthetradeinsomecommodity〗某些商品由国家专营机构统一管理和产销,任何个人和单位必须经该机构批准方可生产或经销专控商品烟草专卖局专门zhuānmén〖singlehousehold〗∶独立门户,自成一家。亦指某一门学问专门家〖specially〗∶专一从事某事或研究某门学问专门为儿童写的故事〖special;specialized〗∶专长专门人才专门家zhuānménjiā〖professional〗在一个知识领域内具有充分的权威或实践经验的人,或努力成为专门家的人亦称“内行”专名zhuānmíng〖propername〗指人名、地名、机关团体名之类专区zhuānqū〖prefecture〗由若干县市组成的行政区域,级别仅次于省,并受省一级政府直接领导南通专区专权zhuānquán〖graballthepowers;monopolizepower〗一个人独掌权力,毫无透明度。独裁,不民主。专人zhuānrén〖specially-assignedperson〗相对长期固定的人这项工作已有专人负责专门指派的人我会派专人把文件送来专任zhuānrèn〖full-time;regular〗专门担任她是我们的专任英语教师专擅zhuānshàn〖actwithoutauthorization〗不请示或不经上级批准而擅自行动专神zhuānshén〖beabsorbedin〗精神专注;专心专神于书画堆专题zhuāntí〖specialsubject;specialtopic〗特定的专项论题专题报告会专心zhuānxīn〖beabsorbed;concentrateone"sattention;devotedtosth.wholeheartedly〗用心专一,一心不二专心致志专心研究专心致志zhuānxīn-zhìzhì〖takeone"spreoccupationwith;devotedtosth.wholeheartedly〗用心专一,聚精会神这两个人专心致志地计数专业zhuānyè〖specialfieldofstudy;specializedsubject〗∶高等学校的一个系里或中等专业学校里的学业门类这个系有三个专业〖specializedtradeorprofession;specialline〗∶生产部门的各业务部门专业承包、包干分配zhuānyèchéngbāo,bāogānfēnpèi〖contractforspecialproductionandinterestdistribution〗一些农业和多种经营比较发达、分工分业比较细的乡镇实行联产承包责任制的一种形式。其特点是,在统一经营的基础上,根据农、工、副不同生产项目的不同特点,分别承包到户或组,实行包干分配专业户zhuānyèhù〖specializedhouseholds;houseofspecialtrade〗指我国农村中专门或以主要精力从事某种农副业或其他生产、经营活动的农户或个人养鸡专业户专一zhuānyī〖single-minded;concentrated〗以单一、专注、统一为特征心思专一专意zhuānyì〖onpurpose〗专门;特别我专意为你煮了两个鸡蛋专用zhuānyòng〖foraspecialpurpose〗专门用于;专项使用专用经费专有zhuānyǒu〖proper;exclusive;sole;special〗只属于或只应用于一个人的;指名而不加描写的专有名词专有名称专有名词zhuānyǒumíngcí〖propernoun〗标示一个特定的人或物的名词,不带限定性修饰语,在英语中通常要大写字头亦称专名专员zhuānyuán〖commissioner〗∶专区的主要行政官员,由省、自治区人民政府委派〖assistantdirector〗∶负责专项业务工作的人员商务专员专责zhuānzé〖specificresponsibility〗确定岗位责任,专人负责实行专责定额管理专政zhuānzhèng〖dictatorship〗∶占统治地位的阶级对敌对阶级实行的强力统治专政机关〖autocratic〗∶专权;独揽大权专职zhuānzhí〖specificduty〗专设职务,专人管理专职工会干部专制zhuānzhì〖autocracy〗独断专行专制主义专制zhuānzhì〖autocratic;despotic〗君主独掌政权封建专制统治者专注zhuānzhù〖beabsorbedin;concentrateon〗专心注意;精神贯注心神专注专著zhuānzhù〖monogragh;treatise;specializedpublication〗专题论著犯罪心理学专著出处[①]［qiě］［《__》七也切，上_，清。］［《__》子_切，平_，精。］此；今。苟且。应当。副词。将要。副词。将近，几近。副词。再，又。副词。姑且；暂且。副词。尚且。副词。即，就。副词。岂，难道。副词。犹何。表示反诘。副词。尚；还。连词。连接两个形容词或形容词性词组，约相当于“又又”。连词。连接两个动词，表示两件事同时进行。连词。而且；并且。表递进。连词。还是，或者。表选择。连词。却；但是。表转折。连词。与，及。表并列。连词。若，如果。表假设。连词。即使，纵然。表让步。助词。用在句首，表示提挈，犹夫。通“_”。取，拿。姓。春秋吴有且姚。见《左传·哀公十二年》。[②]［jū］［《__》子_切，平_，精。］多貌。恭敬貌。《诗·周颂·有客》：“有萋有且，敦琢其旅。”毛传：“萋且，敬慎貌。”一说，众盛貌。马瑞辰通释：“萋、且__字，皆以__者之盛且_居同部_近。且且_言裾裾。”《荀子》__注：“裾裾，盛服貌。草之盛曰萋萋，服之盛曰裾裾，人之盛曰萋且，其_一也。”犹俱，都。承籍。助词，用于句末，犹啊。用于人名、地名。如《汉书·高帝纪上》有_且、《地理志上》有且_。通“趄”。通“沮”。见“且2泄”。[③]［zǔ］“祖1”的古字。[④]［cú］［《集_》_租切，平模，_。］通“徂”。往。《诗·郑风·溱洧》：“女曰："_乎！"士曰："既且。"”陆德明释文：“且音徂，往也。”犹存，思念。《诗·郑风·出其东门》：“__如荼，匪我思且。”陆德明释文：“且音徂，《_雅》云：存也。”一说为语助词。见朱熹《集传》。通“粗”。见“且4苴”。【子集上】【一字部】且；康熙笔画：5；页码：页77第07〔古文〕??【__】【集_】【__】_野切【正_】七野切，?音_。借曰之_。【__】且予之_是也。又未定之_。【_·檀弓】曾子曰：祖者，且也。且胡_其不可以反宿。又又也。【_·小雅】君子有酒，多且旨。又此也。【_·周_】匪且有且。【_】非_此_有此稼_之事也。又姑且也。【_·唐_】且以喜_。又_也。【史_·_羽_】范增___曰：若_且_所_。又苟且也。【_子·庚桑楚】老子_南__曰：_物且者，其身不容，焉能容人。【_】且者，姑_物_雷同，而志不在也。又姓。宋且_修，明且?。俗__苴。又通作俎。_牲具。祭祀燕_用之。又【集_】【__】【正_】?子余切，音疽。【_文】_也。又同趄。行不_也。【易·_卦】其行次且。_作_趄。又多貌。【_·大雅】_豆有且。又_蛆亦曰_且。【史_·___】_蛇之神，而殆於_且。又【_雅·_天】六月_且。【郭_】__。或云：一作焦月。六月盛_，故曰焦。又巴且，_【司_相如_】。【史_】作_且，_巴焦。又___。【_·__】士曰_且。【朱_】音疽。__，_乃_狂且，其_只且，匪我思且，椒聊且，曰父母且，_且字皆___。又【集_】【__】【正_】?_租切。_徂同，往也。又【__】七序切，徐去_。恭敬貌。【_·周_】有萋有且。【正字通】《_文》且从几，足有二_。一，地也。象藉於地形。音阻。阻__且__，__皆假借。___用子余切。《__》__且引《_文》_同俎，____，__切所蔽，音同疽，音_相矛盾。又俎本作且，且字借___，故_加半肉作俎以_之。【卷十四】【且部】编号：9422且，[子余切]，_也。从几，足有二_，一其下地也。凡且之_皆从且。

问题一：贝多芬介绍英文 Overview Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) The great German poser in Vienna, one of classical music to send representatives on the development of world music (from the classical period to the Romantic period) plays a vital role, was the world known as the Le Saint. Name: Ludwig van Beethoven (Ludwig van Beethoven) Birthday: December 16, 1770 Constellation: Sagittarius Place of Birth: Rhine River from the French near the city - Bonn Status: German poser, pianist Beethoven December 16, 1770 was born in the Rhine not far from the French town - Bonn. He was born in Mount abra family a musical family. His grandfather called Ludwig, Bonn court orchestra orchestra long, alcoholic father is a tenor singer. His mother was a maid, a cook"s daughter. Beethoven had already exposed his childhood his music talent, the father eager to train him to bee a kind of child prodigy like Mozart, and a violin in his childhood put off at home, or the next day to force the harpsichord practice. The age of eight, he began performing at the concert and try to pose, but he suffered during this period in music education has been very messy and not systematic. 1789 progressive ideology of the bourgeois revolution in France gave him a lot of inspiration, which laid the foundation of his humanistic world Zhang screen. Convinced that human equality, the pursuit of justice and individual freedom, hatred of the feudal autocratic oppression. Whil......>> 问题二：要贝多芬的英文简介 路德维希u30fb凡u30fb贝多芬（Ludwig van Beethoven，1770.12.16―1827.03.26）男，德国作曲家、钢琴家、指挥家。维也纳古典乐派代表人物之一。他一共创作了9首编号交响曲、35首钢琴奏鸣曲（其中后32首带有编号）、10部小提琴奏鸣曲、16首弦乐四重奏、1部歌剧、2部弥撒、1部清唱剧与3部康塔塔，另外还有大量室内乐、艺术歌曲与舞曲。这些作品对音乐发展有著深远影响，因此被尊称为乐圣。 英文简介（与上不同！） Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827), the second-oldest child of the court musician and tenor singer Johann van Beethoven, was born in Bonn. Ludwig"s father drilled him thoroughly with the ambition of showcasing him as a child prodigy. Ludwig gave his first public performance as a pianist when he was eight years old. At the age of eleven he received the necessary systematic training in piano performance and position from Christian Gottlob Neefe, organist and court musician in Bonn. Employed as a musician in Bonn court orchestra since 1787, Beethoven was granted a paid leave of absence in the early part of 1787 to study in Vienna under Mozart. he was soon pelled to return to Bonn, however, and after his mother"s death had to look after the family.In 1792 he chose Vienna as his new residence and took lessons from Haydn, Albrecht *** erger, Schenck and Salieri. By 1795 he had earned a name for himself as a pianist of great fantasy and verve, admired in particular for his brilliant improvisations. Before long he was traveling in the circles of the nobility. They offered Beethoven their patronage, and the poser dedicated his works to them in return. By 1809 his patrons provided him with an annuity which enabled him to live as a freelance poser wi......>> 问题三：贝多芬英文介绍 Ludwig van Beethoven (i/?l?dv? v?n ?be??to?v?n/, /?be?t?ho?v?n/; German: [?lu?tv?? fan ?be?t?ho?fn?]; baptised 17 December 1770[1] C 26 March 1827) was a German poser and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all posers. His best-known positions include 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, 32 piano sonatas, 16 string quartets, his great Mass the Missa solemnis, and one opera, Fidelio.

好！我们新郑在一农村用自己党身份。用自己的土撒在别人家土地上，成他所有，别人说他，他说，党叫干啥就干啥。听党的没错，一亩多地，每年给他1000多元款，就对了吗，他叫孟三保。这就是混进党里的搅屎棍，没人敢告，他是党员。到现在还寑占不放。

拼音：dì部首：巾，部外笔画：6，总笔画：9五笔86：UPMH五笔98：YUPH　仓颉：YBLB笔顺编号：414345252四角号码：00227UniCode：CJK统一汉字 U+5E1D● 帝dìㄉㄧˋ◎ 宗教徒或神话中称宇宙的创造者和主宰者：上～。玉皇大～。◎ 君主：皇～。称～。～制。～王。 [名]帝，德合天地曰帝。(1) (象形。甲骨文字形，象花蒂的全形。上面象花的子房，中间象花萼(花瓣外面的绿片)。下面下垂的象雌雄花蕊。本义：花蒂)(2) 天帝，上帝。宗教或神话中称主宰万物的神。最高的天神。古人想像中宇宙万物的主宰 [the supreme Being]帝，上帝，天之神也。——《字汇》帝命不时。——《诗·大雅·文王》(3) 又在帝左右。兆五帝于四郊。——《周礼·大宗伯》操蛇之神闻之，惧其不已也，告之于帝。——《列子·汤问》(4) 又如：帝乡(传说中天帝居住的仙乡)；帝君(古人对神的尊称)；帝江(传说中的神名。居于“天山”)(5) 君主，皇帝[monarch;emperor]帝，皇天下之号也。——《说文》帝，君也。——《尔雅》帝乙归妹。——《易·泰》安帝雅闻衡善求学。——《后汉书·张衡传》争强为帝。——《战国策·赵策》揣帝无杀瑞意。——《明史·海瑞传》于是益知西后与帝之不相容矣。——清·梁启超《谭嗣同传》(6) 又如：帝王州(帝王居住的地方)；帝世(帝王的世系)；帝储(皇太子)；帝祚(帝位)；帝典(帝王的法制)(7) 天 [sky]。如：帝宫(天宫)；帝青(青天)(8) 帝国主义的简称 [imperialism]。如：反帝反封建斗争帝　dì[动](1) 称帝，为帝 [respect oneself as emperor]陛下承大乱之极，受命而帝，兴明祖宗。——《后汉书》子孙帝王万世之业也。——汉·贾谊《过秦论》(2) 尊奉为帝 [respect as emperor]不敢复言帝秦!——《战国策·赵策三》 帝都dìdū[imperial capital] 帝王所居的城。也叫“帝京”帝俄Dì-E"[tsarist Russia] 指沙俄，即沙皇统治的俄国帝国dìguó(1) [empire] 很大或有殖民地的君主国家罗马帝国(2) 虽没有帝王但向外扩张的国家，有时也称“帝国”指版图一则曰老大帝国。——清·梁启超《饮冰室合集·文集》(3) 比喻机构庞大、实力雄厚的大企业报业帝国金融帝国帝国主义dìguózhǔyì(1) [imperialism]∶指垄断的、寄生的、腐朽的、垂死的资本主义，是资本主义发展的最高和最后阶段(2) [imperialist states]∶指帝国主义国家帝号dìhào[title of an emperor] 帝王的称号帝王dìwáng[emperor]帝国的君主或最高统治者，实行终身制和世袭制昔人愿世世无生帝王家。——清·黄宗羲《原君》帝乡dìxiāng[place where God Lived] 传说中天帝住的地方帝乡不可期。——晋·陶渊明《归去来兮辞》帝业dìyè[emperor"s achievements] 帝王的事业或功业益州险塞，沃野千里，天府之土，高祖因之以成帝业。——《三国志·诸葛亮传》帝制dìzhì[autocratic monarchy] 君主专制政体，以一人担任终身职世袭的国家元首的政体形式，小至有名无实，大至绝对专制帝子dìzǐ[princes and princesses] 帝王的子女

问题一：贝多芬介绍英文 Overview Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) The great German poser in Vienna, one of classical music to send representatives on the development of world music (from the classical period to the Romantic period) plays a vital role, was the world known as the Le Saint. Name: Ludwig van Beethoven (Ludwig van Beethoven) Birthday: December 16, 1770 Constellation: Sagittarius Place of Birth: Rhine River from the French near the city - Bonn Status: German poser, pianist Beethoven December 16, 1770 was born in the Rhine not far from the French town - Bonn. He was born in Mount abra family a musical family. His grandfather called Ludwig, Bonn court orchestra orchestra long, alcoholic father is a tenor singer. His mother was a maid, a cook"s daughter. Beethoven had already exposed his childhood his music talent, the father eager to train him to bee a kind of child prodigy like Mozart, and a violin in his childhood put off at home, or the next day to force the harpsichord practice. The age of eight, he began performing at the concert and try to pose, but he suffered during this period in music education has been very messy and not systematic. 1789 progressive ideology of the bourgeois revolution in France gave him a lot of inspiration, which laid the foundation of his humanistic world Zhang screen. Convinced that human equality, the pursuit of justice and individual freedom, hatred of the feudal autocratic oppression. Whil......>> 问题二：贝多芬的英文名字是什么？ Ludwig van Beethoven 问题三：你认为中国在未来年会进步还是落后？ 20分 贫富两极分化，会导致阶级战争，中国五千年历史如此 问题四：贝多芬悲怆奏鸣曲英文名是什么 piano sonata No.8,pathetiqueop.13 应该是这个 问题五：华为 荣耀 畅玩4x 全网通版能否实现使用联通3g网络和用电信2g通话 能 问题六：贝多芬作品的英文名 月光奏鸣曲(Moonlight Sonata) 2) 第五钢琴协奏曲(皇帝Emperor) 3) 第三交响曲---英雄Symphony No.3(Eroica) 4) 第五交响曲---命运Symphony No.5(Fate) 5) 第六交响曲---田园Symphony No.6(Pastoral) 6) 第九交响曲---合唱Symphony No.9(Choral) 歌曲 - Urians Reise um die Welt 歌曲 - Feuerfab 歌曲 - Mollys Abschied 歌曲 - Das Liedchen von der Ruhe 歌曲 - Marmotte 歌曲 - Das Blümchen Wunderhold 问题七：贝多芬 英文名 路德维希u30fb凡u30fb贝多芬 Ludwig van Beethoven 我初中的英文名字就是贝多芬 问题八：~贝多芬英文资料~（好的加分） Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized December 17, 1770 C March 26, 1827) was a German poser of classical music, who lived predominantly in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven is widely regarded as one of history"s supreme posers, and he produced notable works even after losing his hearing. He was one of the greatest figures in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in music. His reputation has inspired ― and in many cases intimidated ― posers, musicians, and audiences who were to e after him. Among his most widely-recognized works are his Third, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth symphonies (the latter containing the Ode to Joy); Piano Concerto No. 5 (Emperor); a Violin Concerto; the Pathétique, Moonlight, Appassionata, and Hammerklavier piano sonatas; and the bagatelle Für Elise . Contents [hide] * 1 Life and work * 2 Musical style and innovations * 3 Personal beliefs and their musical influence * 4 Beethoven the Romantic? * 5 See also * 6 Media o 6.1 Piano solo o 6.2 Orchestral o 6.3 Chamber * 7 References * 8 External links Life and work For more details on this topic, see Life and work of Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven was born at 515 Bongasse, Bonn, Germany, to Johann van Beethoven (1740C1792); and Magdalena Keverich van Beethoven (1744C1787) in 1770. Many reference works show 16 December as Beethoven"s date of birth, since he was baptized on 17 December and ......>>

著作权归作者所有。 商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。 作者：王王王 链接：http://www.zhihu.com/question/21916729/answer/19748517 来源：知乎 Banksy身上那种博览群书沉淀出的精炼和审时度势的狡黠却并不多见。如果街头艺术家应该由其产生的公众影响力来评价，那么Banksy无疑是杰出的艺术家。 诚然，街头艺术家身上都有叛逆，崇尚自由，无政府主义，个人英雄主义等特质。正是这些对现代资本主义社会略带敌意的气质让普罗大众特别容易把这些街头艺术家神化。Banksy是很cool，但没有大部分人想得那么cool。比如他始终在公众面前隐藏自己的身份，似乎有点神秘地下领袖的感觉。但他是谁，伦敦警察早清楚了。因为他出版书，拍卖作品都要交税。只不过政府没把他当回事罢了。街头艺术家不是精神领袖。街头艺术家中也有Shepard Fairey这种撕破脸皮把自己同行告上法庭。 Banksy 就是涂鸦界的韩寒。恨他的人和迷恋他的人一样多。但正如对他的攻击无法改变他，对他的赞誉也没有让他忘乎所以。不管外界如何评价，Banksy一直做着自己喜欢做的事，他不仅做得很成功，而且还很快乐。

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在HP25%以下的时候，按下DJA即可变身