高分求高人帮我翻译~~很急

问题一：信息化的英文怎么说阿 信息化用作名词是：Informationization 例如：Informationization brings higher efficiency of the enterprises. 信息化使企业效率提高了。 用作动词是：Informationize 例如：xx pany infomationized the related data and they found something must be changed. 某公司通过信息化的数据处理发现，有些问题已经到了非解决不可的地步了。 问题二：信息化的英文翻译是什么？？ 信息化是指培育、发展以智能化工具为代表的新的生产力并使之造福于社会的历史过程。智能工具一般必须具备信息获取、信息传递、信息处理、信息再生和信息利用的功能。智能工具一般必须具备信息获取、信息传递、信息处理、信息再生和信息利用的功能。 完整的信息化内涵包括： 1)、信息网络体系：它是大量信息资源、各种专用信息系统及其公用通信网络和信息平台的总称。 2)、信息产业基础：即信息科学技术的研究、开发、信息装备的制造，软件开发与利用，各类信息系统的集成及信息服务； 3)、社会支持环境：即现代工农业生产，以及管理体制、政策法律、规章制度、文化教育、道德观念等生产关系和上层建筑； 4)、效用积累过程：即劳动者素质、国家的现代化水平和人们生活质量不断得到提高，精神文明和物质文明不断获得进步。 问题三：“企业信息化”英文怎么说？ 楼上在说什么啊``信息化```应该是informatization``` 所订```总体就是 enterprise informatization 问题四：政务信息化的英文怎么说 government informationization E-government is an important part of government informationization and a specific realization form of government informationization governance, which is important for enhancing the governing effectiveness, promoting democratic participation of the public in the governance and enhancing the legitimacy of the government. However, as the history of e-government construction is not long in China, there also exist some deficiencies or areas to be improved in its advancement of government informationization governance. So it is needed to strengthen e-government construction and perfect informationization governance. Shanghai is a major modern metropolis in China, and *** ysis on the problems and responding measures in its e-government construction is of typically exemplary importance to the promotion of government informationization governance in the whole china. 问题五：信息化的英文是什么 informationization 因为大家都知道“工业化”是industrialization,信息化一样的。 问题六：”信息化”和”智能化”用英语应该怎么表达？ 信息化: informatization 智能化: intelligentize (应该弧这样才对) 问题七：随着社会信息化的的发展。用英语怎么翻译 with the Information Technology improving 问题八：信息化用英语怎么说? informationization 问题九：“企业信息化”英文怎么说 Enterprise Information Management System enterprise 也可以换成 corporate 都可以 ：） 我学过这门课哎 呵呵^^

informationization因为大家都知道“工业化”是industrialization,信息化一样的。

信息化用作名词是：Informationization 例如：Informationization brings higher efficiency of the enterprises.信息化使企业效率提高了. 用作动词是：Informationize 例如：xx company infomationized the related data and they found something must be changed. 某公司通过信息化的数据处理发现,有些问题已经到了非解决不可的地步了.

“信息化”(informationization)一词最早于20世纪60年代出现在日本的一些学术文献中，当时对“信息化”这一概念主要是从产业角度进行阐述和界定的。20世纪70年代，德国、欧共体和联合国教科文组织等国家及国际组织先后出台了一系列推动信息技术在社会中应用和发展的规划，这些规划都把信息基础设施作为重要一环。1993年9月，美国克林顿政府正式提出建设“国家信息基础设施”(National Information Infrastructure，简称NII)，俗称“信息高速公路”(Information Superhighway)计划，其核心是发展以Internet为核心的综合化信息服务体系和推进信息技术(Information Techno1ogy，简称IT)在社会各领域的广泛应用。在其带动之下，许多发达国家和发展中国家相继出台了一系列国家信息基础设施建设规划，从而带动了全球信息化建设的浪潮。教育信息化的概念是在20世纪90年代伴随着信息高速公路的兴建而提出的。在美国的“信息高速公路”计划中，特别把IT在教育中的应用作为实施面向21世纪教育改革的重要途径，美国的这一举动引起了世界各国的积极反应，许多国家的政府相继制定了推进本国IT在教育中应用的计划。中国自20世纪90年代末开始，随着网络技术的迅速普及，整个社会的发展与信息技术的关系越来越密切，人们越来越关注信息技术对社会发展的影响，“社会信息化”的提法开始出现，联系到教育改革和发展，“教育信息化”的提法也开始出现了。政府的各种文件已经正式使用“教育信息化”这一概念，并高度重视教育信息化的工作。

狭义的信息资源：是指信息本身或信息内容。即经过加工处理，对决策有用的数据。广义的信息资源：,是指信息活动中各种要素的总称。包括：1.信息及其载体;2.信息采集,传输,加工,存储的各类硬件和软件;3.制造上述硬、软件的关键设施;4.信息采集、传输、加工、存储、利用的各种方法、技术、标准、规范、规章制度、政策、法规;5.从事信息采集、传输、加工、存储、利用的技术与管理人员。

In today"s world, education is experiencing a major change, this reform is one of the key characteristics of education informationization. For China"s such a large population, resources and uneven distribution of the developing countries, make full use of modern education technology advantage. In education informationization to promote education modernization and education great-leap-forward development, more strategic significance. At present, in the multimedia and network for outstanding representatives of the modern information technology, in history in the classroom teaching with traditional history teaching methods and incomparable advantage. Application of multimedia technology in teaching in, can stimulate and strengthening students" learning interest and enthusiasm, To break through the key points and difficulties to deepen the understanding of history, Can broaden education channel, strong ?好的

With the computer network and the emergence of the computer has gradually into these people"s lives. With the development of the information industry, information technology education in the 21st century has become an indispensable part. However, the multimedia courseware development and model information and education inextricably linked

Summary : In today"s world, the rapid development in information technology, the rapid pace of information technology, the world is facing informationization, the two major trends of globalization. In advanced science and technology and information technology to the developed countries, the emergence of the knowledge economy and the wave, to the traditional economic management and economic management theory brought many new situations and new issues. Information infrastructure upgrading and development of information technology, the knowledge of the production storage, sharing and use of more technically feasible and economically more viable economic activities of the various elements, the combination would be more reasonable and more effective, enterprise competition between economic management focused on knowledge, information, science and technology complexes -- knowledge-based talent, and economic management of the various elements of high-quality personnel management in the final analysis, the management -- the knowledge of staff management, knowledge management staff is critical to the success of enterprises. Refers to the knowledge workers in an enterprise organizations created by the wisdom of the value of their work is higher than the value created by the staff. To achieve open enterprise knowledge and provide new avenues of hidden knowledge sharing. Knowledge management for enterprise information processing capacity combined with the innovative capacity of the staff. Information management staff knowledge-based economic era is the core of the enterprise management, the economic condition of the times, information knowledge, the present knowledge-based staff management should belong to the era of the information economy management. Internet : knowledge management knowledge of human resources staff incentive mechanism 我只有这个能力了

计算机系统集成都包含什么内容？税务局核定的税率是17%还是6%？ 根据《 财政部 国家税务总局关于在全国开展交通运输业和部分现代服务业营业税改征增值税试点税收政策的通知 》财税（2013）37号文件精神，附件2：《 应税服务范围注释》规定： 信息系统服务，是指提供信息系统集成、网络管理、桌面管理与维护、信息系统应用、基础信息技术管理平台整合、信息技术基础设施管理、数据中心、托管中心、安全服务的业务行为。包括网站对非自有的网络游戏提供的网络运营服务。 财税（2013）37号文件明确，现代服务业-信息技术服务-信息系统服务，一般纳税人增值税税率6%；小规模纳税人增值税征收率3% IT相关的经营资质“计算机系统服务”是否“包含计算机系统集成”。 这样理解：计算信息系统集成包括计算机系统服务，信息系统集成软件和技术服务包括咨询设计、软件开发、系统集成、运行维护（包括运行维护、数据处理、运营维护）。貌似目前没听说有计算机系统服务资质，只有计算机信息系统集成资质和计算机信息安全服务资质，目前新增计算机信息系统运维服务资质。如有其他问题，可站内短信我咯。 什么是计算机系统集成 系统集成 随着计算机技术、信息技术的飞速发展和广泛应用，智能控制技术取得了巨大的进展，智能建筑中央集成系统逐渐成为智能大厦的技术核心。它将建筑内各弱电子系统集成在一个计算机网络平台上，从而实现子系统间信息、资源和任务共享。它将为业主提供一个高效、便利、可靠的管理手段，给使用者提供全面、高质、安全、舒适的综合服务。 系统集成，又称系统功能集成，就是将建筑物的若干个既相对独立又相互关联的系统组成具有一定规模的大系统的过程，这个大系统不是各个子系统的简单堆积，而是借助于建筑物自动化系统和综合布线网络系统把现有的分离的设备、功能、信息组合到一个相互关联的、统一的、协调的系统之中，从而能够把先进的高技术成果，巧妙灵活地运用到现有的智能建筑系统中，以充分发挥其更大的作用和潜力。它强调先进的自动化控制模式；标准的开放网络协议与通讯模式、系统和设备之间的互操作性；系统的多级联动的实现；数据处理和集中信息管理等。 详细内容 >> 计算机系统集成包括弱电系统集成吗？ 弱电是指现行的建筑智能化，隶属建设部管理，而计算机系统集成则是工信部管理，但系统集成工程中也常有弱点事宜，譬如安装调试、项目设计等。弱电项目中的有关软件部分，包括软件的安装、调试、维护及数据处理等则可算是系统集成的部分。 什么是计算机系统集成？有的公司从事计算机系统集成，主要做哪些方面的事？ 计算机系统集成是为加强计算机信息系统集成市场的规范化管理，促进计算机信息系统集成企业能力和水平的不断提高，确保各应用领域计算机系统工程质量，信息产业部从2000年开始建立计算机信息系统集成资质管理制度，制定并发布了《计算机信息系统集成资质管理办法》。 公司从事计算机系统集主要做综合布线，安防监控，机房装修，电子政务建设。 计算机系统集成项目经理 我已经是项目经理了，关系可转出，目前社保停缴状态主，QQ 898092038 信息化系统集成是不是就是计算机系统集成?? 不一样。概念上就有差别。信息化系统是集成各种数据，对各种信息进行收集整理再处理存储的一个多种信息集合，范围比计算机系统更广。计算机系统集成可以说是一部分吧 计算机系统集成英文翻译 计算机系统集成 Computer system integration 软件开发、上网行为管理、数据文档安全及加密 Sofare development, Inter behavior management, data document security and encryption 计算机/安防系统集成、 信息化外包服务及培训 Computer/security system integration, informationization outsourcing service and training 成都的计算机系统集成费是开什么发票的增值？普通? !一般纳税人17%，小规模纳税人3% . 计算机系统集成资质 是什么资质类型 计算机信息系统集成的资质是指企业从事计算机信息系统集成的综合能力，包括技术水平、管理水平、服务水平、质量保证能力、技术装备、系统建设质量、人员构成与素质、经营业绩、资产状况等要素，共分四个等级： 一级：具有独立承担国家级、省（部）级、行业级、地（市）级（及其以下）、大、中、小型 企业级等各类计算机信息系统建设的能力。 二级：具有独立承担省（部）级、行业级、地（市）级（及其以下）、大、中、小型企业级或 合作承担国家级的计算机信息系统建设的能力。 三级：具有独立承担中、小型企业级或合作承担大型企业级（或相当规模）的计算机信息系统 建设的能力。 四级：具有独立承担小型企业级或合作承担中型企业级（或相当规模）的计算机信息系统建设 的能力。

The ever-advancing science and technology and ever-deepening informationization have demonstrated tremendous force to push forward economic development by increasing productivity and economic efficiency dramatically.不断进步的科学和技术以及不断普及的信息化进程通过显著地提升生产力和经济效益, 在推动经济建设的方向上发挥着（展现出）巨大的推动力。have demonstrated， 展现出 = have shown

With the development of economic globalization and market competition intensifies, many enterprises to accelerate the pace of information technology, to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Enterprises in the implementation of the accounting information, accounting functions by business accounting model to management change, the accounting data processing speed, accounting accuracy and reliability is greatly improved, and reduces the carelessness and calculation errors caused by the error, to enterprises had brought great enhancement of management and economic benefits. However, information technology has changed the enterprise internal control goal, but the enterprise interior the transformation to the traditional internal control points, control methods have had a great impact, such as accounting information timely and centralized data processing mode so that the traditional control mode failure; accounting information system internal control range expansion, internal control key change accounting information; enterprise internal control means and technology changed; accounting information openness on the enterprise internal control risk. All this makes the enterprise"s internal control becomes more complex, the article from the analysis of information technology in enterprises under the circumstances of the new characteristics of internal control under accounting informationization, to how to establish the internal control system is discussed in this paper. Only conform to the development trend of accounting information, the establishment and improvement of enterprise internal control system, in order to give full play to the efficiency and accuracy of accounting information, for business decision-making provide complete information, create higher efficiency.

With education at all levels of the increasing size of the traditional educational information management method not only waste a lot of manpower, material, and can not meet the needs of practical applications. Integration of information management science and computer technology as an integrated information system has become an indispensable part of teaching units.This paper describes the development of a process of educational management system, describes its design, the key modules of which are introduced in detail, and suggestions for improvement direction. System in accordance with the theory of software engineering methods and specifications, combined with the development of object-oriented thinking. System to Visual C # interface development tools for the front, Ms SQL Server 2005 database support for the background, so that both intuitive and friendly user interface, stability, performance, and give full play to the power of intelligent systems. The system is based on Windows platform, with teachers, administrators, students of three modules. Implements the user group information, input, modify, delete, publish various kinds of information and report generation features such as print output, the basic realization of the information technology and automation. Users can directly access the network operating under the purview of the information.The test analysis, the system has basically reached the intended target. System can also be applied to other organs and cause of factories and mines.

中央处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit) 计算机辅助设计 CAD(Computer-Aided Design) 互联网普及率 Internet Penetration 网民 Cyber Citizen 网络犯罪 Cyber Crime 网络城市, 虚拟城市 Cyber City 数字鸿沟 Digital Divide 智能学校 Smart Schools 多功能卡 Multipurpose Card 软件开发 Software Development 内容开发 Content Development 数字化商业 Digital Business 信息化 Informationization, Network-based Information Flow 软件包 Software Packages 申请注册域名 Domain Name Application and Registration 虚拟空间 Virtual Space 局域网 Intranet 脑图 Mind Map 便携式电脑 Portable Computer; Laptop; Notebook Computer 个人数字助理 PDA---Personal Digital Assistant 掌上电脑 Palm Computer 路由器 Router 网络管理员 Network Administrator 网络经济 Cyber Economy 以太网 Ethernet 服务提供者 ISP-Internet Service Provider 网络计算机 NC: Network Computer 多媒体个人电脑 MPC: Multimedia Personal Computer 多媒体扩展 MMX: 是MultiMedia eXtensions 兆赫 MHz Mega Hertz 视频图形阵列 VGA:Video Graphics Array 三维摄影室 3D Studio: Three Dimension Studio 虚拟现实 VR：Virtual Reality 原始设备制造商 OEM：Original Equipment Manufacturer 即插即用 PNP：Plug and Play 乐器数字接口 MIDI：Musical Instrument Digital Interface 运动图像专家组 MPEG:Motion Picture Experts Group 域名 Domain Name 拨号连接 Dial-up Connection

【 #四六级考试# 导语】成功=时间+方法，自制力是这个等式的保障。世上无天才，高手都是来自刻苦的练习。而大家往往只看到“牛人”闪耀的成绩，忽视其成绩背后无比寂寞的勤奋。以下为“2021年6月英语四级翻译常考话题词汇三篇”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注 ！ 【篇一】2021年6月英语四级翻译常考话题词汇 　　1、勤奋Diligence 　　2、耐心Patience 　　3、成功Success 　　4、机遇Opportunity 　　5、挑战Challenge 　　6、勤俭节约Thrifty 　　7、创新Innovation 　　8、拼搏精神The Determined Spirit 　　9、奉献精神The Dedication Spirit 　　10、自信Self-Confidence 　　11、诚实Honesty 　　12、谦虚Modesty 　　13、奋斗Strive 　　14、团队精神&合作Teamwork Spirit &Cooperation 　　15、竞争Competition 　　16、实事求是seek truth from facts 　　17、社会公德Public Morality 　　18、礼貌Politeness 　　19、提高个人修养Shaping the Morality 　　20、爱心Love 　　21、责任Responsibility 　　22、美丽Beauty 　　23、理解、谅解Understanding 　　24、和谐社会Harmonious Society 　　25、打好基础的重要性The Importance of Fundamentals/Basic Skills 　　26、可持续发展Sustainable Development 　　27、美德Virtue 　　28、谨慎Prudence 　　29、尊老爱幼Respect the Old and Care for the Young 　　30、仁义道德Virtue and Morality 　　31、挫折与坎坷Twists and Turns 　　32、逆境Setback 　　33、成功无捷径There Is No Shortcut to Success 　　34、终身学习Life-Long Study 　　35、从小事做起Start from Small Details 　　36、人生处处面临选择We Are Always Faced Various Choices 　　37、幽默感A Sense of Humor 　　38、沟通Communication 　　39、身心健康Physical and Mental Health 　　40、捐献Donation 　　41、人才的素质The Qualities of the Talents 　　42、业余爱好Hobbies 　　43、爱国主义Patriotism 　　44、感谢对手Expressing Thanks to Our Rivals 　　45、欣赏Appreciation 　　46、关爱True Love 　　47、信念Conviction 　　48、奉献 Contributions 　　49、梦想 Ambitions 　　50、希望 Hope 【篇二】2021年6月英语四级翻译常考话题词汇 　　1、网络世界cyber world 　　2、网络文化cyber culture 　　3、网络犯罪cyber crime 　　4、网上购物 online shopping 　　5、高产优质 high yield and high quality 　　6、高科技园 high-tech park 　　7、工业园区 industrial park 　　8、火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology) 　　9、信息港info port 　　10、信息革命 information revolution 　　11、电子货币e-currency 　　12、人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI) 　　13、生物技术 bio-technology 　　14、克隆 cloning 　　15、基因工程 genetic engineering 　　16、转基因食品 genetically modified food (GM food) 　　17、试管婴儿 test-tube baby 　　18、基因突变 genetic mutation 　　19、网络出版e-publishing 　　20、三维电影 three-dimensional movie 　　21、光谷 optical valley 　　22、虚拟银行virtual bank 　　23、信息化 informationization 　　24、信息高速公路 information superhighway 　　25、新兴学科 new branch of science; emerging discipline 　　26、纳米 nanometer 　　27、个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA) 　　28、生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture 　　29、技术密集产品 technology-intensive product 　　30、数码科技 digital technology 　　31、同步卫星 geostationary satellite 　　32、神舟五号载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou V 　　33、风云二号气象卫星 Fengyun II meteorological satellite 　　34、登月舱 lunar module 　　35、多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite (SMMS) 　　36、多媒体短信服务 Multimedia Messaging Service ( MMS) 　　37、电子商务 e-business; e-commerce 　　38、电子管理e-management 　　39、办公自动化 Office Automation (OA) 　　40、信息高地 information highland 　　41、信息检索 information retrieval 　　42、电话会议 teleconference 　　43、无土栽培 soilless cultivation 　　44、超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice 　　45、科技发展 scientific and technological advancement 【篇三】2021年6月英语四级翻译常考话题词汇 　　1、京剧 Peking opera 　　2、昆曲 Kunqu opera 　　3、中国画 traditional Chinese painting 　　4、人物画 portrait 　　5、秦腔 Qin opera 　　6、功夫Kungfo 　　7、太极Tai Chi 　　8、口 技 ventriloquism 　　9、木偶戏puppet show 　　10、皮影戏 shadow play 　　11、折子戏 opera highlights 　　12、杂技 acrobatics 　　13、相声 witty dialogue comedy 　　14、刺绣 embroidery 　　15、苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 　　16、泥人 clay figure 　　17、书法 calligraphy 　　18、中国画 traditional Chinese painting 　　19、水墨画 Chinese brush painting 　　20、中国结 Chinese knot 　　21、山水 landscape painting 　　22、花鸟 flower and bird 　　23、草虫 grass and insect 　　24、泼墨 paint-splashing style 　　25、写意 impressionistic style 　　26、工笔 elaborate style 　　27、毛笔 writing brush 　　28、书法 calligraphic art 　　29、书法家 calligraphic artist 　　30、楷体 formal s cript/regular scr ipt

一般是没有license导致的，安装license就会出现其他模块了。

Together with the fast development of the science and technology,Information technology based on telecommunication,computer and management control develops very fast,which changed our our life style,and it also caused great influence to the development of the componies.Innovation for managemnt [1]is to realize the base for enterprise informationization,informationization need plenty of base management works,which is what our companies lack.This essay start with the competition advantage brought by information technology,and consider enterprise management as footstone,and make use of informationization matching and moving management innovation to creat competing advantage for enterprises.At last,make simple discussion on basic steps and questions of enterprise informationzation. Key words ：informationization；advantage；enterprise management；management innovation

高科技类的英语四级翻译高频词汇 　　1、网络世界cyber world 　　2、网络文化cyber culture 　　3、网络犯罪cyber crime 　　4、网上购物 online shopping 　　5、高产优质 high yield and high quality 　　6、高科技园 high-tech park 　　7、工业园区 industrial park 　　8、火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology) 　　9、信息港info port 　　10、信息革命 information revolution 　　11、电子货币e-currency 　　12、人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI) 　　13、生物技术 bio-technology 　　14、克隆 cloning 　　15、基因工程 genetic engineering 　　16、转基因食品 genetically modified food (GM food) 　　17、试管婴儿 test-tube baby 　　18、基因突变 genetic mutation 　　19、网络出版e-publishing 　　20、三维电影 three-dimensional movie 　　21、光谷 optical valley 　　22、虚拟银行virtual bank 　　23、信息化 informationization 　　24、信息高速公路 information superhighway 　　25、新兴学科 new branch of science; emerging discipline 　　26、纳米 nanometer 　　27、个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA) 　　28、生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture 　　29、技术密集产品 technology-intensive product 　　30、数码科技 digital technology 　　31、同步卫星 geostationary satellite 　　32、神舟五号载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou V 　　33、风云二号气象卫星 Fengyun II meteorological satellite 　　34、登月舱 lunar module 　　35、多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite (SMMS) 　　36、多媒体短信服务 Multimedia Messaging Service ( MMS) 　　37、电子商务 e-business; e-commerce 　　38、电子管理e-management 　　39、办公自动化 Office Automation (OA) 　　40、信息高地 information highland 　　41、信息检索 information retrieval 　　42、电话会议 teleconference 　　43、无土栽培 soilless cultivation 　　44、超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice 　　45、科技发展 scientific and technological advancement 　　46、重点项目key project 　　47、国家重点工程 national key projects ;

Accounting information as an important economic information resources, in improving capital market, optimize the allocation of resources and the maintenance and development of an enterprise and its related the relationship between interest groups in such aspects as plays an undoubted role. Accounting information is not only the enterprise and stakeholders scientific decision basis for national macro adjustment, but also the foundation. Up the traditional accounting pattern. Accounting informationization is the development trend of financial accounting lies. This article from the accounting computerization the concept and character of our country, this paper explained from the accounting computerization to accounting informationization of development, the rising from perceptual knowledge to rational analysis of accounting information has been gradually defined career of accounting industry development is the important role. At last, analyzed the status of informatization of our accounting and existing problems, and will solve a policy deeply elaborated.

你好 很高兴为你答题 您的原文的译文在下面Electronic commerce"s development gave the logistics the development to propose inevitably the new request, the informationization, the network, the intellectualization, the service, became under the new times the physical distribution chief feature. The electronic commerce enterprise from the building fluid is, the third party physical distribution allocation plan, the square physical distribution allocation alliance, also becomes in the modern society several kind of typical models. These pattern plan is unique, but in reliefs without doubt the physical distribution management innovation primary intention. But under the service electronic commerce environment has the enormous influence to the traditional physical distribution organization, its content mainly includes the logistics, the physical distribution various works link, various functions link and so on. facing electronic commerce development this kind of situation, physical distribution enterprise, if wants to base, obtains the good development, must the physical distribution pattern formulation in the high tech, the high beginning, the reasonable plan layout, formulate earnestly the logistics strategy and the strategy, the establishment and the development adaptation network economic situation logistics, sets up allocation center. Can enable the logistics to obtain the good development under the electronic commerce environment. 很高兴为你答题 (*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

　　[摘 要] 在“面向过程”的评价理念和评价原则指导下,构建了学校信息化建设成熟度(ICS-CMM)模型。该模型将学校教育信息化建设从低到高分成初始级、基本级、发展级和变革级四个层级,并从管理机制、软硬件环境、工具的应用水平和师资水平等四个核心要素入手,设置了18个关键过程域。这为测量某一学校信息化建设的水平提供了一个有序的级别,有利于我们关注核心要素,循环式的、整体推进学校信息化建设工程。 　　[关键词] 教育信息化评价;面向过程;ICS-CMM 　　[中图分类号] G434 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672―0008(2010)01―0013―05 　　 　　教育信息化已经成为世界教育领域的焦点。我国在教育信息化方面也推出了一系列政策与工程,并投入了大量资源。随着人力、财力、物力的大幅度投入,在教育信息化的进程中也逐渐暴露出一些问题,如硬件环境大投入而没有得到应用效果大产出问题,教育系统内各要素发展不均衡导致系统无法协调运转问题,设备管理与使用的矛盾问题等等。在这种情况下,如何对教育信息化建设进行有效的评价,并促进相关工程可持续的、和谐的发展,则成为重中之重。 　　 　　近几年来,我国学者也对教育信息化的绩效评价问题给予了高度关注。李新晖(2008)从教育信息化发展历程的角度,对我国教育信息化不同历史时期的绩效成熟度情况、特征等进行了分析,并建构了相关模型[1]。顾小清等(2007)从区域教育信息化效益评估的角度,从较为综合、全局的视角建构了区域教育信息化效益评估的模型[2]。从历史和区域等角度对教育信息化绩效评价进行研究都是非常有益的,但是我们认为,教育信息化的主阵地是学校,反映教育信息化建设质量的重要指标也是学校,因此,对学校的教育信息化建设水平进行评价则显得尤为重要。 　　 　　本文在借鉴现有研究成果的基础上,从系统发展的角度提出了面向过程的学校信息化建设评价思路及成熟度模型,以期对促进学校信息化建设的全面评价、和谐发展提供建议和方案。 　　 　　一、面向过程的学校信息化建设成熟度模型(ICS-CMM)基本框架 　　 　　当前,我国学校教育信息化建设评价的内容大多关注的是硬件环境建设、资源建设、开课率、师生信息素养等,而评价的方法也是通过等考察、典型案例分析等。相关评价在系统性、对整个工程的推动性等方面都较为缺乏。 　　信息化建设是一个庞大的,涉及到教学、管理、科研等各个方面的系统工程,这样庞大的工程不可能一蹴而就。不同的决策人员在信息化建设的工程中也有不同的决策和着力点,这样就导致各个学校在信息化建设的过程中各行其是,各走各的路。没有统一的规范与阶段性引导,评价也就无从谈起。同时,信息化建设无论在财力、物力还是人力上,都是一项投资巨大的工程,如果没有有效的评价和引导,一旦走错方向,不仅导致巨大的经济损失,甚至有可能贻误教育。 　　 　　面向过程的评价可以在很大程度上解决上述问题。在学校信息化建设与评价的过程中,采取“面向过程”的评价方法,采取“总体规划、分阶段实施、逐步完善”的原则,实现学校从管理到教学等各个层面的共同开展,而不是只抓其中的某些环节而忽略了整体推进。此外,采用面向过程的评价有利于发挥评价的诊断作用,使得我们在信息化建设的过程中不断审视已经开展的工作,不断思考后续应该采取的行动。采用面向过程的评价方法,有利于我们采取“边建设、边评价”的思路,按照螺旋式上升的路线不断发展;有利于我们关注核心要素,循环式的、整体推进学校信息化建设工程。 　　在“面向过程”的评价理念和评价原则指导下,我们借鉴了“软件能力成熟度模型”(SW-CMM即Capability Maturity Model for software)的相关经验[3],建设了“学校信息化建设成熟度模型”(以下简称ICS-CMM模型,即Capability Maturity Model for Informationization Construction in Schools)。该模型以过程评估为核心特色、以动态改进学校教育信息化水平为目标,从系统的角度考虑学校在信息化建设过程中需要协调发展的环节和内容,为学校的信息化建设过程提供了一个阶梯式的进化框架,如图1所示。 　　 　　ICS-CMM模型将学校信息化建设主要分为四个成熟度级别,分别为:初始级、基本级、发展级和变革级。这为测量某一学校信息化建设的成熟度提供了一个有序的级别,有助于学校在进行整合过程中分清问题的轻重缓急。ICS-CMM模型各级别的基本特征如下: 　　第零级 初始级:学校领导与教师没有信息化建设的意识和计划,或没有基本的硬件条件及设施,就算有也是处于一种无组织、不系统状态。 　　第一级 基本级:学校有信息化建设的计划及相应文件;学校在环境建设、教师培训等方面有一定的发展,并制定了相关的制度、方案。这是一个逐渐纪律化的过程。 　　第二级 发展级:学校在纪律化的基础上在环境、师资、管理等各个方面进行不断改进和完善,较好地发挥出信息技术在各个领域的应用效果。这是一个不断优化与改进的过程。 　　 　　第三级 变革级:学校在将信息技术工具有效整合到各个领域的同时,不断进行变化与革新,寻求在教学、管理、科研上的突破与变革,并获得相关成绩。这是一个不断变化与革新的过程,也与整个社会的发展密切相关。 　　对于ICS-CMM模型的每个级别来讲,我们都将从“管理机制”、“软硬件环境”、“工具的应用水平”和“师资水平”等四个维度列出其具有代表性的特征和涵义,即关键过程域,从而进一步完善ICS-CMM的体系结构,以便于我们对学校的信息化建设情况进行比较与评价。 　　 　　二、ICS-CMM模型评价维度与关键过程域 　　 　　 　　(一)ICS-CMM模型评价维度 　　在采取面向过程的评价方法对学校信息化建设进行评价的过程中,要抓住一些核心要素,其中“管理机制”、“软硬件环境”、“工具的应用水平”和“师资水平”这四个方面是重中之重。 　　1.管理机制 　　要促进信息化建设的顺利发展,必须有全面的、合理的管理制度与保障。从实际工作的角度来讲,可以分为如下内容:信息化建设项目管理、设备与资源管理、教学与科研管理、人员管理、评价与反思制度等。相关的管理制度应满足如下准则:第一,有目标、有计划。相关管理制度有预定的目标、具体的实施计划及相应的监控、监督机制。目标应达到:可控制,可量化,对不同角色人员有不同的职责要求。计划应达到:有实现目标的长期及短期计划,并列举实现目标所需的行为、步骤;第二,有专门的负责人及负责小组,能根据实际需求不断调整、完善相关制度;第三,有文档性材料;第四,有利于教学效果的最优化,如设备与资源管理不能只考虑“管”,更应考虑最大程度上促进师生对设备与资源的使用;第五,有相关机制保障制度的实施。 　　 　　2.教学软硬件环境建设 　　教学软硬件环境建设是信息化建设中一块十分重要的内容。硬件建设、资源与工具等都是非常重要且必不可少的。 　　 　　(1)硬件环境。相关的硬件环境包括多媒体教室、网络教室、电子备课室、语音教室、计算机设备等。但在相关建设的过程中,并不是说要把以上设备一次性建立起来或者说先建立以上设备再考虑其他因素,而是希望学校根据自身的情况先建立1~2种硬件环境,然后建设相关的软件环境或教师培养机制,在该环境下运行良好后再推进其他硬件环境的建设。 　　(2)软件与平台。相关的软件主要有办公软件、办公自动化系统、教学软件、教学平台、杀毒与安全软件、校园网建设等。其中相关的教学软件与教学平台是重中之重,如数学学科的几何画板、物理与化学学科的仿真实验室、英语学科的语音软件等。 　　(3)教学资源。学校应具备的教学资源有:各类优秀的学科资源库、访问网上资源库的账号、学校教师自己组建的资源库。我们不赞成由学科教师进行大量的资源建设与开发,但是如果教师总是采取“拿来主义”而没有按照自己的教学思路将相关素材组织起来,那么这个学校的教学也只能存在于起始状态,因此学校应鼓励教师在已有素材与资源的基础上,按照自己的教学思路对其进行重新设计与组织,从而形成学校自身的资源库。 　　3.信息技术在教学中应用的水平 　　信息技术在教学中的应用有一个由浅入深、不断深化,从而促进变革的过程。我们认为,信息化教学应用大致可分为三个阶段: 　　第一个阶段:简单的演示型PPT课件或大而全的讲授性课件,这是最基本的教学内容演示型的应用,能对传统教学产生增强作用,却没有对学习方式产生实质性的影响,学生还是被动的接受知识,对学生的创新精神与实践能力培养没有实质性的促进作用。 　　第二个阶段:把信息技术作为学生的学习工具、认知工具、情感激励工具、评价工具、研究工具等,促进学生在课堂上具有“积极的情感体验、广泛的认知范围、深层次的认知投入”沉浸式的学习,形成“学教并重”的教学结构。信息技术不仅用于增强学生的学科知识,实现新课程改革的三维教学目标;更重要的是还要将信息技术作为问题解决的认知工具,促进学生实践能力、问题解决能力、创造性思维的培养。 　　第三个阶段:信息技术与教育、教学的全面融合。历史已经证明,时代的变迁会促进教育的变革,信息技术与社会各个领域的融合,也会促进教学目标、教学理念、教学组织形式的变革,信息素养将越来越重要,正规教育也将向非正规教育延伸[4]。 　　4.师资水平/教师专业发展 　　再好的设备,再优秀的资源,再先进的理念,如果没有优秀的教师,那一切都无法发挥作用。教师的重要作用已经在历史上众多的教育改革与实验中得到验证。我们认为,信息时代的教师应具备如下素养: 　　(二)ICS-CMM模型关键过程域 　　根据上述“管理机制”、“软硬件环境”、“工具的应用水平”和“师资水平”等四个评价维度,我们可以为ICS-CMM模型的四个成熟度等级分别定义实现该等级目标的关键特征即关键过程域。只要该等级的相关过程域实现了,那么该学校就达到了该成熟度等级,并可以向更高一级努力与迈进。 　　四个成熟度等级与18个关键过程域的关系如表1所示。 　　根据评价维度的18个关键过程域,我们会得到ICS-CMM的整体体系结构,如图3所示,并对ICS-CMM模型的四个成熟度等级有更清晰的理解和阐释。 　　第零级 初始级:学校领导与教师没有信息化建设的意识和计划,或没有基本的硬件条件及设施,就算有也是处于一种无组织、不系统状态。 　　第一级 基本级:学校有信息化建设的计划及相应文件;学校建设了多媒体教室并得到了合理的使用;学校制定了教师培训制度,对管理人员、学科教师、技术人员等进行分层培训;学科教师有初步的信息技术与课程整合的观念并在教学中进行应用;90%的教师能合理发挥信息技术在教学中的作用,尤其是作为演示工具的作用。 　　第二级 发展级:学校制定了系统的管理制度和激励机制,教学与科研制度等;建设了各教学班、教师电子化备课室和校园网,并可与Internet互联;购买了相关教学资源库并建设了一定数量与质量的学校自身资源库;80%以上的教师掌握了多种先进的教学思想和理论,在教学中逐渐发挥出信息技术作为探究工具、认知工具等工具的优势,而且40%以上的教师具有一定的科研能力,参与一定级别的课题并发表学术论文、著作等。 　　第三级 变革级:学校建立了完善的制度对信息技术与课程整合的教学改革过程进行监控和评价,及时从教学中得到反馈信息并制定相应对策;硬件设施和资源建设得到系统的、开放的管理;教师的理论水平和技术水平得到极大提高,能按照教学需要,灵活选择信息技术并发挥信息技术作为多种工具的优势,有很好的自学能力和科研能力。 　　(三)成熟度等级与关键过程域的关系 　　除第零级初始级外,ICS-CMM的每一成熟度等级都包含了实现这一级目标的若干个关键过程域。不同的关键过程域都有具体的目标和有不同的属性描述,这些属性是具体的实践活动的描述,是可执行、测量的。如果学校实现了某个关键过程域包含的全部实践活动,这个关键过程域的目标就达到了,也就表明该关键过程域实现了。如果某个成熟度级别的所有关键过程域都实现了,该学校就达到了该成熟度级别,如图4所示。 　　从上述体系结构可以看出,ICS-CMM强调过程进化和逐步走向成熟,认为过程的改进是基于许多小的、不断进化的步骤而不是革命性的创新。 　　 　　三、ICS-CMM模型评估应用 　　 　　应用ICS-CMM提高信息化建设的过程如图5所示。学校和教育测评机构可以利用ICS-CMM模型对学校的信息化建设情况进行评价,从“管理机制”、“软硬件环境”、“工具的应用水平”和“师资水平”等四个核心要素入手,对照18个关键过程域的相关属性,确定学校当前完成了哪些关键过程域的哪些属性,确定学校所处的教育信息化成熟度层级,找到与下一个层级之间在具体关键过程域上的差距,从而制定计划,改进、实施,周而复始,不断提高学校教育信息化水平。 　　例如,某所学校想看一下是否达到了ICS-CMM模型的第一级基本级,他们可以参照表2的基本级详解,找到该等级6个关键过程域的目标,要达到的实践活动以及对相关实践活动进行测评的方式,然后通过问卷、访谈、观察等方式收集信息与数据,并对结果进行分析,指出学校在信息化建设过程中的强项和弱项,指出哪些实践活动或关键过程域已经实现,哪些还没有,并诊断出没有达到的原因。依据评估做出的诊断,学校可以建立改进计划,确定改进方针和优先级,规划行动。具体实施后,再进行进一步的测量和诊断,这样不断循环直到该成熟度级别的所有关键过程域均已实现,即学校的信息化建设已达到了该级别。 　　面向过程的学校信息化建设成熟度将学校教育信息化建设从低到高分成了初始级、基本级、发展级和变革级四个层级,并从管理机制、软硬件环境、工具的应用水平和师资水平等四个核心要素入手,设置了18个关键过程域。这为测量某一学校信息化建设的成熟度提供了一个有序的级别,有利于我们关注核心要素,循环式的、整体推进学校信息化建设工程。但是该模型还处于初级阶段,在后续的研究中还需要对各关键域及其属性进行不断完善,并在实践中不断调整与优化整个模型。 　　 　　[参考文献] 　　[1]李新晖.教育信息化绩效成熟度模型研究[J].电化教育研究,2008,(7):25-27. 　　[2]顾小清,林阳,祝智庭.区域教育信息化效益评估模型构建[J].中国电化教育,2007,(5):23-27. 　　[3]Mark C. Paulk, Bill Curtis, Mary Beth Chrissis, Charles V. Weber, “The Capability Maturity Model For Software, Version 1.1”, CMU/SEI-93-TR-24/ESC-TR-93-177. 　　[4]马宁,余胜泉.信息技术与课程整合的进程[J].中国电化教育,2002,(1):9-13. 　　[5]马宁,余胜泉.信息时代教师专业素养的新发展[J].中国电化教育,2008,(5):1-7.省略);余胜泉,教授,博士生导师,北京师范大学教育技术学院院长(toyusq@gmail.com)。 　　 　　The Process Assessment and Capability Maturity Model for Educational Informationization of Schools 　　Ma Ning & Yu Shengquan 　　(Institute of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875) 　　 　　【Abstract】 Based on the process assessment theory, we constructed the Capability Maturity Model for Informationization Construction in Schools(ICS-CMM). This model divided the educational informationization of schools into four levels which are initial level, basic level, developing level and innovative level. We built 18 different key areas to describe each levels and how to get it. This model provided sequential levels for educational informationization assessment of schools and made the programs more rational. 　　【Keywords】 Educational informationization assessment;Process assessment;Capability maturity model for informationization construction in schools(ICS-CMM) 　　 　　本文责编:陶 侃

现代物流的发展趋势是：标准化、信息化、自动化、智能化、系统化、网络化、柔性化、精细化、产业细分化、社会化、绿色化等

在信息化高度发达的今天Today when the informationization is highly developed

Analysis of archival information

信息资源（Information Resources）是指以文字、图形、图像、声音、动画和视像等形式储存在一定的载体上并可供利用的信息。除了以下几种都不是广义的信息资源：信息技术（Information Technology）信息技术是指能够支持信息的获取、传递、加工、存储和呈现的一类技术。其中，应用在教育领域中的信息技术主要包括电子音像技术、卫星电视广播技术、多媒体计算机技术、人工智能技术、网络通信技术、仿真技术和虚拟现实技术等。教育信息化（Educational Informationization）教育信息化是指在教育教学的各个领域中，积极开发并充分应用信息技术和信息资源，促进教育现代化，以培养满足社会需求人才的过程。信息道德（Information Morality）信息道德是指在信息领域中用以规范人们相互关系的思想观念与行为准则。信息安全（Information Security）信息安全是指个人、组织和国家在信息领域的利益保护状态。它涉及到信息的保密性、完整性、可用性和可控性。信息技术与课程整合（Integrating Information Technology into Curriculum）信息技术与课程整合是指在学科教学过程中把信息技术、信息资源和课程有机结合，建构有效的教学方式，促进教学的最优化。学习资源（Learning Resources）学习资源是指在学习过程中可被学习者利用的一切人力与非人力资源，主要包括信息、资料、设备、人员、场所等。在课堂教学中所利用的学习资源也称教学资源。教师专业化（Teacher Professionalization）教师专业化是指教师在整个职业生涯中，通过专门训练和终身学习，逐步习得教育专业的知识与技能并在教育专业实践中不断提高自身的从教素质，从而成为一名合格的专业教育工作者的过程。终身学习（Lifelong Learning）终身学习是指社会每个成员为适应社会发展和实现个体发展的需要，贯穿于人的一生的，持续的学习过程。教学媒体（Instructional Media）媒体是指承载、加工和传递信息的介质或工具。当某一媒体被用于教学目的时，则被称为教学媒体。教学资源管理（Instructional Resources Management）教学资源管理是指通过对教学资源的计划、组织、协调和评价，以实现既定教学目标的活动过程。教学资源管理包括硬件资源的管理和软件资源的管理。项目管理（Project Management）项目是指致力于完成具有独特性的产品或服务的一次性工作。学校教育中的项目管理，是指对学校特定教育教学项目的计划、组织、监督与调控。项目管理在学校教育中主要应用于教学系统设计、教学资源开发、教育技术应用和教育改革实验等开发项目与研究课题中。教学过程管理（Process Management）教学过程是教学活动展开的过程。教学过程管理就是对这一过程所涉及的各种要素及活动的管理。

　　1：你没有提供 相关的具体内容，我是巧妇也难在没有米的情况下做饭，请原谅；　　2关于教育信息化有两个含义，请你参考！　　概念解析：　　教育信息化是指在教育与教学领域的各个方面，在先进的教育思想指导下，积极应用信息技术，深入开发、广泛利用信息资源，培养适应信息社会要求的创新人才，加速实现教育现代化的系统工程。　　教育信息化是指在教育领域全面深入地运用现代化信息技术来促进教育改革和教育发展的过程，其结果必然是形成一种全新的教育形态——信息化教育。　　所谓教育信息化，是指在教育中普遍运用现代信息技术，开发教育资源，优化教育过程，以培养和提高学生的信息素养，促进教育现代化的过程。　　上述定义均从不同角度或多或少地涉及到了教育信息化概念的主要内容，如：强调了教育信息化是一个动态的不断发展的过程；界定了教育信息化的领域及范围；突出了教育信息化的原始动力和直接目的——现代信息技术的教育应用；体现了信息资源在教育信息化过程中的核心地位等。　　通过对国内已有教育信息化定义进行整合，并参照国家信息化定义，不妨对教育信息化重新作一界定：所谓教育信息化，是指在国家及教育部门的统一规划和组织下，在教育系统的各个领域全面深入地应用现代信息技术，加速实现教育现代化的过程。　　3：两方面的含义：　　“信息化”(informationization)　　教育信息化——发言　　早于20世纪60年代出现在日本的一些学术文献中，当时对“信息化”这一概念主要是从产业角度进行阐述和界定的。20世纪70年代，德国、欧共体和联合国教科文组织等国家及国际组织先后出台了一系列推动信息技术在社会中应用和发展的规划，这些规划都把信息基础设施作为重要一环。　　1993年9月，美国克林顿政府正式提出建设“国家信息基础设施”(National Information Infrastructure，简称NII)，俗称“信息高速公路”(Information Superhighway)计划，其核心是发展以Internet为核心的综合化信息服务体系和推进信息技术(Information Techno1ogy，简称IT)在社会各领域的广泛应用。在其带动之下，许多发达国家和发展中国家相继出台了一系列国家信息基础设施建设规划，从而带动了全球信息化建设的浪潮。　　教育信息化的概念是在20世纪90年代伴随着信息高速公路的兴建而提　　教育信息化——图示　　出的。在美国的“信息高速公路”计划中，特别把IT在教育中的应用作为实施面向21世纪教育改革的重要途径，美国的这一举动引起了世界各国的积极反应，许多国家的政府相继制定了推进本国IT在教育中应用的计划。　　中国自20世纪90年代末开始，随着网络技术的迅速普及，整个社会的发展与信息技术的关系越来越密切，人们越来越关注信息技术对社会发展的影响，“社会信息化”的提法开始出现，联系到教育改革和发展，“教育信息化”的提法也开始出现了。政府的各种文件已经正式使用“教育信息化”这一概念，并高度重视教育信息化的工作。

Electronic commerce, mean business the both parties" rely on the calculator network. according to certain standard carry on of each kind of company"s activity.The electronic commerce is a kind of to rely on the modern information technique and the network techniques, gathering the finance electronical, manage information-based, company the information network changes into the integral whole, the aim is carrying out the logistics, funds to flow to flow the new trade method that diapason unify with information, is to trade the movable whole process electronical, the network turns to turn with numeral.The electronic commerce brought huge impact for traditional trade method, arousing the change of the economy structure, is a company revolution of the ó method, drive international think up is an important motivation of the economic development of 21 centuries, even can develop to the economy with 200 year ago Industrial Revolutions of promote place on equal footing, the traditional business enterprise enters the electronic commerce realm distinctly currently, just become the phenomenon of the universal world

　　1：你没有提供 相关的具体内容，我是巧妇也难在没有米的情况下做饭，请原谅；　　2关于教育信息化有两个含义，请你参考！　　概念解析：　　教育信息化是指在教育与教学领域的各个方面，在先进的教育思想指导下，积极应用信息技术，深入开发、广泛利用信息资源，培养适应信息社会要求的创新人才，加速实现教育现代化的系统工程。　　教育信息化是指在教育领域全面深入地运用现代化信息技术来促进教育改革和教育发展的过程，其结果必然是形成一种全新的教育形态——信息化教育。　　所谓教育信息化，是指在教育中普遍运用现代信息技术，开发教育资源，优化教育过程，以培养和提高学生的信息素养，促进教育现代化的过程。　　上述定义均从不同角度或多或少地涉及到了教育信息化概念的主要内容，如：强调了教育信息化是一个动态的不断发展的过程；界定了教育信息化的领域及范围；突出了教育信息化的原始动力和直接目的——现代信息技术的教育应用；体现了信息资源在教育信息化过程中的核心地位等。　　通过对国内已有教育信息化定义进行整合，并参照国家信息化定义，不妨对教育信息化重新作一界定：所谓教育信息化，是指在国家及教育部门的统一规划和组织下，在教育系统的各个领域全面深入地应用现代信息技术，加速实现教育现代化的过程。　　3：两方面的含义：　　“信息化”(informationization)　　教育信息化——发言　　早于20世纪60年代出现在日本的一些学术文献中，当时对“信息化”这一概念主要是从产业角度进行阐述和界定的。20世纪70年代，德国、欧共体和联合国教科文组织等国家及国际组织先后出台了一系列推动信息技术在社会中应用和发展的规划，这些规划都把信息基础设施作为重要一环。　　1993年9月，美国克林顿政府正式提出建设“国家信息基础设施”(National Information Infrastructure，简称NII)，俗称“信息高速公路”(Information Superhighway)计划，其核心是发展以Internet为核心的综合化信息服务体系和推进信息技术(Information Techno1ogy，简称IT)在社会各领域的广泛应用。在其带动之下，许多发达国家和发展中国家相继出台了一系列国家信息基础设施建设规划，从而带动了全球信息化建设的浪潮。　　教育信息化的概念是在20世纪90年代伴随着信息高速公路的兴建而提　　教育信息化——图示　　出的。在美国的“信息高速公路”计划中，特别把IT在教育中的应用作为实施面向21世纪教育改革的重要途径，美国的这一举动引起了世界各国的积极反应，许多国家的政府相继制定了推进本国IT在教育中应用的计划。　　中国自20世纪90年代末开始，随着网络技术的迅速普及，整个社会的发展与信息技术的关系越来越密切，人们越来越关注信息技术对社会发展的影响，“社会信息化”的提法开始出现，联系到教育改革和发展，“教育信息化”的提法也开始出现了。政府的各种文件已经正式使用“教育信息化”这一概念，并高度重视教育信息化的工作。

请帮忙用英文翻译一下：等你有空的时候，请通知我，我想来换书。 Please let me know when you"re available. I want to change the books. 请帮忙用英文翻译一下 Don"t you know what to keep silent for? 请帮忙英文翻译一下 Based on the emergency shelter function of public space Public open space is an important part of leisure, the citizen in Japan"s natural disasters, and requires open public space have shelter in times of emergency and rescue function. Therefore, the author for existing as public open space of refuge after investigation found that due to various physical obstacles and plete facilities, in an emergency, these places cannot provide citizens with the necessary assistance. Aiming at the problems, from the design of public space, planning, as well as the psychological guidance to enhance refuge function to provide the reference basis. 1 campus "s function the campus is take the application as the goal, based on the Inter/Intra technology puter neork and its user as well as the correlation stipulation set. The campus "s function is not only puter"s popularization and the study, its most major function lies in the neork resource sharing, then forms the rich characteristic in the campus the campus information culture. At present, school various faculty working offices (group) has disposed generally the puter equipment, already forms with puter aided teaching"s macroclimate. But various puters" application is also isolated has not constituted the real-time correspondence interactive ability, it is the information isolated island. May play the major role using the campus . Campus neork concrete application in: (1) teaching aspect, teaching material aumulation consult; Multimedia courseware sharing; The teaching material and the plan may send out the classroom through the neork the puter to prepare needing of the teaching; Aording to the different subject establishment on-line discussion group, prepares a lesson when may colonel the garden "s forum carry on the education teaching the discussion; Teaching information acquisition, with exterior Inter connection; The discipline result management and the *** ysis, count and *** yze student"s result then to transfer the interactive homepage with the electronic forms to put to the campus on-line *** yze for various branches teacher; (2) educational administration management aspect, the class schedule, each kind of activity"s arrangement might the homepage form issue in the campus , cause the education teaching the information prompt circulation and had the best preserved information way, because simultaneously had the neork, the above information then might share for teacher, these information carried on the visit, the inquiry on the application puter with the unification browser, suinct convenient, easy seat of honor. The school register management transforms before the fishing pure seal management after the fishing the open issue and the consult, the politics teaches place the Youth Corps Committee Student association"s each kind of act of administration, the active arrangement even activity itself to be possible to construct in the neork. (3) student ability raise aspect, the campus besides uses in the teaching, but may also move for the student creates a brand-new non-space and time gap the hypothesized world, this has the realization value in the key high school or in related specialized key duty Gauguin: Is not only informationization gradually influencing, is the informationization experience, the campus is pletely one kind of tool bees the constituent which the class and grade moves. The class and grade information issued that the publication on-line blackboard newspaper, establishes each kind of forum, the class and grade and teacher, principal"s munication, forms the campus on-line hypothesized munity and the mass anization, causes it to bee in the student life the new hot spot and the center of excitation, take neork carrier culture student"s ability, creates one as the student to unfold the self-stage, then constructs the richly colorful on-line campus culture. But also except for this, may provide information neorks and so on financial control, books management, property management in the campus interior, realizes the resources to share highly. because of the fierce petition on this order, buyer can only give very low price, could you deduct the 98rmb packing cost? First of all, the main ingredient for o potato silk, o green peppers, auxiliary materials to prepare the appropriate oil, salt, garlic and vinegar. Secondly, the potatoes peeled, washed and cut into silk, green peppers are also. Then, pour the right amount of oil in the pot heating, the second step, add potatoes, silk, stir fry, then add the right amount of salt and vinegar, and then into the green pepper stir fry, after a moment, you can. 英文翻译。请帮忙一下！ In your eyes，If Ibecame brave a lot。Hopping Ilike I，let a *** ile a little more rainbow! 你有空的时候会写写你的理想家园吗 英文翻译 你有空的时候会写写你的理想家园吗? Could you write something about your ideal homeland when you are free? 请帮忙用英文翻译一下，多谢！ The attached is information of job vacancies in the region of China. Please help to publish it on "XXX" of the pany"s website (XXX..) and on LinkedIn as well. Many thanks for your help. 请帮忙用英文翻译 Aording to foreign customers with the BOM (English description) and Wallpapers, as the single procurement for the development of fooear made from materials sent to foreign SAMPLE confirmed that at the same time production record in the process of the (information Rally, bleaching, wearable, Naizhe washed and fort) and LO to identify price. Formulate more prehensive production process, then under production in tracking progress to ensure the delivery on time.

Informative process, network and automation, it is flexible , globalization

回铃音过去都很单调,现在有了“彩铃”之后生意一下火爆!据说已经是几十亿的产业了.回铃音英文叫：ring back tone,彩铃在亚洲国家很兴盛,所以color ring back tone这个亚洲特色的词应运而生.正象informationization信...

OA from the initial large-scale introduction to office equipment such as photocopiers, marked the initial stage of development to today"s computer networks and to use marked this stage, to change the way units and office efficiency has played a positive role in promoting. OA solution to the daily management of standardized units, enterprises and institutions to increase controllability, improve operational efficiency units of the basic issues involving routine administration, and various matters, office resources management, people multisectoral collaboration with the office, as well as communication and information transmission, enterprises and institutions to improve their overall operational capabilities indispensable software tool. The King City to 11 primary and secondary schools had fueled the target for investigation by the needs analysis to identify applicable to the primary and secondary OA system. System is targeted at primary and secondary schools to achieve the required design information systems, office systems as a school teacher teaching arrangements with the school timetable subsystems for school teachers and students have a great deal of convenience, the campus network will be based on the achievement of shared information resources, management and the standardization of the school office efficiency

The emergence and the rapid development of the Internet and the speed up of information technology, making enterprises face many challenges and competition.in a competitive process, for a company, the grasp of informationthe timely access to information, whether information can be fully utilized, whether the reaction on information accurately and sensitivly ,also has increasingly become an important factor of assessing an enterprise"s competitiveness on the market.With China"s accession to the WTO, all industries are making efforts to improve their own competitiveness, the reorganization of the telecommunications, and the acceleration of enterprise information management processes show a trend that the traditional office automation mainly to the red-headed documents and emphasizing document processing will be gradually weakened on its dominant positionto,but the enterprise information service system emphasizing information services, knowledge management will gradually replace the existing office automation. Bussiness marketisjust like a battlefield, the new generation of war is information warfare, how to improve the information construction of enterprises through the Internet? This requires an efficient, stable office automation system! The system should have: document circulation, document management, financial data statistics and analysis, information dissemination, human resources management, e-mail and other functions integrated to an office automation system.

headquarter of the informationization process

I would like to give my opinion about the Internet.More and more students here are starting using the Internet, through which they can get a great deal of the latest information. They can enjoy lessons given by the best teachers of net-schools at home. And it is easy and convenient to keep in touch with friends by sending and receiving e-mails.On the other hand, some students have spent too much time chatting on the net. And there is still something harmful to the students.For example,computer games are popular among young students.This makes them lose control of themselves.They spend most of their time playing computer games instead of studying,which causes their grades to drop sharply.In my opinion,I suggest that students should be good at using the Internet for their studies and not be on line for too long.Just keep a balance,and everything will turn out to be fine.

With rapid development of informationization, global electronic commerce transaction has increased greatly within past decade years. Almost all kinds of industries are closely connected with electronic commerce. However, everything has two sides.On one hand,booming electronic commerce is the fastest way so far to make transactions across far distance. It makes it possible to do business at home, which saves time and unnecessary formalities. That"s why e-commerce is preferable to traditional commerce.On the other hand,there exist many problems either.It is hard to control the virtual business. False,deceptive informatin is interspersing among e-commerce. Without management, losses are liable to happen every time. So we should hold strong risk awareness to protect ourselves on e-commerce.Above all, the trend towards promising e-commerce is an irresistible trend of times. It undoubtedly contributes to impayable prosperity of world economy. Letu2019s prepare to embrace this irretrievable trend.

现在流行的英语词汇公平、公开 just, fair and open好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster黄金时段 prime time假唱 lip-synch劲射 power shot拉拉队 cheering squad来电显示电话机 caller ID telephone论文答辩 (thesis) oral defense泡沫经济 bubble economy票贩子 scalper, ticket tout拳头产品 competitive products; knockout products; blockbuster三角恋爱 love triangle三 维 动 画 片 three-dimensional animation"扫黄打非" eliminate pornography and illegal publications申办奥运会 bid for the Olympic Games实现中华民伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation市场疲软 sluggish market素质教育 education for all-around development筒子楼： tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity网吧 Internet bar网恋 online love affair网上冲浪 surf the Internet网上交易平台 online trading platform网友 net friend无人售票 self-service ticketing无绳来电显示电话 cordless telephone with caller ID无线应用协议 WAP （ wireless application protocol ）下岗 laid-off workers下海 plunge into the commercial sea下网 off line小康之家 well-off family; comfortably-off family新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类 New Human Being ； X Generation信息港 inforport形象小姐 / 先生 image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网 virtual net学生处 students" affairs division研究生毕业证 / 学位证 graduate diploma/graudate degree"s diploma摇钱树 cash cow以人为本 people oriented; people foremost义务教育 compulsory education易拉罐 pop can应试教育 examination-oriented education system舆论导向 direction of public opinion运球 dribble在职博士生 on-job doctorate早恋 puppy love招生就业指导办公室 enrolment and vocation guidance office证券营业部 stock exchange; security exchange知识产权 intellectual property rights中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone专卖店 exclusive agency; franchised store自我保护意识 self-protection awareness综合国力 comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网 integrated service digital network (ISDN)总裁助理 assistant president综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerrybuilt projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation state** "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局 Taiwan authorities台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发 Development of the West Regions可持续性发展 sustainable development风险投资 risk investment通货紧缩 deflation扩大内需 to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction (CAI)网络空间 cyberspace虚拟现实 virtual reality网民 netizen (net citizen)电脑犯罪 computer crime电子商务 the e-business网上购物 shopping online应试教育 exam-oriented education学生减负 to reduce study load

Already various information inclines to digitization , limpid-rization with gradually increase by , informationize economy times in arrival , life. With the fact that cable television cause develop rapidly , cable television consumer quantity skyrocket by, administration of cable television consumer , various data inquiry and count , various cost collecting all existence very big difficulty , this already become the problem that a lot of cable television company is fed up with most. We will bring ample computer memory space into play therefore, high-performance treatment ability , highly reliable data safety, the limpid Visualization data has waited to assist Cable News Network CNN to manage to cable television consumer go along coming these advantage , the reasonableness having realized computer resource has made use of the purpose cutting down a labour force improving job mass , realized really. And main part the main body of a book has been analysed mainly systematically is composed of condition and exploitation process , includes the need condition , systematic design objective, detailed function module train of thought and realization method, data technological process and systematic main characteristic etc., priority has introduced systematic business process analysis and data process analysis, detailed description for system key technology and part source code. Keywords: The consumer is managed; Management Information System; Charge printing system; Count inquiry

education informationize. 动词education informationiation. 名词化。

1（会计工作） accounting; accountancy（会计人员） accountant; bookkeeper2信息化 information-based; informationization3企业，公司；事业enterprise ...工商企业，商务业务business 4信息系统information system 5金融，财务finance 6management .经营，管理，

Into the 21st century, electronic commerce is developing at an alarming rate and in the field of international trade had a huge impact. E-commerce is more and more words as computer and network technology and the rapid development of enterprises into the global economy arising from competing demands, it is increasingly becoming a developed western countries a new tool for international trade and its role in the constantly expanding, increasingly becoming an important means of international trade. With e-commerce in the context of the rapid development of the world, the traditional way by a huge economic and trade impact of information technology in international trade has been a great development. Countries in the world are highly valued. For China, foreign trade and better application of e-commerce can be key to the development of China"s foreign trade. Our e-commerce application in international trade is still in the preliminary stage. As a new production, electronic commerce on the development of international trade also had a noticeable influence, especially in the foreign trade system, opening today. This paper describes the development of electronic commerce in China"s international trade problems and the development status of e-commerce on China"s international trade, and proposed the development of electronic commerce in international trade countermeasures.

Toenter the twenty-first century, withthe social development and progressof information technology, global information-based trends are becoming evident. Online games is an important Internet-derived products, since its inception, is developing rapidly, and gradually become an important emerging industry, its size and profits is considerable. In the vast majority of gamers, the game"s virtual items can be used to measure the reality of the currency. Play online games can not stand almost all the time, effort and money to the accumulation process, only by constantly upgradingapproach, to meet the player"s desire for the best equipment, but the "time + money + energy = the best equipment (high-grade ) "formula, not all players can do, and thus a sale of equipment to fight the" professional gamers. "

Information Business Unit

Abstract: In the correspondence already becomes of a today modern civilization symbols, correspondence widespread infiltrometer industry each domain, now the world already has welcomed an informationization time. The correspondence took important constituent, is playing the extremely vital role. In the past corresponded the information industries development is extension -like quantity enlargement, two will have even more to pay great attention to the intrinsic archery target enhancement from now on. The development to the modern industry which through which gradually transforms a group comes to the communication engineering analysis as well as to the industry by the traditional industry, the research communication engineering in the traditional industry “the setting sun in the western sky” and the modern industry “the display of vigour and vitality” the function. Method: 1. review industry history and the correspondence history, summarize the communication engineering the contribution .2. analyses and the elaboration communication engineering which makes in the industry in traditional and the modern industry function and develop .3. to draw the conclusion, key prominent informationization time communication engineering importance. Key word: Communication engineering, traditional industry, modern industry, informationization

Abstract The dawn of customers and suppliers of information processing platform is based on current information management needs of the development and design. The information processing platform to help operators quickly and accurately and timely for customers and suppliers of information for processing. Not only easy to add amendments to, and convenience, so that the information you want at a glance. This will greatly enhance the dawn of the customers and suppliers of information processing efficiency and accuracy. This article first car manufacturing plant from the dawn of the professional development needs of the background of the dawn of customers and suppliers of information processing platform functional requirements set out in detail and discussed in detail from the system of planning, feasibility analysis, system analysis, system design the entire development process. The system is based on B / S model, the use of SSH technology, Tomcat application server to SQL Server database as a background, the use of Myeclipse development as a development tool. The main achievement of the user login, customer information management, customer contact information management, customer service management, customer complaints management, information management providers, suppliers and supplier contact management features such as merchandise management. These features give users a great convenience, so that enterprises from the red tape out of hand and raise the work efficiency.

What are their jobs

In this paper, through in-depth study of a group of enterprises of the construction of the plant status information, and put forward a case for the actual problem thinking. Thus the power of the enterprise information construction and business management are closely linked through modern management tools and weapons to the management, the efficiency to effectiveness, so that enterprises have a real core of the development of competitiveness and staying power! Group to meet top-down management of the management and control messages; bottom-up data transfer, submitted; so that internal departments horizontal sharing of data between the data do not overlap, the work of non-repetition,Gudao information does not exist; and the multiple-diameter uniform flow of longitudinal data.

Agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics and the basic connotation of the road summarized as follows: in order to protect the supply of agricultural products and increase their income and promote sustainable development as the goal, to improve labor productivity in agriculture, resources, production rate and commodity rate for the means of modern technology and equipment for support, in the family contracting business based on market mechanisms and government regulation and control under the combined effects, and built a close convergence of agriculture, industry and business,产加销together a wide range of industrial patterns and multi-functional industrial system. So to understand the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics is mainly determined by the following factors: First, the current level of China"s agricultural productivity is still low compared with developed countries the average level of scientific and technological contribution to the low rate of 20 to 30 percentage points. Therefore, the realization of agricultural modernization must raise the level of agricultural science and technology, through an increase in capital investment, application of modern technology and equipment, a moderate concentration of land and strengthen the organization and management, such as to improve agricultural efficiency. Second, modern agriculture and market-oriented, farmers engaged in agricultural production is the main purpose of the provision of goods for the market to achieve profit maximization. China"s farmers generally smaller scale of operation, the rate of agricultural products and agricultural resource allocation in the low degree of marketization and there is an urgent need to strengthen the market mechanism and the comprehensive effect of government regulation. Third, to be operated on the industrialization of agriculture has become an important feature of modern agriculture. China has about 250 million farmers, not only the large number of small scale, but also the structure, behavior similar to a big market with a variety of effective convergence is very difficult, therefore, promote the modernization of agriculture, agro-industry and trade must be built close convergence产加销financial as one form of a wide range of industries and multi-purpose industrial system. In this process, we must vigorously develop specialized cooperative organizations of farmers, through various types of farmers cooperatives organized by the leading enterprises in various forms, so that farmers really enjoy the processing of agricultural products, marketing and other aspects of profits. Fourth, China is the world"s most populous developing country, food is always of paramount importance. If the problem of food are not properly solved, industrialization and urbanization and the whole economic and social development will be hard going. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee the supply of agricultural products and increase their income and promote sustainable development as to promote the primary objective of the modernization of agriculture. China"s agricultural modernization, the general ideas and measures are: the material conditions of the equipment with modern agriculture, modern science and technology to transform agriculture, with modern industrial system to enhance agriculture, modern form of management to promote agriculture, the development of the concept of modern agriculture led by nurturing new farmers to develop agriculture, increase agricultural水利化, mechanization and informationization level and improve land productivity, the rate of resource utilization and agricultural labor productivity, improve agricultural quality, efficiency and competitiveness. In concrete work, in particular, in accordance with the party"s 17 major reports, as requested: In accordance with the principles in accordance with the law voluntarily paid, sound land contract operation rights transfer market so that rural farm land to the large concentration of skilled and professional, progressive realization of various forms of Land modest scale of operation.

E-commerce, also known as electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It has revolutionized the way businesses operate and has become an integral part of our daily lives.One of the biggest advantages of e-commerce is convenience. With just a few clicks, consumers can purchase products from anywhere in the world and have them delivered to their doorstep. This has eliminated the need for physical stores and has made shopping more accessible to people who live in remote areas.Another advantage of e-commerce is cost-effectiveness. Online businesses do not have to pay for rent, utilities, and other expenses associated with running a physical store. This allows them to offer products at lower prices and still make a profit.E-commerce has also opened up new opportunities for small businesses and entrepreneurs. With a website and a social media presence, anyone can start an online business and reach a global audience. This has leveled the playing field and has given small businesses a chance to compete with larger corporations.However, e-commerce also has its challenges. One of the biggest concerns is security. Consumers are hesitant to share their personal and financial information online, and businesses must take measures to protect their customers" data.In conclusion, e-commerce has transformed the way we shop and has created new opportunities for businesses. While it has its challenges, the benefits of e-commerce far outweigh the risks. As technology continues to advance, we can expect e-commerce to become even more prevalent in our daily lives.写作不易给个好评

用不用机翻是我们的自由，凭什么说自不自重，而且况且是你自己交论文，翻译也不是你的成果！

The 21st century is a highly informationization and the competition for talent time, the hope which the nationality promotes lies in the education, the promotion education hope lies in the teacher. Must therefore arouse teacher"s work enthusiasm fully in the management, raises the high quality the teacher troop. The understanding affects the teacher to work the enthusiastic factor, launches the management regarding teacher"s spiritual needs the strategy and art, raises efficiency which the teacher works.