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典型阅读经典长难句解析析

2023-07-19 20:23:36
TAG: 阅读
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LuckySXyd

1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句,难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定,并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句,一个是(which was)representing… ,另一个是(which was)detached…。

可见,定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构,从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。

[句子翻译] 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。

[翻译技巧] 实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯。所以翻译时遇上定语从句,一定不要机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套。像这样分句较长的情况,把主句和分句拆为两句是比较好的方法。所以这里从“这个阶层”开始另起一句。

2.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large. " comfonable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders" meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

[句子主干]Towns…sprang up…classes who…, and who…

[语法难点]1)有并列从句。分析句子主干很容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构,分句由who…,and who…两个并列结构组成。注意like并不是谓语而是介词短语作定语,真正的主句谓语是sprang of。retire on指“依靠什么而退休(多跟表收入的名词)”。

2)that of drawing dividends 结构中,draw是收取的意思,dividend指红利,that of sth结构是名词性的,that of sth相当于which is结构,目的都是修饰前面的名词。注意后面还有attending…是省略了which were的定语从句,把of sth结构和定语从句交替使用是英语中长难句的惯用手法,目的是避免行文的单调,考生朋友们要注意分辨。

[句子翻译] 像Bournemouth和Eastboune这样的城市兴起了,大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入,在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外的人没有联系,只是分取红利,偶尔参加股东会议,对管理人员发号施令。

[翻译技巧]同样是为了避开定语从句,将主句和分句拆为两句。要注意几个短语的理解。

retire on依靠……退休/have…relation…to与……有关系/up to 达到……的规模

3.Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. ,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. "

[句子主干]Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down…, like a …, considering them as…, in which a…”

[语法难点]有省略。1)like…分句是省略了who 的主语从句中的分句,considering…分句是现在分词引导的状语从句。这个状语从句可以拿到句首,也可以在句尾。一般来说较长的状语从句置于句尾,较短的置于句首,为的是使句子看上去显得简洁一些。

2)like分句中出现了比较多的省略,补全以后是who like a poet who is among the letters…。英语中的从句之所以是难点就是因为大量地省略引导词。

[句子翻译]罗博特u2022富尔顿曾经写道,机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围,像诗人对待字母表中的每个字母一样,把它们作为自己的思路展示,每一个新组合都传送一个新概念。

[翻译技巧]如果严格地翻译,like分句应该译为“像对待字母表中字母的诗人一样”,原因是这个从句修饰的是机械工,应该用诗人来对应,但这样一来,就不符合汉语的表达习惯了。

4.Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.

[句子主干]Some of these causes are reasonable results…, Others are consequences of advances…

[语法难点]主语是some of these causes,实际的主语就是some,不过谓语是单数还是复数则取决于of后面的成分是单数还是复数。being to…是定语从句的分句结构,意为“属于”。

[句子翻译]在这些原因中,有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求,另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然结果。

[翻译技巧]这个翻译比较简单,注意being to的翻译即可。

5.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

[句子主干]This trend began during …, when…,that…

[语法难点]1)有套和从句。这个句子实际上是This trend began.其余的成分都是在起修饰和限定作用。在分析长难句时一定要注意找出句子的主干,关键是确定句子的主语和谓语,只有这样才不会被众多的修饰成分所迷惑。

2)When引导的是时间状语从句。第一个that引导的是修饰conclusion的定语从句,第二个that引导的是修饰demands的定语从句,wants前省略了which,是引导的修饰a government的主语从句。

[句子翻译]这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府下了结论,认为:政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

[翻译技巧]此句中短语较多。

come to the conclusion形成某种结论/make of提出/in detail详细地

6.This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

[句子主干]This seems …done by supporting a certain amount of research not…but…

[语法难点]注意not…but句型,意为“不是……而是……”

[句子翻译]给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持,看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。

[翻译技巧]严格说来,not…but结构应译为“不是……而是……”,但这样就显得罗嗦,所 以译为“与……无关”,但(另一些有关)。a amount of指“数量达到……”。be related to指“与……有关”。

7.However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world"s more fascination and delightful aspects.

[句子主干]However, the world is so made that…systems are …unable to deal with some of the …aspects

[语法难点]so made指“如此构成”,so和后面的that构成so…that结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。be…(un)able to指“可以(或不可以)……”。

[句子翻译]然而,世界就是如此。一般而言,完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。

[翻译技巧]be so made that意为“如…构成”,不符合汉语表达习惯,所以译为“就是如此”。

in principle 总的说来/deal with应付……

8.New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

[句子主干]New forms…as well as new subjects…must arise…as they have in the past, giving rise to…

[语法难点]有并列从句。1)主语较为复杂,为并列结构,分别是new forms和new subjects,中间用as well as连接。

2)as在这里引导了一个介词结构(as they have in the past),have的宾语省略了,其内容与本句主语一致。

3)giving rise to…分句为非限定性定语从句的从句,省略了which are。

[句子翻译]同过去一样,将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象,给完美以新的标准。

[翻译技巧]as well as 和,以及/give rise to给……以机会

9.For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.

[句子主干]For Lolyd Nicks, the NT Rights…means he can get on with living without…

[语法难点]插入成分很多。此句实际上是个简单句,其核心结构为Rights means…,只不过添加了诸多限制结构使句子看起来很复杂。”For Lolyd Nicks”为主句的状语成分,“a 54-years old…cancer”为Lolyd Nicks的同位语。

[句子翻译]对于现年54岁居住在达尔文的的肺癌患者尼克逊来说,这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去,而无须终日担心将要来临的折磨:因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。

[翻译技巧]同位语从句在汉语中很少出现,对同位语从句的处理就把它当作定语从句即可。如此句中就将同位语成分作为前置状语成分的主语的修饰成分即可。haunting fear指“向看到鬼一样恐惧”,表示非常恐惧。

10.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.

[句子主干]Someone…, if…, often had nowhere to turn except…

[语法难点]有省略现象。traveling不是现在分词,而是引导修饰someone的定语从句。if引导的从句中均省略了“主语+be动词”的结构,这样显得句子简洁。

[句子翻译]独自旅行时,如果没有了食物,受伤了或者生病了,通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。

[翻译技巧]直译的话,应该说人们“没有其他地方,只有……”可得到帮助,但这样写的话显得冗长而且费解,这里根据句意,译为“只能向……求助”就比较准确了。“turn”的用法比较灵活,意思很多,这里依据上下文,译为“向……求助”。

11.We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

[句子主干]We live in a society in which…substances is pervasive…

[语法难点]实际是简单句。此句句子虽长,但是结构并不复杂,可以从冒号开始分为两个部分。理解的时候要有意识地把两部分分开,个个击破。in which引导了一个定语从句。该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是are,是因为在这个从句中主语是use,而不是substances,这一点要注意分辨。

[句子翻译] 在我们生活的社会里,物质(药品)被广泛地运用于社交和医疗:服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼,喝酒来应酬,早晨和咖啡来提神,吸烟镇定情绪等。

[翻译技巧]该句冒号以后的内容写得很轻巧,很有文学性,我们翻译的时候也不要强求字字照应,而应该也是比较灵活。如quiet不是“安静”的意思,而是“镇静”的意思。

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2023-07-19 13:10:161

汉译英 英语翻译5?

供参考:1》首先in excess of 这是个短语介词。一个或两个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类构成一个短语,作用相当于一个介词,这就叫做短语介词。短语介词是介词的一种,不能充当句子成分。例如:according to, because of, by means of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of......介词后面是要跟名词或者代词的。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语,如果是人称代词,则要用宾格。在这里看你的第3个问题,这是由what引导的宾语从句。often in excess of what others would say of them,那么短语介词in excess of 后面再加上名词,代词或相当于名词的结构,就组成了介词短语。这是个层层叠加的关系。in excess of---短语介词in excess of a million pounds---介词短语介词短语在句子中充当表语、状语、定语和补语例句:This year"s profits were in excess of a million pounds.这个句子里in excess of a million pounds前有系动词were,明显were和介词短语in excess of a million pounds 组成了系表结构。所以在这里,介词短语in excess of a million pounds在这个句子里充当的是表语的成分。2》say of them, say of的意思是:就......谈看法,对......有某种说法,对......做出评价类似于talk about 的结构例句:He can"t bear to talk about it, even to me.有的动词既可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。当作为不及物动词时,后面跟上不同的介词可以生出好几种不同的意思。这种动词+介词或副词构成短语,表达一种特定的含义,称为短语动词。例如:look for寻找, look into调查, look after照顾,of并不是只有“的”意思,of 在句中可以表示“属于关系”, 表示“关于”,表示“同位关系”,表示“因为,由于”。例如:the hat of Xiaoming, 这里是表示属于关系,这帽子是小明的,你可以理解为“的”say of them,这里是表示“关于”,是评价有关于他们的......,和他们相关的,而不是从属关系a map of UK,这里也是表示“关于”,一份关于英国的地图,但这地图是我买的,是从属于我个人的,虽然是关于英国的,但并不属于英国。They live in the city of Dalian. 这里是表示“同位关系”,他们住的这个城市就是大连,=大连,是同位关系。4》如果你写成Men of letters sometimes despise themselves more than others do.是不可以的,原句的意思本来就很绕,你这里写成others do, 别人可能会理解成“别人贬低自己,文人墨客比他们更贬低自己,到最后都变成了自我贬低,文中比较的成分就发生变化了。原文中文人墨客贬低的对象是他们自己,others别人评价谈看法的对象也是文人墨客,但在你改的句子里表达的对象就很不清楚了。more than相当于一个形容词或副词短语,在句中作定语或状语,修饰后面的动词,副词,数词或名词,可以引导比较状语从句。5》the ruins are like a magnetic fields, (with one pole of representing ancient times, another pole representing modern times,) where the compass of soul is strongly induced?1.数量是两个的时候,是one......the other, 不是one......another2.去掉of,在这里没用3.representing 出现两次,有些累赘重复,参考译文更为精炼。4.在你截选的图片里,我看不到中文原文,不知道你的选词是否合适。(参考图片里的译文)生活中我们会说“受磁场的干扰之类的”,“磁场"是induce这个动作的主语,你加了where改成了非限制性定语从句,把magnetic field变成了“在这个磁场里面”。这样induce的动作发出者就不知道是谁了,看不到中文原文,不好做出判断。
2023-07-19 13:10:301

The competition attracted over 15 contestants _______(represent) 8 different countries.

representing,现在分词作定语。
2023-07-19 13:10:392

representive什么意思

representiven.代表; 形近词:representingrepresention双语例句1The automatic mesh generating principle and its algorithm are obtained successfully for some representive three dimensional finite element problems.成功地获得了一些具有应用代表性的三维板壳和块体结构有限元计算网格的自动划分原理和算法。
2023-07-19 13:10:591

representive什么意思

representiven.代表; 形近词:representingrepresention双语例句1The automatic mesh generating principle and its algorithm are obtained successfully for some representive three dimensional finite element problems.成功地获得了一些具有应用代表性的三维板壳和块体结构有限元计算网格的自动划分原理和算法。2The classification is according to the difference of adaption models and followed the analysis of representive edition of each category.主要是根据改编模式的不同将《安娜·卡列尼娜》的电影改编版本进行分类并就每一类的代表版本进行分析。
2023-07-19 13:11:192

英语问题

A A C
2023-07-19 13:11:363

representtodoing

C 考查动名词短语做主语。本题是动名词复合结构在句中做主语。动名词复合结构one"s doing/one(宾格)doing.做主语时,只能用one"s doing.句意:王峰在英语演讲比赛中代表中国证明是一件成功的事情。
2023-07-19 13:12:081

英语语法,一个句子里两个并列的独立主格可以省略吗?请看描述

The red light representing danger,the green light safty, this signal system is quite simple.是这样的吗?我觉得理论上可以,但一时找不到实际的例句。中间要不要加and存疑。仅供参考吧。
2023-07-19 13:12:183

[英语]presentation和representation有什么区别?

报告
2023-07-19 13:12:284

stand for 与 represent区别

Stand for / represent 1.represent 多用来指实体代表;represent的词义比较多,他也有象征的意思,但是不如symbolize的意义强烈,这个词的主要意思有:1) 文章、图画等表现......如:The picture represents a hunting scene.2)作为某人的代理人或代表(尤用于被动语态),2. stand for 用法上与其他词最大的不同时,他不用于被动语态。他的意思比较具体化:1) 特别只应为某个字母,缩写代表什么,比如: What does NATO stand for? 2)表示对某事物的支持、赞成,其实就是说站在某一方支持的意思。如:I will not stand for your idea.3.symbolize的意思是作为某物的符号,象征。因为symbol是标志、符号的意思,所以symbolize尤其只某种符号和标志象征某物的意思。4.indicate 最基本的意思是指示、标示。他表示象征意思的时候是暗示的意思,也就是说不是明显地象征,比如:A red sky at night indicates fine weather. The minister has indicated that he may resign next year. 都是暗示的意思,不是明示。5. on behalf of常用在美语中,可以代表个人、一群人(有时是因为某人缺席等,不是作为领头的意思)
2023-07-19 13:12:381

英语翻译

Red represents enthusiasm, Blue expresses desolation, Purple is the combo which draws calmness.自己翻译的
2023-07-19 13:12:587

representing是什么意思

representing代表双语对照词典结果:representingv.表现( represent的现在分词 ); 代表; 体现; 作为…的代表; It"d be like representing yourself in a car accident. 就像你在一场车祸中代表自己那样。
2023-07-19 13:13:301

represent是什么意思

represent 英 [reprzent] 美 [reprzent] v.代表;作为…的代言人;维护…的利益;等于;相当于;意味着 第三人称单数: represents 现在分词: representing 过去式: represented 过去分词: represented 扩展资料 This study represents a major expenditure of time and effort. 这项研究意味着要耗费大量的时间和精力。 This model represents the best compromise between price and quality. 这种型号是价格和质量间的最佳折中方案。 This represents a reduction of 5% in real terms. 这相当于实际减少了5%。
2023-07-19 13:13:391

represent的ion形式

representationrepresent 英[u02ccrepru026au02c8zent]美[u02ccrepru026au02c8zent]vt. 代表; 作为…的代言人; 维护…的利益; 等于; 相当于; 意味着; 成为…实例; 作为…的象征; 展示; (尤指不公平地)展现,描述,表现; 正式提出(意见、抗议等);第三人称单数:represents 现在分词:representing 过去式:represented 过去分词:represented
2023-07-19 13:14:141

这英文代表怎么意思

什么英文代表什么,没看到呢。
2023-07-19 13:14:383

[A] regarding[B] reflecting[C] revealing[D] representing

【答案】:B29.B【精析】本题考查上下文的语义衔接。regard把…看作;reflect反映;reveal揭示;represent代表。thebelief应该是“反映”人们对本科学历的期望。故选B。
2023-07-19 13:15:261

represent是什么意思

represent[英][u02ccrepru026au02c8zent][美][u02ccru025bpru026au02c8zu025bnt]vt.表现,象征; 代表,代理; 扮演; 作为示范; vi.代表; 提出异议; 第三人称单数:represents过去分词:represented现在进行时:representing过去式:represented例句:1.Such releases don"t represent actual business growth. 这些资金并不代表实际的业务增长。
2023-07-19 13:16:101

represent怎么读 represent英语怎么读

1、英[u02ccrepru026au02c8zent]美[u02ccrepru026au02c8zent] 2、vt.代表; 作为…的代言人; 维护…的利益; 等于; 相当于; 意味着; 成为…实例; 作为…的象征; 展示; (尤指不公平地)展现,描述,表现; 正式提出(意见、抗议等); 3、[例句]What do the shaded areas on the map represent?地图上颜色深的部分代表什么? 4、[其他]第三人称单数:represents 现在分词:representing 过去式:represented 过去分词:represented
2023-07-19 13:16:171

each representing a lunar year,为什么要用ing?

没有语境,不好判断,但估计应该是补语,或者从句
2023-07-19 13:16:253

represent单词的各种形式

represent [英][u02ccrepru026a"zent][美][u02ccru025bpru026au02c8zu025bnt] vt.表现,象征; 代表,代理; 扮演; 作为示范; vi.代表; 提出异议; 第三人称单数:represents过去分词:represented现在进行时:representing过去式:represented
2023-07-19 13:16:341

reppin是什么意思

Reppin" 是representing 的俚语
2023-07-19 13:16:411

represent our school

一句中只能存在一个动词,meet,为谓语动词,由于是I(我)代表,之间是主动关系,representing的动词ing形式表示现在分词作状语. ..
2023-07-19 13:16:501

Yesterday,another student and I,representing our universitys student

representing是分词作定语,修饰主语another student and I
2023-07-19 13:17:151

两会 翻译成英语

Two meetings: Convention of National People"s Congress and shorter form of convention of Political Consultative Conference. Referring to is National People"s Congress and Chinese People"s Political Consultative Conference , 3 months may successively convene the plenary meeting once "liang" every year , every 5 years is called one session, convention calls X session of X every year time of convention. "Two significance that can convene " depend on information and call for that can can be hit by on behalf of from the people "go along collects two" and arranges , communicate to the Central Committee of the Party, "two one kind of benefit that can be to be representing the extensive constituency on behalf of ", be representing a constituency during the period of convening two meetings, the department concerned brings forward constituency to the government self idea and call for.
2023-07-19 13:17:234

what do pomelos represent?

what do pomelos represent?意思是:柚子代表什么?pomelos[ˈpɔmiləuz] n. 柚子,文旦( pomelo的名词复数 );represent英 [ˌreprɪˈzent] 美 [ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt] vt. 表现,象征; 代表,代理; 扮演; 作为示范vi. 代表; 提出异议;过去式: represented 过去分词: represented 现在分词: representing 第三人称单数: represents
2023-07-19 13:17:301

represent 怎么造句子

We must represent our determination.我们必须表明我们的决心 及物动词 vt. 1.描绘,(抽象地)表现This picture represents a scene at King Arthur"s court. 这幅画描绘了亚瑟王法庭的一个场面。 2.象征;表示The dove represents peace. 鸽子象征和平。 3.作为...的代表They said that they represented the committee. 他们说他们代表该委员会。 4.有代表;有代表作[H]All the different races of the country were represented at the parade. 游行中有该国各种族的代表。 The museum had several paintings representing the artist"s early style. 博物馆中有几幅画家早期风格的代表作。 5.意味着;相当于[W]6.声称[(+as)][O2]He represented the plan as practical. 他声称计划切实可行。 7.陈述;诉说,抗议说[(+to)]8.扮演;演出Each child will represent an animal at the party. 聚会时,每个孩子将扮演一种动物。 9.想像;回想
2023-07-19 13:17:391

on behalf of 和 repersent 有区别吗

意思相同,用法不同,一个是介词短语,一个是动词。例句:He represents the US company. He is on behalf of the US company. 意思都是,他是美方公司的代表。
2023-07-19 13:17:471

英语长难句中出现多个介词和从句时,该怎么判断翻译的次序?例如:The story started

故事开始于科威特航空公司的律师1991年时在英国法庭向伊拉克及其国有的伊拉克航空公司以1990-91海湾战争期间非法占有飞行器和飞行器部件为名发出的商业索赔。
2023-07-19 13:17:573

英语翻译

1. Representing the whole class, my mother delivered a speech at the meeting.2. I"ll introduce my new friend to my parents.3. Speaking and laughing, the students walked into the classroom .4. We waited in the classroom for the teacher to give a class.5. Children are curious about things around them.6. He is quite likely to pass the entrance exam to college.7. How about playing basketball?8. I felt so bored as he spoke for too long.9. In general, boys like sports.10. He intended to ask me to watch TV with him.
2023-07-19 13:18:074

代表什么去做什么 英语 represent

What to do??????什么去做什么
2023-07-19 13:18:233

问几个英语翻译

I"m only going a few blocks. Yet 80 percent of accidents happen at speeds or less that 25 miles per hour, 75 percent happen within 25 miles of home.我只去几个块。 事故的80%发生以速度或那25英哩每小时, 75%发生在25英哩家内。Unless states representing除非状态代表
2023-07-19 13:18:303