化学专业英语

TheCatalyst催变者Godblessuseveryone上帝请庇佑芸芸众生We"reabrokenpeoplelivingunderloadedgun我们苟且偷生于枪口之下,随时暴毙Anditcan"tbeoutfought无法反抗Itcan"tbeoutdone无法超越Itcan"tbeoutmatched无法匹敌Itcan"tbeoutrun无法逃避NoAndwhenIclosemyeyestonight今夜我闭上双眼Tosymphoniesofblindinglight万丈光芒交相辉映(Godblessuseveryone/we"reabrokenpeoplelivingunderloadedgun)(上帝请庇佑芸芸众生/我们苟且偷生于枪口之下,随时暴毙)Oh/likememoriesincolddecay好似残存记忆里Transmissionsechoingaway思绪向远方散去FarfromtheworldofyouandI那远方没有你我Whereoceansbleedintothesky海洋如血般滴入苍穹Godsaveuseveryone上帝请拯救芸芸众生Willweburninsidethefiresofathousandsuns我们可会受到千炙之罪Forthesinsofourhand因为我们的行径Thesinsofourtongue我们的言语Thesinsofourfather因为我们的先人Thesinsofouryoung我们的后代NoAndwhenIclosemyeyestonight今夜我闭上双眼Tosymphoniesofblindinglight万丈光芒交相辉映(Godsaveuseveryone/willweburninsidethefiresofathousandsuns)(上帝请拯救芸芸众生/我们可会受到千炙之罪)Oh/likememoriesincolddecay好似残存记忆里Transmissionsechoingaway思绪向远方散去FarfromtheworldofyouandI那远方没有你我Whereoceansbleedintothesky海洋如血般滴入苍穹Liftmeup请赐予我力量Letmego让我去改变

赞同楼上的

把没用的卸载看看

上帝保佑每个人我们是在枪口下苟活的一代而它无法被战胜无法被制服 无法被超越无法被击败不！不！上帝保佑每个人我们是在枪口下苟活的一代而它无法被战胜无法被制服 无法被超越无法被击败不！不！今夜 当我在眩光的交响中阖上双眼一个声音回响 飘散如冰冷的记忆渐渐腐烂那是一个没有你我的世界那里 大洋波涛汹涌 渗入漫漫长夜上帝拯救每个人我们是否会在千日烈焰中从容燃烧赎清我们手上沾染的罪恶我们口中吐露的罪恶我们祖辈传递的罪恶我们后代沿袭的罪恶不！不！今夜 当我在眩光的交响中阖上双眼一个声音回响 飘散如冰冷的记忆渐渐腐烂那是一个没有你我的世界那里 大洋波涛汹涌 渗入漫漫长夜一个声音回响 飘散如冰冷的记忆渐渐腐烂那是一个没有你我的世界那里 大洋波涛汹涌 渗入漫漫长夜扶起我 放我走……

您好，感谢您选择惠普产品。您所述的这个问题是显卡驱动方面或系统方面出现问题导致的了，建议您可以按下面的方法操作看看是否能够解决这个问题：一、建议您在计算机（或者我的电脑）图标上，右键选择管理，进入设备管理器右键卸载显卡设备（请勾选删除此设备的驱动程序软件），然后重新到惠普官网下载安装您机器最新版本的显卡驱动看看是否能够解决您遇到的问题，驱动下载的方法如下：查找hp产品官方驱动或者软件的方法：1.登录hp官方网站：www.hp.com.cn；2.进入“支持与驱动程序”，点击“驱动程序和软件下载”；3.输入笔记本型号，点击“搜索”；4.选择笔记本安装的操作系统，点击“下一步”。5.下载对应驱动或者软件即可。注：关于如何从惠普官方网站下载相应产品的驱动程序，建议您也可以参考下下面的官方文档：http://h20566.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay/?docId=emr_na-c02903029二、按上述方法操作后机器的问题依旧，很可能是机器的系统方面的问题导致的了，建议您可以保存重要的文件后重启机器在机器出现HP标识的时候按F11一键恢复恢复下机器的操作系统看看是否能够解决您遇到的问题。注：如果您机器购买时没有预装有windows的操作系统，建议您可以尝试放入系统安装光盘保存重要的文件后重新安装操作系统看看是否能够解决您遇到的问题。希望以上回复能够对您有所帮助。

显卡驱动不匹配

显卡卸载重新安装一下试试

只识别到你的独立显卡是正常的嘛，因为当你接上你的独立显卡后，BIOS里的不启用集显的。你现在应该先把AIT的控制软件卸载，就行了

请下载最新 。NET

这是你的显卡驱动出了问题~~ 你最好是到官网上去下载个最新的显卡驱动~~

= = 换显卡驱动

我感觉野兔死了之后，荣誉勋章：战士玩开来就感觉很阴沉，尤其是第一关的时候玩起来很悲伤

far awary from home

分我不要你去贴吧问问

1、雄心壮志是茫茫黑夜中的北斗星。 ambition is the big dipper in the vast darkness. 2、目光短浅的人，是没有远大理想的。 short-sighted people, there is no broad ideal. 3、松驰的琴弦，永远奏不出时代的强音。 the strings of relaxation, never played the forte of the times. 4、人生就像文具盒，我们每天都在装笔。 life is like a pencil case, we every day in the pen. 5、灵感不过是顽强的劳动而获得的奖赏。 inspiration is just tough labor for reward. 6、成功在优点的发挥，失败是缺点的累积。 success in the advantages of the play, failure is the accumulation of disadvantages. 7、让挡在你面前的绊脚石成为你的垫脚石。 make a stumbling block to block in front of you your stepping stone. 8、没有目标的人永远为有目标的人去努力。 no target for targeted people forever. 9、就算全世界都否定我，还有我自己相信我。 even if the whole world deny me, and i believe me. 10、自信是成功的前提，勤奋是成功的催化剂。 self-confidence is the premise of success, diligence is the catalyst of success. 11、人生如路，须在荒凉中走出繁华的风景来！ life is like a road, must be out of the bustling in the desolate landscape! 12、伤痛不会让我消沉，只能激发我更强的斗志！ pain won"t let me down, only inspire me stronger will to fight! 13、喜欢吹嘘的人犹如一面大鼓，响声大腹中空。 people like to boast is like a big drum, make the greatest sound very empty. 14、学在苦中求，勤中练；不怕学问浅，怕志短。 learning in the bitter, frequently in practice; not learning shallow, short. 15、功成名就不是目的，让自己快乐这才叫意义。 success is not an end, enjoy yourself now that"s meaning. 16、岁月是百代的过客，而逝去的年华也是旅客。 years is one hundred generations of the traveler, but lost time is also a passenger. 17、此刻打盹，你将做梦，而此刻学习，你将圆梦。 this moment will nap, you will have a dream, but this moment study, you will interpreta dream. 18、人的强烈愿望一旦产生，可能很快会转变成信念。 once produced, the people"s strong desire could soon be transformed into faith. 19、浪漫就像漂亮的晚礼服，但你不可能一直穿着他。 romance is like a beautiful evening dress, but you can"t always wear him. 20、现在睡觉的话会做梦，而现在学习的话会让梦实现。 sleep now will have a dream, but now learning words will let the dream to achieve. 21、所有的胜利，与征服自己的胜利比起来，都是微不足道。 all of the victory, and conquer oneself of victory, are insignificant. 22、天空对我微微笑，叫我别光顾着仰望而忘记给它着色。 sky smiles to me, that i don"t visit the look on and forget to give it color. 23、善待自己，不被别人左右，也不去左右别人，自信优雅。 treat yourself, don"t be about others, also don"t go around others, confident and elegant. 24、在事实面前，我们的想象力越发达，后果就越不堪设想。 the more advanced the in front of the fact that our imagination, the consequence is unimaginable. 25、如果为了安全而不和大海在一起，船就失去了存在的意义。 if for the sake of safety and not to the sea together, the ship has lost the meaning of existence. 26、迷人的美人，不一定心底空虚；傻大姐不一定不聪明超奇。 charming beauty, not the bottom of my heart empty; silly elder sister doesn"t not smart super. 27、每天晚上疲惫地坐到椅子上时，才觉得真真切切地过了一天。 every night to sit in a chair, exhausted from a day didn"t feel real. 28、现在他们确实比我强，但我相信在不久的将来会打败他们。 now they do better than me, but i believe that in the near future to defeat them. 29、道路多歧，善择者少走弯路；人生多惑，善辨者少入迷途。 road, more choice is engaged; life, more eloquently into lost less. 30、快乐是一种香水，无法倒在别人身上，而自己却不沾上一些。 happiness is a perfume, can not pour on others, don"t touch some on yourself. 31、输赢并不在乎外在的强弱─完全发挥你内在的特质才是重要。 winning or losing doesn"t care about the strength of the external ─ fully display your inner quality is important. 32、没有人因水的平淡而厌倦饮水，也没有人因生活的平淡而摒弃生活。 no one tired of drinking water by water flat, and no one is for life dull without life. 33、如果你想有所作为，那么认准方向后就必须坚持到底，有始有终。 if you want to do something, then look for direction must stick to it, after finish. 34、有理想在的地方，地狱就是天堂。有希望在的地方，痛苦也成欢乐。 the place which the ideal is in, the hell maybe a heaven. the place which hope is in, the pain may becomes happiness. 35、经常不断地学习，你就什么都知道。你知道得越多，你就越有力量。 always keep learning, you will know everything. the more you know, the more you have the strength.

, In addition to the traditional front-end exhaust oxidation catalytic device, there are a SCR catalytic reduction devices and back-end of the oxidation catalyst device.The location of the device as shown in Figure 2 and function. Front-end will be the catalyst in the exhaust CO and HC oxidation to CO2 and H2O, and NO oxidation to NO2. SCR catalyst to reduce NOx emissions while, back-end of the catalyst is used to purify the remaining NH3.Urea - SCR catalytic reduction of the basic principle is: In the heat of the exhaust gas contains 32.5% added to the water-based urea solution, the solution stored in an additional stainless steel or plastic storage box, through the metering valve by continuous injection to restore the SCR catalytic converter before the exhaust.Selective Catalytic Reduction refers to the installation of catalytic converters in diesel vehicle exhaust systems, diesel engine exhaust to catalytic reduction of NOx into N2 and O2 of the catalytic converter device. Urea solution through a heating pipe from the tank of urea has been learned, and then use compressed air to be blown evenly urea solution gas, the urea solution is gasified and the release of ammonia, and then in the SCR catalytic converter system make accelerated NOx into nitrogen and water clean.Before the injection, the solution containing urea through a grille to fully atomized in the hot exhaust of the effect of urea has been converted to ammonia, with the catalytic converter NOx react in the produce nitrogen and water. The elimination of NOx quantity and in proportion to the amount of urea. In order to achieve Europe Ⅳ standards, the consumption of urea accounts for about 6% of diesel fuel. The following is the basic equation of chemical reaction.Pyrolysis of urea:(NO2) 2CO → HNCO +2 NH3 hydrolysis: HNCO + H2O → CO2 +2 NH3 synthesis:(NH2) 2CO + H2O → CO2 +2 NH3NOx conversion:4NO +4 NH3 + O2 → CO2 +2 NH36NO2 +8 NH3 → 7N2 +12 H2OUrea must be injected into the volume to match the concentration of NOx, while ensuring at the same time to reduce NOx, can not exceed a certain dose. Amount of urea injected into the small, amounting to less than the level of treatment due; urea injected into the excessive, the excess ammonia will into the atmosphere, lead to new pollution. Therefore, must have a high sensitivity of the NOx concentration sensor and the corresponding high-precision injection of urea.In order to choose the best way to remove NOx, it is necessary to study the exhaust emissions of diesel engines, especially when the temperature of NOx emissions as well as the concentration range.Test data show that about 80% of NOx is the largest load in the diesel engine emissions, the corresponding temperature range of 350 ~ 550 ℃. Exhaust through the exhaust pipe as a result there will be a certain degree of cooling, so the work of catalytic converter temperature may be limited to 250 ~ 500 ℃.The efficiency of the SCR depends on the gas temperature, if the 200 ~ 500 ℃ in the temperature range, its efficiency is 85%, the actual operating conditions of vehicles can meet this requirement. Europe Ⅳ standard conversion rate is 50%, Europe Ⅴ standard of 70%, the SCR system is fully able to meet the requirements.China is actively implementing a more stringent emission regulations, particularly in the development of a heavy-duty dieselEmission standards for petrol vehicles, and its implementation steps are: 1 January, 2008 implementation of Euro Ⅲ emission regulations, January 1, 2011 the implementation of emission regulations in Europe Ⅳ. To achieve the emission standards in Europe Ⅳ, urea - SCR catalytic diesel engine exhaust gas purification technology is the most effective pollution control technologies. However, the technology to be applied in our country, there are still many problems. First of all, technical issues, the need for Euro Ⅲ machine engine to improve combustion technology, coupled with the after-treatment devices, technically complex, multi-system components. In order to meet the new standards may have to mature technology from abroad.Moreover the cost is, SCR technology in fact more complex than the DPF technology, the cost is relatively high; engines are basically the use of high-pressure common-rail technology, the cost of this technology costs about 50% of the engine, the engine manufacturers to great pressure stresses; Although SCR systems EGR system for sulfur content as low as 200ppm, but China"s oil has not yet meet this requirement. In addition, there is the issue of urea added stations, the need for national planning and government support.

格莱美一次，和JZ同台演唱。我知道的有德国演唱会，纽约演唱会两次，上海演唱会，香港演唱会，德国音乐节，莫斯科演唱会，东京演唱会，德州演唱会，米尔顿凯恩斯演唱会，马德里演唱会，葡萄牙演唱会，底特律演唱会，费城公开义演~~~

the catalyst

系在个驱动精灵更下下就可以了

Life is not a boundless plains, thorns and gully is inevitable, in the face ofdifficulties and setbacks, we should not be pessimistic, to take a positive attitude to face. Optimistic to the life, such as freedom of the birds, the flowers and plantsis not the lack of sunlight, it is our success of the catalyst, with an optimistic attitude on the road, maybe success is not far away from us.Hidden in the grass and flowers are solitary, but it still arbitrary open; flowing in the mountains alone is lonely, but it is still in the Ding Dong song; from the tallbranches quietly drifting leaves is helpless, but he is still in love dance. What is the force support them not to bow to destiny? Is positive, optimistic! Is a positivemental attitude, it is like a bright red flag, give people infinite power, leading youto make progress. At the same time, optimism is a catalyst for success, urgingyou to move forward, until the success of that day.

ipod

1、把自己当傻瓜，不懂就问，你会学的更多。 Make a fool of yourself, don"t understand asked, you will learn more. 2、追逐梦想的过程或许是艰难的，但我绝不后悔。 The process of chasing the dream may be tough, but I have no regret. 3、历史是人写出来的，路是人踏出来的。 History is written, the road is coming out. 4、智的人决不坐下来为失败而哀号，他们一定乐观地寻找办法来加以挽救。 Wise man will not sit down and cry for the failure, they must be looking for ways to save them with optimism. 5、挫折可以打击我；但不可以击败我。 Setbacks can attack me; But you can"t beat me. 6、漫无目的的生活就像出海航行而没有指南针。 Aimless life is like sailing without a compass. 7、雄心壮志是茫茫黑夜中的北斗星。 Ambition is the big dipper in the vast darkness. 8、所有的痛苦都是人生的宝贵财富，痛苦是生活给予你的最深刻的学习。 All pain is the Pcious wealth of life, the pain is life will give you the most profound learning. 9、理智要比心灵为高，思想要比感情可靠。 Reason is higher than the soul thought than relationship is reliable. 10、路的尽头，仍然是路，只要你愿意走。 The end of the road, is still a road, as long as you are willing to go. 11、自信是成功的第一秘诀。 Confidence in yourself is the first secret of success. 12、兴之所至，心之所安；尽其在我，顺其自然。 Xing strikes, Ann heart; As in, I let nature take its course. 13、平生无一事可瞒人，此是大快。 For all things to deceive people, this is big fast. 14、人生至恶是善谈人过；人生至愚恶闻己过。 And the evil is good to talk about life. Life is to fool the evil WenJi. 15、即使再甜的糖，也有苦的一天。 Although again sweet candy, also has a bitter day. 16、这个社会上聪明人很多，但大家都喜欢同老实人打交道。 The wise man many, but all like dealing with an honest man. 17、不宽恕众生，不原谅众生，是苦了你自己。 Do not forgive not forgive to be enlightened, is suffer yourself. 18、我想用萤火虫来点亮青春路上的一盏盏灯。 I want to use fireflies light up youth YiZhanZhan lights on the road. 19、一个人的生死并非命中注定，一个人的富贵取决于钱的多少。 A person"s life and death is not meant to be, a person"s wealth depends on the amount of money. 20、我除了要按照我内心自然产生的愿望去生活之外，别无它求。 I in addition to, in accordance with the natural desire to live outside, my heart has no its desire. 21、世上本没有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。 There no road, walk of person many, also then became road. 22、要敢于自我突破，每一次突破可能都会是一次质的飞跃。 Dare to be ourselves, every breakthrough may will be a qualitative leap. 23、信念有时会在坚持中创造奇迹，可以匪夷所思的东西变成现实。 Faith will sometimes work wonders in insisting, can be strange things into reality. 24、君子有三惜；此生不学可惜，此日闲过可惜，此身一败可惜。 The gentleman has three pity; This life not learn bad, from this day idle unfortunately, the body is a pity. 25、话多不如话少，话少不如话好。 Words more than words, words less than good words. 26、积极向上的心态，是成功者的最基本要素。 The positive point of view, is the most basic elements of successful. 27、学习不要害怕吃苦，只要努力，就一定能冲到终点。 Learning don"t be afraid to endure hardship, as long as you work hard, we will be able to rush to the finish line. 28、不尊重别人的自尊心，就好像一颗经不住阳光的宝石。 Don"t respect others" self-esteem, as if a stone giving of sunshine. 29、滴水穿石，不是因其力量，而是因其坚韧不拔、锲而不舍。 Constant dropping wears away a stone, not because of its power, but because of its perseverance, perseverance. 30、我一定要，马上行动，决不放弃！ I must insist on, act now, and never give up! 31、人没有牺牲就没有获得，如果要获得什么就必须付出同等的代价。 No sacrifice, no gain, if you want to get what you have to pay the same price. 32、人生富贵驹过隙，唯有荣名寿金石。 Life rich colts gap, only the glory of life away the stone. 33、要克服生活的焦虑和沮丧，得先学会做自己的主人。 To overcome the anxiety and dePssion of life, must learn to do his own master. 34、千里之行，始于足下。细节决定成败美丑。 A thousand-li journey is started, the first step. Detail decides success or failure of beauty and ugliness. 35、没有爱情的人生是什么？是没有黎明的长夜！ What is life without love? Is not the night of the dawn! 36、没有人因水的平淡而厌倦饮水，也没有人因生活的平淡而摒弃生活。 No one tired of drinking water by water flat, and no one is for life dull without life. 37、有梦想什么时候都不算晚。尽管可能会失败，但是知道自己尽力了。 Have a dream what time is not late. Though may fail, but I know that I tried my best. 38、道路坎坷事不期，疾风劲草练男儿。 Practice man bumpy things, not the test. 39、为我们的未来而奋斗；为我们的目标而斗争。 Struggle for our future; The struggle for our goal. 40、人的才华就如海绵的水，没有外力的挤压，它是绝对流不出来的。 Talent as sponge in the water, there is no external force of extrusion, it is an absolute flow not to come out. 41、我为母校而感到无比骄傲，也要让母校为我感到自豪七。 I feel very proud for his Alma mater, also want to let the proud of my Alma mater seven. 42、永不放弃是你梦想实现的秘诀。 Never give up, that is the secret of your dream come true. 43、你希望掌握永恒，那你必须控制现在。 You want to be familiar with the eternal, you must control now. 44、仰望险峰，只能知道它的高大，而探索险峰，却能知道自己的高大。 Looking up at the perilous peak, can only know its tall, and explore the perilous peak, but can know their tall. 45、别人的错误不是你犯错的借口。 The mistakes of others is not an excuse to you make a mistake. 46、自古圣贤成大业，未有不由学而成者。 Ancient sages into cause, did not learn. 47、对于不屈不挠的人来说，没有失败这回事。 For the persevering, no failure. 48、生活就像一道菜，没有酸甜苦辣怎能有滋味。 Life is like a dish, not sweet, how can taste. 49、我是一个单核奔腾，但是我会散发出我拥有的热情。 I am a single core pentium, but I will send out a passion I have. 50、有能力的人影响别人，没能力的人，受人影响。 Have the ability to influence others, no ability, affected by the people. 51、自信是成功的前提，勤奋是成功的催化剂。 Self-confidence is the Pmise of success, diligence is the catalyst of success. 52、学习就像爬山。爬上这一座头，还有另一座更高的山，永无终点。 Learning is like climbing a mountain. Climb to the top of the head with a higher mountain, never end. 53、事前多操心，所以事后无忧愁，事情来了才操心，一切都已太迟。 Prior to worry, so no sorrow, things come to worry about, everything is too late. 54、浪费时间叫虚度，剥用时间叫生活。 Waste of time wasted, peel with time is called life. 55、世界会给那些有目标和远见的人让路。 The world makes way for those who have goals and vision. 56、面对命运不妥协，面对困难不退缩，这样才能做自己的英雄。 In the face of fate don"t compromise, in the face of difficulties don"t flinch, such ability to do their own hero. 57、真正的?者，不是流?的人，而是含?奔跑的人。 The real strong, not tears, but tears run. 58、你左右不了你的环境，但是你可以左右你的心境。 Around you today and your environment, but you can control your mood. 59、脆弱的人，只懂得怜悯自己，而不知反省自己。 Vulnerable people, understand only pity yourself, and reflect on yourself. 60、雄鹰可以飞得晚，但一定要飞得高。 The eagle can fly late, but must fly high. 61、天道酬勤，也许你付出了不一定得到回报，但不付出一定得不到回报。 God reward those who work hard, you may paid not necessarily return, but not pay no reward. 62、理想，在努力奋斗里开花，在坚持不懈里结果。 Ideal, flower in the struggle, the results in the persistence. 63、过去不等于未来；没有失败，只有暂时停止成功；采取更大量的行动。 The past doesn"t equal the future; There is no failure, only temporarily stop success; To take a more massive action. 64、复杂中带着简单的思考，是人和动物的分别。 With the simple thinking, in the complex is people and animals, respectively. 65、以善为本，以德为准，享乐是一种空洞，快乐喜悦是一种深刻。 To good, good for shall Pvail, pleasure is a kind of empty, happy happiness is a kind of profound. 66、青春的浓雾散尽以后，裸露出时间的荒原。 The youth after the fog clears, naked time of wilderness. 67、闪光的未必都是金子，但金子一定会闪光。 All that glitters is not gold, but gold will glitter. 68、船放在港口最安全，但那不是造船的目的。 Ship in port is the most safe, but that"s not what ships are for. 69、人生的成功不在于拿到一副好牌，而是怎样将坏牌打好。 The success of life is not to get a good CARDS, but how bad card play be good. 70、认识自己，降伏自己，改变自己，才能改变别人。 Know themselves, yield themselves, change yourself to change others. 71、古之成大事者，不唯有超世之才，亦必有坚韧不拔之志也。 Ancient into event of not only the special, also there will be a perseverance of volunteers also. 72、要让心中有一块燃烧着的火炭，而眼中却没有一珠泪花。 Let the heart have a piece of burning charcoal, but eyes no tears. 73、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。 Will is a strong blind, on the bright eye of the lame man"s shoulder. 74、余生平所作文章，多在三上：乃马上，枕上，厕上也。 Articles made of more than life, more on the three: is immediately, pillow, CeShang also. 75、努力是成功的基石，只要努力，相信明天会更好。 Hard work is the cornerstone of success, as long as you work hard, believe that tomorrow will be better. 76、很多事先天注定，那是命；但你可以可以决定怎么面对，那是运。 Many days in advance to, that is life; But you can decide how to face, that is luck. 77、昨晚多几分钟的准备，今天少几小时的麻烦。 Last night a few extra minutes of Pparation, fewer hours of trouble today. 78、天生我材必有用。 Inherent my material will be useful. 79、人之所以不幸福，不是因为不满足，而是因为不知足！ People are not happy, not because they don"t meet, but because of who I am not satisfied! 80、坚其志，苦其心，劳其力，事无大小，必有所成。 Established his will, his bitter heart, its force, for everything will become. 81、时间埋葬了多少具青春的尸体，撕心裂肺的践踏着回忆。 How much time to bury the youth bodies, tore heart crack lung of treading on memories. 82、给弱者一份挑战书，远比掬一把同情的泪更有力量。 The weak have a gauntlet, far more powerful than scooped a sympathetic tears. 83、一时的忍耐是为了更广阔的自由，一时的纪律约束是为了更大的成功。 A moment of patience is for a broader freedom, discipline is the whim of the moment is for the sake of greater success.

This thesis mainly elaborated to produce the development history and the generation of cents of the Ziegler － Natta( Z- N) catalyst of the polypropylene usage, a production craft that introduced the polypropylene, pass the data contrast analyzes to be the main catalyst in come together respond process of Ti- Mg department carry type of figure efficiently C 烯 comes together the catalyst of characteristics, structure and function, borrow to say to come together to respond the reaction mechanism in the process at the same time:Activate the reaction;The formation activates the center;The chain cause;The chain growth and chains terminate, explaining the catalyst in PP come together respond of application.

　　GNSS即全球卫星导航系统，广泛地应用于定位、授时、导航等诸多民用和军事领域。GPS系统基于无线电单向测距和CDMA技术实现，在当前诸多卫星导航系统中技术上最具典型性，使用也最为普遍。我精心收集了关于gps的英语小短文，供大家欣赏学习! 　　关于gps的英语小短文：GPS Cell Phones 　　Motivated by the events of 9/11 2001 and problems with 911 calls from cellular phones, the FCC requires that by the end of 2005 all cell phone carriers must be able to trace the location of cell phone calls to within a range of no more than 100 meters. 　　Cell phones are already available with GPS technology installed. These systems are not the same as the GPS devices used by hikers, mariners and drivers. Lower cost models do not allow the user to enter data such as mapping software. All systems require a wireless network. 　　Cell phones with GPS technology use AGPS (Assisted Global Positioning System). Assisted because the system uses both cell phone towers and satellites as location finders. 　　There are advantages and disadvantages in the new technology. The cost to implement the program will be passed on to consumers -- cell phones will cost more. Privacy is a real concern with the general public especially in this day of identity theft. It is a concern that unknown people will be able to access your location. Also there is a possibility that the spam you are flooded with on your home computer will now be sent to your cell phone. 　　Using GPS cell phones to track people has some great advantages. Locating kids and family can be a blessing. Remember though, if you try to locate someone who is out of your calling area, you will be charged extra. 　　The obvious benefit for the consumer is the issue of emergency aid and that was the catalyst for this whole idea of GPS cell phones. A 911 call that can be quickly located, emergency roadside assistance, locating persons missing in remote areas, the list goes on. If coverage is available then GPS cell phones save lives. 　　Many carriers already have GPS cell phones available. You can buy the basic model for emergency tracking or you can pay for the technology that turns the cell phone into a sophisticated mapping, PDA system. Problems are still an issue with the advanced features. The more you use the advanced features, the greater the drain on the battery. Increasing battery size also increases the cell phone size and that is a problem for most consumers who want ever smaller, lighter devices to carry around. At this time Japan seems to have the edge on developing the high-end miniature GPS cell phone. 　　Sacrificing privacy for safety is the issue and I suspect that it would only take one positive outcome in an emergency situation to make the decision for you. 　　As the systems become more and more refined camera and PDA capabilities are being included into the phone itself. Developments in GPS cell phone technology are continuing. If programmers can solve the issues of privacy then the potential for GPS cell phones is incredible. It will no longer be an issue of "Can you hear me now?" Rather the question will be, "Can you find me now?" 　　Anne King is a sports and recreation writer in Boise, Idaho. For more information on GPS cell phones, visit Maps GPS Info.com which also provides practical information on GPS and maps that everyone can use. The website includes product reviews and a maps/GPS glossary. 　　关于gps的英语小短文：神秘的暗物质可用GPS卫星探测到 　　The everyday use of a GPS device might be to find your way around town or even navigate a hiking trail, but for two physicists, the Global Positioning System might be a tool in directly detecting and measuring dark matter, so far an elusive but ubiquitous form of matter responsible for the formation of galaxies. Andrei Derevianko, of the University of Nevada, Reno, and his colleague Maxim Pospelov, of the University of Victoria and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada, have proposed a method for a dark-matter search with GPS satellites and other atomic clock networks that compares times from the clocks and looks for discrepancies. 　　"Despite solid observational evidence for the existence of dark matter, its nature remains a mystery," Derevianko, a professor in the College of Science at the University, said. "Some research programs in particle physics assume that dark matter is composed of heavy-particle-like matter. This assumption may not hold true, and significant interest exists for alternatives." 　　"Modern physics and cosmology fail dramatically in that they can only explain 5 percent of mass and energy in the universe in the form of ordinary matter, but the rest is a mystery." 　　There is evidence that dark energy is about 68 percent of the mystery mass and energy. The remaining 27 percent is generally acknowledged to be dark matter, even though it is not visible and eludes direct detection and measurement. 　　"Our research pursues the idea that dark matter may be organized as a large gas-like collection of topological defects, or energy cracks," Derevianko said. "We propose to detect the defects, the dark matter, as they sweep through us with a network of sensitive atomic clocks. The idea is, where the clocks go out of synchronization, we would know that dark matter, the topological defect, has passed by. In fact, we envision using the GPS constellation as the largest human-built dark-matter detector." 　　Their research was well-received by the scientific community when the theory was presented at scientific conferences this year, and their paper on the topic appears today in the online version of the scientific journal Nature Physics, ahead of the print version. 　　关于gps的英语小短文：With the widespread use of technologies like GPS and Internet-connected cameras 　　With the widespread use of technologies like GPS and Internet-connected cameras, parents can now keep an eye on their children wherever they are. 　　The combination of high-tech tools and highly-protective parents has set off the creation of a GPS-equipped wristwatch that allows parents to listen in real time to what their children are doing. The device has caused complaints from teachers since some parents began equipping their children with the watch so they can listen in on what happens at school. 　　A teacher surnamed You at a well-known primary school in Pudong New Area discovered someone was eavesdropping(偷听) on her lessons after a parent of one of her students posted something she said online while class was still on. You soon found out the parent had given her child a watch that could send out the sounds in the classroom to her mobile phone. Soon, other parents decided to equip their own children with the devices. 　　You was annoyed to find out her students" parents were spying on her. It made her feel as if they distrusted her. After You told her fellow teachers what had happened, they discovered that some of their students were also wearing the watches.

先上网，让后登陆浩方平台，左边点竞技，找到魔兽要玩的地图，进房间，ok

1、 monolith 单块。2、close-coupled catalyst 密偶催化剂3、cpsi 催化剂的孔密度,业内普遍采用的单位是cpsi (channels per square inch),每平方英寸横截面上的孔道数

[00:02.07]Linkin Park - The Catalyst[00:18.74][00:33.29]God bless us every one 上帝保佑我们每一个人[00:35.49]We"re a broken people living under loaded gun 我们却是活在枪口之下不完整的人[00:39.05]And it can"t be outfought 谁都无法脱离争斗[00:41.13]It can"t be outdone 永远没有结束[00:42.90]It can"t be outmatched 永远无法停止较量[00:44.77]It can"t be outrun 永远无法停下脚步[00:46.26]No no[00:47.20]God bless us every one 上帝保佑我们每一个人[00:49.71]We"re a broken people living under loaded gun 我们却是活在枪口之下不完整的人[00:53.26]And it can"t be outfought 谁都无法脱离争斗[00:55.20]It can"t be outdone 永远没有结束[00:57.07]It can"t be outmatched 永远无法停止较量[00:58.87]It can"t be outrun 永远无法停下脚步[01:00.57]No no[01:01.69][01:01.90]And when I close my eyes tonight 当我今夜在无数的炫目的光线中闭上眼睛[01:04.90]To symphonies of blinding light[01:08.57](God bless us every one / we"re a broken people living under loaded gun)[01:14.89]Oh / like memories in cold decay 好像记忆彻底的腐朽了[01:19.21]Transmissions echoing away 传送的信息回荡着散开[01:22.79]Far from the world of you and I远离我们所在的世界[01:26.32]Where oceans bleed into the sky去到大海渗入天空的地方[01:31.63][01:44.31]God save us every one 上帝拯救我们每一个人[01:46.63]Will we burn inside the fires of a thousand suns 我们会在一千个太阳的火焰中被焚烧吗[01:50.15]For the sins of our hand 因为我们手上肮脏的罪恶[01:52.12]The sins of our tongue 那源自我们语言中的罪恶[01:53.92]The sins of our father 那来自我们父辈的罪恶[01:55.82]The sins of our young 那来自下一代的罪恶[01:57.43]No no[01:58.41]God save us every one 上帝拯救我们每一个人[02:00.86]Will we burn inside the fires of a thousand suns 我们会在一千个太阳的火焰中被焚烧吗[02:04.45]For the sins of our hand 因为我们手上肮脏的罪恶[02:06.47]The sins of our tongue 那源自我们语言中的罪恶[02:08.22]The sins of our father 那来自我们父辈的罪恶[02:10.14]The sins of our young 那来自下一代的罪恶[02:11.65]No no[02:12.84][02:13.20]And when I close my eyes tonight当我今夜在无数的炫目的光线中闭上眼睛[02:16.16]To symphonies of blinding light[02:19.85](God save us every one上帝拯救我们每一个人 /[02:22.17]will we burn inside the fires of a thousand suns我们会在一千个太阳的火焰中被焚烧吗)[02:25.90]Oh / like memories in cold decay好像记忆彻底的腐朽了[02:30.33]Transmissions echoing away传送的信息回荡着散开[02:33.91]Far from the world of you and I远离我们所在的世界[02:37.38]Where oceans bleed into the sky去到大海渗入天空的地方[02:44.28][03:09.07]Oh / like memories in cold decay 好像记忆彻底的腐朽了[03:13.02]Transmissions echoing away 传送的信息回荡着散开[03:16.61]Far from the world of you and I远离我们所在的世界[03:20.21]Where oceans bleed into the sky去到大海渗入天空的地方[03:30.38][03:36.54]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[03:43.80]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[03:50.86]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[03:57.92]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[04:05.09]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[04:12.14]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[04:19.30]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[04:26.36]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[04:33.52]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[04:40.61]Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走[04:49.04]God bless us every one 上帝保佑我们每一个人[04:51.58]We"re a broken people living under loaded gun 我们却是活在枪口之下不完整的人[04:55.07]And it can"t be outfought 谁都无法脱离争斗[04:57.02]It can"t be outdone 永远没有结束[04:58.80]It can"t be outmatched 永远无法停止较量[05:00.60]It can"t be outrun 永远无法停下脚步[05:02.34]No no[05:03.26]God bless us every one 上帝保佑我们每一个人[05:05.67]We"re a broken people living under loaded gun 我们却是活在枪口之下不完整的人[05:09.23]And it can"t be outfought 谁都无法脱离争斗[05:11.21]It can"t be outdone 永远没有结束[05:13.03]It can"t be outmatched 永远无法停止较量[05:14.79]It can"t be outrun 永远无法停下脚步

God bless us every one 上帝保佑我们每一个人We"re a broken people living under loaded gun 我们却是活在枪口之下不完整的人And it can"t be outfought 谁都无法脱离争斗It can"t be outdone 永远没有结束It can"t be outmatched 永远无法停止较量It can"t be outrun 永远无法停下脚步No noAnd when I close my eyes tonight 当我今夜在无数的炫目的光线中闭上眼睛To symphonies of blinding light(God bless us every one / we"re a broken people living under loaded gun)Oh / like memories in cold decay 好像记忆彻底的腐朽了Transmissions echoing away 传送的信息回荡着散开Far from the world of you and I远离我们所在的世界Where oceans bleed into the sky去到大海渗入天空的地方God save us every one 上帝拯救我们每一个人Will we burn inside the fires of a thousand suns 我们会在一千个太阳的火焰中被焚烧吗For the sins of our hand 因为我们手上肮脏的罪恶The sins of our tongue 那源自我们语言中的罪恶The sins of our father 那来自我们父辈的罪恶The sins of our young 那来自下一代的罪恶No noAnd when I close my eyes tonight当我今夜在无数的炫目的光线中闭上眼睛To symphonies of blinding light(God save us every one上帝拯救我们每一个人 / will we burn inside the fires of a thousand suns我们会在一千个太阳的火焰中被焚烧吗)Oh / like memories in cold decay好像记忆彻底的腐朽了Transmissions echoing away传送的信息回荡着散开Far from the world of you and I远离我们所在的世界Where oceans bleed into the sky去到大海渗入天空的地方Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走

God bless us every one 上帝保佑我们每一个人We"re a broken people living under loaded gun 我们却是活在枪口之下不完整的人And it can"t be outfought 谁都无法脱离争斗It can"t be outdone 永远没有结束It can"t be outmatched 永远无法停止较量It can"t be outrun 永远无法停下脚步No noAnd when I close my eyes tonight 当我今夜在无数的炫目的光线中闭上眼睛To symphonies of blinding light(God bless us every one / we"re a broken people living under loaded gun)Oh / like memories in cold decay 好像记忆彻底的腐朽了Transmissions echoing away 传送的信息回荡着散开Far from the world of you and I远离我们所在的世界Where oceans bleed into the sky去到大海渗入天空的地方God save us every one 上帝拯救我们每一个人Will we burn inside the fires of a thousand suns 我们会在一千个太阳的火焰中被焚烧吗For the sins of our hand 因为我们手上肮脏的罪恶The sins of our tongue 那源自我们语言中的罪恶The sins of our father 那来自我们父辈的罪恶The sins of our young 那来自下一代的罪恶No noAnd when I close my eyes tonight当我今夜在无数的炫目的光线中闭上眼睛To symphonies of blinding light(God save us every one上帝拯救我们每一个人 / will we burn inside the fires of a thousand suns我们会在一千个太阳的火焰中被焚烧吗)Oh / like memories in cold decay好像记忆彻底的腐朽了Transmissions echoing away传送的信息回荡着散开Far from the world of you and I远离我们所在的世界Where oceans bleed into the sky去到大海渗入天空的地方Lift me up, let me go 带我走 让我走

怎么处理这个问题

歌曲名:Catalyst歌手:Dave Douglas专辑:Strange LiberationCatalystArtist: Anna NalickSong: CatalystL.A. lights never shine quite as bright as in the moviesStill wanna go?"Cause something hereIn the way, in the way that we"re constantly movingReminds you of homeSo you"re taking these pillsFor to fill up your soulAnd you"re drinking them down with cheap alcoholAnd I"d be inclined to be yours for the takingAnd part of this terrible mess that you"re makingBut me, I"m the catalystWhen you say love is a simple chemical reactionCan"t say I agree"Cause my chemical, yeah, left me a beautiful disasterStill love"s all I seeSo I"m taking these pills for to fill up my soulAnd I"m drinking them down with cheap alcoholAnd you"d be inclined to be mine for the takingAnd part of this terrible mess that I"m makingBut you, you"re the catalystYou"ll be the veinYou"ll be the painYou"ll be the scarYou"ll be the road, rolling belowThe wheels of a carAnd all of the thoughts, on GodDon"t know if I"m strong enough nowYou"ll be the veinYou"ll be the painYou"ll be theCatalystThese L.A. lights, no no,They don"t shine quite as bright as back in FriscoDo you wanna go?Still wanna gohttp://music.baidu.com/song/8344758

1、八小时的训练，痛的只是身体，但如果输球，你痛的是心。 Eight hours of training, the pain is only the body, but if you lose, your pain is the heart. 2、别关注你做了什么，而要关注你如何做。 Don"t focus on what you do, focus on how you do it. 3、只要心够决！ As long as the heart is determined! 4、我没法和懒人相处，我们讲的不是同一种语言，我不了解懒人，也不想去了解。 I can"t get along with lazy people. We don"t speak the same language. I don"t know lazy people and I don"t want to know them. 5、我正在跟伟大的球员进行对抗，跟世界上最好的球员进行对抗。这种对抗是我一直都渴望着的。 I"m playing against great players, against the best players in the world. This confrontation is something I"ve always wanted. 6、朋友来来去去，只有冠军旗帜永远飘扬。 Friends come and go, only the champion flag will fly forever. 7、我现在所做的一切，都是为了追求完美。 All I do now is to pursue perfection. 8、我想要英年早逝，我想名垂千史。 I want to die young, I want to be famous. 9、爱我或者恨我，两者必有其一。 Love me or hate me, there must be one of them. 10、总有人要赢的，那为什么不能是我呢！ There are always people who want to win, then why not me! 11、我不想做第二个乔丹，我只想做第一个科比。 I don"t want to be the second Jordan, I just want to be the first Kobe. 12、我是联盟最好的后卫。也许我不是最好的球员，但我认为没有人比我更出色。 I"m the best defender in the league. Maybe I"m not the best player, but I don"t think anyone is better than me. 13、没有人见过洛杉矶早上四点钟的样子，我见过。 No one has seen Los Angeles at four in the morning. I have. 14、如果你害怕失败，那么你很可能会失败。 If you are afraid of failure, you are likely to fail. 15、我现在所做的，是为了追求更加完美！ What I do now is to pursue more perfection! 16、每次进入球馆，我感觉自己能击败所有人。 Every time I enter the stadium, I feel like I can beat everyone. 17、恨我，因为我渴望你伟大，而伟大，需要不惜一切代价。 Hate me, because I long for you to be great, and great, need at all costs. 18、我知道每天凌晨四点洛杉矶的样子。 I know what Los Angeles looks like at 4 a.m. every day. 19、只有站在那条路的终点，才会在回首的时候感到所有的付出都是值得的。 Only standing at the end of that road, will I feel that all the efforts are worth when I look back. 20、压力、挑战，这一切消极的东西都是我能够取得成功的催化剂。 Pressure, challenges, all these negative things are the catalyst for my success. 21、如果我感觉一些东西不对，我会呆在那不停地训练，直到我做到对为止。 If I feel something is wrong, I"ll stay there and train until I get it right. 22、总有人是要赢的，那为什么不是我呢。 There are always people who want to win, so why not me. 23、要抓住一切机会，向所有人证明你自己，证明你能够迎接挑战。 Take every opportunity to prove yourself to everyone and that you can meet the challenge. 24、无论谁防守我，我都坚信你将在我崩溃之前崩溃！ No matter who defends me, I firmly believe that you will collapse before I collapse! 25、压力、挑战，所有消极的东西都是成功的催化剂。 Pressure, challenges, all the negative things are the catalysts for success. 26、我也不愿意那么做，但是我不能坐着，看着一场大屠杀在我面前发生。 I don"t want to do that either, but I can"t sit and watch a massacre happen in front of me.

日本华纳昨日宣布，著名摇滚说唱乐队林肯公园的最新单曲《The Catalyst》将成为NBGI新作《机动战士高达极限对战》的主题歌。

tokio hotel的Monsoon和Darkside Of The Sun 和world behind my wall这三首是我觉得他们最好听的了.Tokio Hotel是风靡欧美的德国摇滚乐队，是德国新晋低龄摇滚乐队。我很喜欢主唱bill.建议你去听听看这三首.希望你会喜欢^-^

英语属于一门语言类学科。初期多背单词还是有效提高英语水平的，也可以看美剧增强语感，有效的提高英语水平。学习英语是一个勤能补拙的学科，只要坚持用正确的方法学习，成绩会有明显的提升。7-19岁的学生，有必要使用词典笔。词典笔可以从听力，口语，阅读等方面帮助孩子学好英语。词典笔还能点读大量优质的原版图书，帮助孩子增加阅读量，拓展知识面。词典笔就是为中小学生量身定制的学习工具！配合教材来辅导，英语作业不用愁。有些家长的英语底子一般，辅导不了孩子的英语作业，又不好意思老去麻烦老师。这时候就该词典笔出场了：可以反复收听原版音频，观看正版教学动画，收看名师讲解。不管是课后复习，还是课前预习，都能帮孩子学好课本知识。孩子学好了课本知识，课后作业自然能轻松搞定。这样一来，既能省去家长辅导作业的辛苦，又能帮孩子养成自主学习的习惯，一举两得！平时练习当考试，正式考试当练习进入中小学之后，英语口语被提上日程。不少家长自己就吃过“哑巴英语”的亏，不想孩子也走同样的弯路，更何况中高考英语口语考试在一些城市已经开始了。这就意味着孩子每次练习口语都是高标准要求自己。当孩子适应了这样的练习，真正进考场的时候完全可以用对待练习的心态面对考试。这样一来，练习到位，心态又稳，轻轻松松就能发挥出自己的最佳水平，英语口语再也不是难题

去贴吧里问吧，他们很多人好像都做过关于他们的介绍。而且不是有吧刊么，你去找里面的介绍翻译一下不就行了

你的系统要求64位驱动

There are several factors that affect the rate of reaction: Concentration: Reaction rate increases with concentration as described by the rate law and explained by collision theory. As reactant concentration increases the frequency of collision increases. The nature of the reaction: Some reactions are naturally faster than others. The number of reacting species their physical state (the particles that form solids move much more slowly than those of gases or those in solution) the plexity of the reaction and other factors can influence greatly the rate of a reaction. Temperature: Conducting a reaction at a higher temperature delivers more energy into the system and increases the reaction rate by causing more collisions beeen particles as explained by collision theory. However the main reason why it increases the rate of reaction is that more of the colliding particles will have the necessary activation energy resulting in more successful collisions (when bonds are formed beeen reactants). The influence of temperature is described by the Arrhenius equation. As a rule of thumb reaction rates for many reactions double or triple for every 10 degrees Celsius increase in temperature.[2] For example coal burns in a fireplace in the presence of oxygen but it doesn"t when it is stored at room temperature. The reaction is spontaneous at low and high temperatures but at room temperature its rate is so slow that it is negligible. The increase in temperature as created by a match allows the reaction to start and then it heats itself because it is exothermic. That is valid for many other fuels such as methane butane hydrogen... Solvent: Many reactions take place in solution and the properties of the solvent affect the reaction rate. The ionic strength as well has an effect on reaction rate. Pressure: The rate of gaseous reactions increases with pressure which is in fact equivalent to an increase in concentration of the gas. Electromagic Radiation: Electromagic radiation is a form of energy so it may speed up the rate or even make a reaction spontaneous as it provides the particles of the reactants with more energy. This energy is in one way or another stored in the reacting particles (it may break bonds promote molecules to electronically or vibrationally excited states...) creating intermediate species that react easily. For example when methane reacts with chlorine in the dark the reaction rate is very slow. It can be sped up when the mixture is put under diffused light. In bright sunlight the reaction is explosive. A catalyst: The presence of a catalyst increases the reaction rate (in both the forward and reverse reactions) by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy. For example platinum catalyzes the bustion of hydrogen with oxygen at room temperature. Isotopes: The kiic isotope effect consists in a different reaction rate for the same molecule if it has different isotopes usually hydrogen isotopes because of the mass difference beeen hydrogen and deuterium. Surface Area: In reactions on surfaces which take place for example during heterogeneous catalysis the rate of reaction increases as the surface area does. That is due to the fact that more particles of the solid are exposed and can be hit by reactant molecules. Order: The order of the reaction controls how the reactant concentration affects reaction rate. All the factors that affect a reaction rate are taken into account in the rate equation of the reaction. concentration of reactant is one factor affect the rate of reaction. higher the concentration of the reactant they will have higher frequency of collision to undergo reaction. when the reaction is just begin the [reactant] is high. during the reaction. the reactant converted to product result in decreasing of [reactant] therefore the reaction rate decrease.

氢气：21世纪的能源我们都知道，氢原子是原子结构的代表。而氢气作为一种单独物质， 也已经在化学界占有重要的一席之地。氢气是由氢分子构成的一种无色无味气体。目前， 商业上生产的40%左右的氢气都用语生产氨，还有40%左右用于提炼汽油。而未来，氢气在燃料能源方面的用途会更大。液态氢，是广为人接受的一种的火箭燃料。氢燃烧产生的热量比等量的其他燃料更多。 气态氢也将成为21世纪最受欢迎的燃料。而且，氢在空气中燃烧产物是水，从这一点来说，它比化石燃料（如天然气，石油，煤）更有优势。化石燃料的燃烧产物是环境污染源之一。对环境有伤害的酸雨，就被部分归罪于燃煤和石油燃烧。这些燃料所含硫化物燃烧生产二氧化硫，与空气中的水反应形成硫酸，硫酸就是酸雨的主要成分。人们发现化石燃料燃烧的另一个产物二氧化碳可能也是一种主要污染物。自19世纪末大规模使用化石燃料以来，大气中的二氧化碳含量稳步上升。气候学家认为大气中二氧化碳含量的上升引发了的温室效应。大气中的二氧化碳就好像温棚里的玻璃一样，吸收红外线并将其辐射回地球表面，很可能这就急剧影响了地球的气候。控制大气中二氧化碳的排放量是个不小的挑战，最后的解决之道很可能就是向氢能源经济时代转换。在氢能源经济时代，氢将会成为最主要的能源载体。举个例子来说，汽车会改向使用氢燃料。氢不是第一级的能源资源，氢作为一种燃料，方便无污染，但是，生产氢本身就需要消耗其他的能源。碳氢化合物和水目前是生产氢的主要原料。反应过程中，天然气和石油中的水蒸气和碳氢化合物在高温高压下经镍的催化，生成一氧化碳和氢气。

1 Dongyan Liu, Xiaomin Huo, Jing Liu, Lei Shi* and Qi Sun, The Role of La2O3 and CeO2 Promoters in Ag/SiO2-ZnO Catalyst for the Vapor Phase Synthesis of Indole, Reac Kinet Mech Cat, 2010, 99(2): 3352 Haiyan Zhu, Xue Dong, Lei Shi* Qi Sun, Vapor phase synthesis of N-butylaniline over copper-based catalysts, J Natural Gas Chem, 2010, 19(1): 673 LÜ Wenhui, LIU Xinghai, LIU Dongyan, SHI Lei*, SUN Qi, Vapor-Phase Synthesis of 3-Methylindole over Fe-, Co-, or Ni-Promoted Ag/SiO2 Catalysts, J Chin Catal, 2009, 30(12): 12874 Yang Hu, Wenhui L¨u, Dongyan Liu, Jing Liu, Lei Shi*, Qi Sun, Effect of ZnO on the performance of Ag/SiO2 catalyst for the vapor-phase synthesis of 3-methylindole, J Natural Gas Chem, 2009, 18(4): 4455 ZHENG Jiacong, LIU Jing, TAN Wei, SHI Lei*, SUN Qi, Vapor Phase Synthesis of 3-Methylindole over a Ag/SiO2 Catalyst, J Chin Catal, 2008, 29(12): 11996 Wei Tan, Chunmei Li, Jiacong Zheng, Lei Shi*, Qi Sun, Environment-friendly synthesis of N-phenylpiperidine from aniline and 1,5-pentanediol overγ-Al2O3 catalyst, J Natural Gas Chem, 2008, 17(4): 3837 Xue Dong, Jing Liu, Lei Shi*, Qi Sun, Vapor-Phase Synthesis of N-Butylaniline from Aniline and 1-Butanol over Cu/SiO2 Catalyst, J Natural Gas Chem, 2008, 17(1): 1108 LIU Jing, LI Chunmei, HUO Xiaomin, SHI Lei*, SUN Qi，Direct Vapor Phase Synthesis of Indole: The Effect of MgO on the Performance of Cu/SiO2 Catalyst, J Chin Catal, 2008, 29(2): 1599 MIAO Zhili, LI Chunmei, DONG Xue, LIU Jing, SHI Lei*, SUN Qi, Efficient Synthesis of N-Propyl Aniline from Aniline and 1-Propanol over Cu/SiO2 Catalyst, J Chin Catal, 2007, 28(4): 29610 Chun Mei LI , Zhi Li MIAO, Lei SHI*, Qi SUN , Yu Hong HE, An Efficient Catalyst for the Direct Synthesis of N-Phenylpyrrolidine, Chin Chem Lett, 2006, 17(12): 154011 SHI Lei, HUO Xiaomin, REN Shibin, XU Jie, Highly Active Ag/SiO2-MgO Catalyst for Direct Synthesis of Indole, J Chin Catal, 2005, 26(6): 44912 石雷, 霍晓敏, 刘春艳, 蔡天锡，预处理条件对Ag/SiO2一步催化合成吲哚的活性影响, 催化学报, 2005, 26(5): 40313 石雷, 孙仁安, 蔡天锡, 王新平, ZnO对Ag/SiO2催化剂银的分散作用及对吲哚合成稳定性的影响, 高等学校化学学报, 2004, 25(1): 10814 石雷, 孙军明, 任世斌, 蔡天锡, 王新平, 用于一步法高效合成吲哚的Cu/SiO2催化剂的研究, 催化学报, 2004, 25(5): 38415 石雷, 周晓霜, 蔡天锡, 王新平, 一步法合成吲哚的Ag/SiO2催化剂的失活与抑制, 催化学报, 2003, 24 (6): 47116 Shi Lei, Sun Junming, Wang Xinping, Su Xianyun, Cai Tianxi, High Activity and Selectivity of Cu/SiO2 Catalyst, Chin Chem Lett, 2002, 13(3): 21117 石雷, 王新平, 蔡天锡, 吲哚环化合物合成方法的进展, 有机化学, 2001, 21(3): 20018 Shi Lei, Wang Xinping, Sun Junming, Cai Tianxi, Efficient Direct Synthesis of Indole over Novel Ag/SiO2 Catalyst, J Chin Catal, 2001, 22(5): 41319 Lei Shi, Renan Sun, Renwu Yang, Cycloaddition Reactions Catalyzed by Rare Earth Chlorides, Chem Res Chin Univ, 1999, 15(4): 38120 Lei Shi, Renan Sun, Renwu Yang, Studies on Cycloaddition Reactions Catalyzed by ZnCl2, Chem Res Chin Univ, 1998, 14(4): 43821 石雷, 王新平, 张耀军, 辛勤, W2N/C催化剂加氢脱氮的研究, 高等学校化学学报, 1995, 16(9): 144922 石雷, 余淑文, 廖世健, 余道容, 沈琪, 洪芳, 于淑珍, 混合稀土氯化物催化的Diels-Alder反应, 化学学报, 1995, 53: 1010

愿我的答案 能够解决您的烦忧第一，可能是您的显卡不兼容锁导致的蓝屏，建议您在安全模式下卸载显卡驱动，并安装电脑显卡附赠驱动盘上的驱动。第二，可能是软件冲突锁导致，您可以在桌面--右击--属性--高级选项---硬件加速调到最大或最小第三，如果上述可以解决您的蓝屏，我建议您安装腾讯电脑管家，进行一个安全体检，清除系统沉淀垃圾（因为系统垃圾也有可能导致您的电脑崩溃蓝屏）第四，在安装驱动中，可以打开腾讯电脑管家---工具箱---硬件检测--安装驱动，由腾讯电脑管家自动检索您电脑硬件最新驱动，保证您电脑驱动的正常使用。如果您对我的答案不满意，可以继续追问或者提出宝贵意见，谢谢

ON a harmonious Domitory life One heartbreaking tragedy has been still deeply rooting in our mind: Ma Jiajue , the man who killed three roommates due to some inharmonious collision in the dormitory of Yu Nan University, shocked every people. Admittedly, the majority of the life in the dormitory is consonant, but the frictions sparked by the students" different backgrounds of culture, finance, living habits, disposition are still existed in the dormitory. According to this fact, a harmonious dormitory is indispensable for us. We need it to eliminate the collision caused by the different backgrounds, we need it to build a friendly space for effective study, we need it to build up friendship and cooperation among our classmates. Without it, we cannot get a normal environment for college life. So, we need some real actions for a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, we should learn to be tolerated about every incompatible thing to avoid the appearance of conflicts. Secondly, we need strengthen the communication between roommates to reduce the misunderstandings. Thirdly, participating a collective activity, such as a basketball match, for all the members of the dormitory is undoubted a catalyst for friendship. All the methods mentioned above can lead to a harmonious dormitory life.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------A Brief Introduction to the UniversityDistinguished guests,Welcome to our university. Before you start to lookaround, allow me to give you a brief account of the school.Founded in 1927, our university is one of this city"searliest universities of liberal arts. It is staffed with an excellent faculty,and has a total enrollment of over 10,000 students. In the past years, it has turned outnumerous well-qualified students and found its graduates active in professionsof all walks of life.Since its establishment, the university has alwayssteered itself toward the objective that its students have an overall healthydevelopment. Not only does it provide the students with basic academic courses,but it manages to expose them to the up-to-date knowledge. Besides, studentsare free to participate in colorful campus activities and social practice,which are intended for broadening their mind and developing their potentialtalent.Currently, both our faculty and students aremaking every effort to improve the quality of our education in the direction ofa first-rate university. Thank you.该大学的一个简短的介绍尊敬的各位来宾、欢迎您来到我们学校。在你开始之前去参观一下,让我给你简单介绍了学校。成立于1927年,我们的大学是这个城市的一个最早的大学文科。这是一个优秀的师资配备,总共有超过10,000名的学生入学。在过去的几年中,它已成为众多学科带头人,发现其毕业生的学生积极参与职业的各行各业。自成立以来,一直引领着自己的大学学生向客观地说,它有一个全面健康的发展。它不仅给学生提供基本的学术课程,但该设法使他们最新的知识。此外,学生是免费参加多姿多彩的校园活动和社会实践基础之上的,目的是为了扩大他们的头脑和发展潜在的才能。目前,我们俩的教员和学生素质都是尽一切努力来改善我们的教育质量的一所一流大学的方向。谢谢你。

配置步骤：1、单击“开始”按钮，在“程序”菜单的“附件”选项中单击“超级终端”，弹出如图所示界面。2、双击“Hypertrm”图标，弹出如图所示对话框。这个对话框是用来对立一个新的超级终端连接项。3、在“名称”文本框中键入需新建超的级终端连接项名称，这主要是为了便于识别，没有什么特殊要求，我们这里键入“Cisco”，如果您想为这个连接项选择一个自己喜欢的图标的话，您也可以在下图的图标栏中选择一个，然后单击“确定”按钮，弹出如图所示的对话框。4、在“连接时使用”下拉列表框中选择与交换机相连的计算机的串口。单击“确定”按钮，弹出如图所示的对话框。5、在“波特率”下拉列表框中选择“9600”，因为这是串口的最高通信速率，其他各选项统统采用默认值。单击“确定”按钮。交换机的基本配置：1、进入配置界面后，如果是第一次配置，则首先要进行的就是IP地址配置，这主要是为后面进行远程配置而准备。2、在前面所出现的配置界面“Enter Selection：”后中输入“I”字母，然后单击回车键，则出现如下配置信息：The IP Configuration Menu appears。Catalyst 1900　-　IP ConfigurationEthernet Address：00-E0-1E-7E-B4-40[I]　IP address[S]　Subnet mask[G]　Default gateway[B]　Management Bridge Group[M]　IP address of DNS server 1[N]　IP address of DNS server 2[D]　Domain name[R]　Use Routing Information Protocol

Pride and Prejudice "is Jane Austen"s early form as well as her writing with characteristics representative. Her daily life for material, sensitive to women-specific and delicate, humorous and witty style of a series depicting the life of female characters, especially the novel"s heroine Elizabeth shape reflects the success of Austin in the marriage issue Values. "Pride and Prejudice" for a very long time may be the root cause is the author of "most interested in and good at most of the skills: to create characters." First, the success of shaping the image of Elizabeth 1, the heroine of Elizabeth"s life social environment "Pride and Prejudice," which depicts the late 18th century the British in the early 19th century, women regardless of the economic, social or family status are dependent on men, social security hierarchy, pay attention to the marriage match. Elizabeth as a middle-class origin of property but little knowledge of women, in order to obtain a decent life and status, the only way is to marry a good man. As written by Austin: "a rich bachelor, each of the four or five thousand pounds of revenue daughters is a blessing!""" In short, the marriage is to seek economic security and social status. Elizabeth"s cousin Collins is well aware of them so that the economic well-off, but he"s extremely vulgar Caimao to marry him when Elizabeth"s well that this is their cheaper Elizabeth; Elizabeth"s friend Charlotte is also well aware of this, so Elizabeth Collins to the friends turned their marriage failed marriage with pleasure when promised. 2, Elizabeth"s love marriage on the road The book is a central figure Elizabeth intelligent, frank, quick thinking, lively and funny and educated young lady. She is in love Meryton encountered in self-defense militia group of officers began Wickham, Elizabeth Wickham was once a "pleasing" the instrument fascinated. Wickham Yijianrugu with her, to express their endless slander Mr. Darcy said: "To be honest, in addition to at Netherfield, I went to the vicinity of any other people would say. Harford County is no one like him, He looked arrogant style of which have met with hate. You will not hear people say a good word. "If these flawed but Congmingguoren Elizabeth was aware of any, to be led by the nose completely Wickham Love made the colossal mistake of the mind. Her feel wrong for him, Darcy was to blame, "how do you compete the same treatment as such a young, you are alone a quasi-Lian Daner people know that you are the kind of people." Wickham when breaking up with her "mind, he thought only one person." In short, Elizabeth is now the best was mocking the "stupid people." This is the love of a true portrayal of Elizabeth. John believed due to the abundance of calumny, in addition to older sister Elizabeth was informed that Mr. Bingley and Jane Zhu Shiren was separated from the West, resentment of the West and Jane"s well-being can not get full control of the heart of Elizabeth"s mind, she concluded that Darcy is the gateway to want their own prejudices and Mr. Bingley"s sister, betrothed to the idea of selfishness led to the breakup of Mr. Bingley and Jane. She accused the evil and pain Darcy ruined his sister"s well-being of his life, deprived of a happy life Wickham. Darcy"s arrogance on the basis of his indomitable character, as he made Elizabeth injury caused her prejudice; Elizabeth is due to the self-love before she had a prejudice against Darcy, Pride and Prejudice have reached its peak. Darcy"s letter to Elizabeth to Elizabeth"s thinking has undergone major changes. In the letter, Darcy admits that his reason for breaking up Jane and Bingley because he is mistaken for Jane Bingley does not love; Wickham and did so again is to be despised, even to induce Darcy"s sister elope with him. This letter in the minds of Elizabeth like a heavy bomb blew up her mind the previous obstacles, and a chip on their shoulder. Elizabeth seriously, calmly look at ourselves, and for the first time that "own in the past would be too blind, too eccentric, one of the biased and unreasonable", is the West Wickham and their different attitudes led to their Prejudice and ignorance, eyes long-term shelter for deceived mental gauze was finally revealed a new addition to the right of self-awareness to help Elizabeth out of the errors in the elimination of prejudices Darcy, Darcy and Elizabeth also have a passionate condemnation of the great earthquake Regret their own past, the demeanor of a new understanding and transformation. Again in the face of Elizabeth and Darcy"s marriage different from the pre-Darcy. Elizabeth see that he turned out to be a very submissive personality, then added a distinguished addition to a little warm, the heart of love quietly produced. Pride has become a modest, has become a kind of prejudice. Elizabeth"s younger sister Lydia"s elopement and Weiyue Han Darcy rely on financial assistance to calm down, and even more so in the two emotionally closer and closer, thick Sweet exudative in the tea taste. Lady Catherine"s visit is not only foolish arrogance did not stop Elizabeth and Darcy marry. Instead, as much love as a catalyst to stimulate the West for the second time the courage to marry him. The character in common with each other and enjoy each other"s character is on the final two into the marriage hall, to a rational and well-being of a solid foundation for the Pride and Prejudice into a deep sense of tenderness Mi Yi. Married lovers. 3, Elizabeth love the meaning of marriage mill Elizabeth and Darcy"s emotional turmoil due to a large extent, the heroine of self-awareness of bias. Awareness of injustice led to the bias of Eliza. Just self-awareness to help Elizabeth has been a real well-being. Their marriage is not only rational choice and the basis of deep feelings. Elizabeth"s own embodies the true value of marriage and the pursuit of the times. Elizabeth on Darcy has proposed several different attitude. In fact reflect the personality of female independence and the pursuit of equal rights. Elizabeth smart wit, courage, vision and a strong self-esteem and good at thinking. This makes her love strong-minded on the issue, and while the result was the well-being. In the face of her emotional younger sister Lydia is not based on impulse to make a decision, maintain their dignity as a human embodiment of the power of ideas and rational; to be realistic. Charlotte did not like her to abandon the pursuit of the feelings of the Elizabeth obstruction to stand up to all her strength and courage to defend their noble and pure love. In particular, is worthy of admiration for both men and women persist in her sincere feelings of the conclusion of an ideal marriage is the cornerstone of order against the property, money and status of marriage. This was not entitled to the status of women in marriage as the only way out of their own community is very progressive. Second, the ideal marriage of Austin 1, Austin"s marriage emotional experience Austin in the 42 years of married life, life is a blank space, she also had feelings of the course. She created the "Pride and Prejudice", based on initial impressions when only 21 years old, with its preference for the same age heroine Elizabeth. This year she was in love with a young Irish, but soon the young man left England, in Ireland, married a bit of money to his wife. 1801. Her 26-year-old at Bath with an PSA fall of the human network of young, very deep feelings, but this person has died in 1802 Pubing 27-year-old Austin has met a middle heir to the estate of her marriage, and careful consideration After she took the refusal. In 1808 she was almost 33-year-old promise to marry a middle-aged but there is no priest below. Such feelings in the course of the novel also reflected. 2, Austin"s an ideal marriage in the novels of Elizabeth was born to the family of bourgeois intellectuals, the rich against the spirit of the individual. She"s in her wisdom, noble spirit everywhere to look down her upper-class challenges, and continue to win. From Eliza on its own, we can see the shadow of Austin, also from Austin and Eliza their favorite characters, her sister wrote in the letter, said: "I admit that she has been seen in the literature The most beloved characters, who do not like her, I do not agree. "From Elizabeth"s love and marriage, embodies the marriage of Austin:" marriage for money is wrong, and the money is not married Stupid, "Elizabeth and Darcy"s marriage is not just a marriage of love there is money there is a marriage. In addition to the elegant nothing but Elizabeth married the most money, the most handsome man. Her mother businessmen to look at marriage. With satisfaction that this was not a bad sale; on her daughter"s appreciation has been very clever father did not expect. To give him her marriage in the education market with high value of the exchange. Taking a panoramic view of "Pride and Prejudice" Austin said that love and marriage harmony, indivisible, love marriage is the most basic happiness. Although the beauty in order to give people a good impression, but only with an independent personality and good character can have long-lasting appeal. At that time, because of the special social status of women. Whenever talking about marriage. Family status and money and can not do off line. A decision on marriage. As well as human relations in all material reasons. Austin is too deep to expose, but to expose, in this comedy of the novel state of the world. Is not vicious. Is not sentimental. Is not the moral indignation. Not cynical. It is a mockery of. Austin mockery of infiltration in the book between the lines. In shaping the character played a key role, is also described in the soul. But this is not a mocking words. Not in the abstract character on beating about the bush. But rather focus on people"s relationship to expose the reality. In short, in Austin, "Pride and Prejudice" to the success of shaping the image of Elizabeth. At that time, profoundly reveals the middle class and aristocracy through marriage to achieve their purpose of the universal social phenomenon. Western Marxism, as Marxism critic David said that "human behavior to reveal the reasons for the economic" Austin "in a sense it can be said that Marxism in the past is a Marxist."

以下是cisco3种检测方式的原文解释，我就不翻译了，太多了其中提到的MEC其实就是指6509的VSS,而MEC对应的技术的nexus的V-pc技术具体区别可以看这个http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_467adf910100t8nl.htmlDual-Active Detection Using Enhanced PAgP Port aggregation protocol (PAgP) is a Cisco-proprietary protocol for managing EtherChannels. If a VSS MEC terminates to a Cisco switch, you can run PAgP protocol on the MEC. If PAgP is running on the MECs between the VSS and an upstream or downstream switch, the VSS can use PAgP to detect a dual-active scenario. The MEC must have at least one port on each chassis of the VSS. In virtual switch mode, PAgP messages include a new type length value (TLV) which contains the ID of the VSS active switch. Only switches in virtual switch mode send the new TLV. For dual-active detection to operate successfully, one or more of the connected switches must be able to process the new TLV. Catalyst 6500 series switches with Supervisor Engine 32 and Supervisor Engine 720 have this capability if they are running Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SXH1 or later. For a list of other Cisco products that support enhanced PAgP, refer to Release Notes for Cisco IOS Release 12.2SX at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/lan/catalyst6500/ios/12.2SX/release/notes/ol_14271.html When the VSS standby chassis detects VSL failure, it initiates SSO and becomes VSS active. Subsequent PAgP messages to the connected switch from the newly VSS active chassis contain the new VSS active ID. The connected switch sends PAgP messages with the new VSS active ID to both VSS chassis. If the formerly VSS active chassis is still operational, it detects the dual-active scenario because the VSS active ID in the PAgP messages changes. This chassis initiates recovery actions as described in the "Recovery Actions" section. Dual-Active Detection Using IP BFD To use the IP BFD detection method, you must provision a direct Ethernet connection between the two switches. Regular Layer 3 ping will not function correctly on this connection, as both chassis have the same IP address. The VSS instead uses the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) protocol. If the VSL fails, both chassis create BFD neighbors, and try to establish adjacency. If the original VSS active chassis receives an adjacency message, it realizes that this is a dual-active scenario, and initiates recovery actions as described in the "Recovery Actions" section.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Note If Flex Links are configured on the VSS, we recommend using the PAgP detection method. Do not configure Flex Links and BFD dual-active detection on the same VSS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dual-Active Detection Using Dual-Active Fast Hello Packets Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SXI and later releases support the dual-active fast hello method. To use the dual-active fast hello packet detection method, you must provision a direct Ethernet connection between the two switches. You can dedicate up to four non-VSL links for this purpose. The two chassis periodically exchange special Layer 2 dual-active hello messages containing information about the switch state. If the VSL fails and a dual-active scenario occurs, each switch recognizes from the peer"s messages that there is a dual-active scenario and initiates recovery actions as described in the "Recovery Actions" section. If a switch does not receive an expected dual-active fast hello message from the peer before the timer expires, the switch assumes that the link is no longer capable of dual-active detection. When you configure dual-active fast hello mode, all existing configurations are removed automatically from the interface except for the specific commands. When you configure dual-active fast hello mode, the system puts the interface into a restricted mode. When an interface is in restricted mode, only specific configuration commands can be entered on the interface.

R&B日本

下个驱动精灵，让电脑自已找。

去下个来装下吧。

交换机的详细配置过程比较复杂，而且具体的配置方法会因不同品牌、不同系列的交换机而有所不同，本文教给大家的只是通用配置方法，有了这些通用配置方法，我们就能举一反三，融会贯通。 通常网管型交换机可以通过两种方法进行配置：一种就是本地配置；另一种就是远程网络配置两种方式，但是要注意后一种配置方法只有在前一种配置成功后才可进行，下面分别讲述。 一、本地配置方式 本地配置我们首先要遇到的是它的物理连接方式，然后还需要面对软件配置，在软件配置方面我们主要以最常见的思科的“Catalyst 1900”交换机为例来讲述。 因为要进行交换机的本地配置就要涉及到硬、软件的连接了，所以下面我们分这两步来说明配置的基本连接过程。 1．物理连接 因为笔记本电脑的便携性能，所以配置交换机通常是采用笔记本电脑进行，在实在无笔记本的情况下，当然也可以采用台式机，但移动起来麻烦些。交换机的本地配置方式是通过计算机与交换机的“Console”端口直接连接的方式进行通信的，它的连接图如图1所示。 可进行网络管理的交换机上一般都有一个“Console”端口（这个在前面介绍集线器时已作介绍，交换机也一样），它是专门用于对交换机进行配置和管理的。通过Console端口连接并配置交换机，是配置和管理交换机必须经过的步骤。虽然除此之外还有其他若干种配置和管理交换机的方式（如Web方式、Telnet方式等），但是，这些方式必须依*通过Console端口进行基本配置后才能进行。因为其他方式往往需要借助于IP地址、域名或设备名称才可以实现，而新购买的交换机显然不可能内置有这些参数，所以通过Console端口连接并配置交换机是最常用、最基本也是网络管理员必须掌握的管理和配置方式。 不同类型的交换机Console端口所处的位置并不相同，有的位于前面板（如Catalyst 3200和Catalyst 4006），而有的则位于后面板（如Catalyst 1900和Catalyst 2900XL）。通常是模块化交换机大多位于前面板，而固定配置交换机则大多位于后面板。不过，倒不用担心无法找到Console端口，在该端口的上方或侧方都会有类似“CONSOLE”字样的标识，如图2所示。 除位置不同之外，Console端口的类型也有所不同，绝大多数（如Catalyst 1900和Catalyst 4006）都采用RJ－45端口（如图2所示），但也有少数采用DB－9串口端口（如Catalyst 3200）或DB－25串口端口（如Catalyst 2900）。 无论交换机采用DB－9或DB－25串行接口，还是采用RJ－45接口，都需要通过专门的Console线连接至配置用计算机（通常称作终端）的串行口。与交换机不同的Console端口相对应，Console线也分为两种：一种是串行线，即两端均为串行接口（两端均为母头），两端可以分别插入至计算机的串口和交换机的Console端口；另一种是两端均为RJ－45接头（RJ－45－to－RJ－45）的扁平线。由于扁平线两端均为RJ－45接口，无法直接与计算机串口进行连接，因此，还必须同时使用一个如图3所示的RJ－45－to－DB－9（或RJ－45－to－DB－25）的适配器。通常情况下，在交换机的包装箱中都会随机赠送这么一条Console线和相应的DB－9或DB－25适配器。 2、软件配置 物理连接好了我们就要打开计算机和交换机电源进行软件配置了，下面我们以思科的一款网管型交换机“Catalyst 1900”来讲述这一配置过程。在正式进入配置之前我们还需要进入系统，步骤如下： 第1步：打开与交换机相连的计算机电源，运行计算机中的Windows 95、Windows 98或Windows 2000等其中一个操作系统。 第2步：检查是否安装有“超级终端”（Hyper Terminal）组件。如果在“附件”（Accessories）中没有发现该组件，可通过“添加／删除程序”（Add／Remove Program）的方式添加该Windows组件。 好了，“超级终端”安装好后我们就可以与交换机进行通信了（当然要连接好，并打开交换机电源了），下面的步骤就是正式进行配置了。在使用超级终端建立与交换机的通信之前，必须先对超级终端进行必要的设置。 Catalyst 1900交换机在配置前的所有缺省配置为：所有端口无端口名；所有端口的优先级为Normal方式，所有10／100Mbps以太网端口设为Auto方式，所有10／100Mbps以太网端口设为半双工方式，未配置虚拟子网。正式配置步骤如下（本文以Windows 98系统为例）： 第1步：单击“开始”按钮，在“程序”菜单的“附件”选项中单击“超级终端”，弹出如图4所示界面。 第2步：双击“Hypertrm”图标，弹出如图5所示对话框。这个对话框是用来对立一个新的超级终端连接项。 第3步：在“名称”文本框中键入需新建超的级终端连接项名称，这主要是为了便于识别，没有什么特殊要求，我们这里键入“Cisco”，如果您想为这个连接项选择一个自己喜欢的图标的话，您也可以在下图的图标栏中选择一个，然后单击“确定”按钮，弹出如图6所示的对话框。 第4步：在“连接时使用”下拉列表框中选择与交换机相连的计算机的串口。单击“确定”按钮，弹出如图7所示的对话框。 第5步：在“波特率”下拉列表框中选择“9600”，因为这是串口的最高通信速率，其他各选项统统采用默认值。单击“确定”按钮，如果通信正常的话就会出现类似于如下所示的主配置界面，并会在这个窗口中就会显示交换机的初始配置情况。 Catalyst 1900 Management Console Copyright （c） Cisco Systems， Inc。 1993－1999 All rights reserved。 Standard Edition Software Ethernet address： 00－E0－1E－7E－B4－40 PCA Number： 73－2239－01 PCA Serial Number： SAD01200001 Model Number： WS－C1924－A System Serial Number： FAA01200001 －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ User Interface Menu 〔M〕 Menus ／／主配置菜单 〔I〕 IP Configuration ／／IP地址等配置 〔P〕 Console Password ／／控制密码配置 Enter Selection： ／／在此输入要选择项的快捷字母，然后按回车键确认 【注】“／／”后面的内容为笔者对前面语句的解释，下同。 至此就正式进入了交换机配置界面了，下面的工作就可以正式配置交换机了。 3、交换机的基本配置 进入配置界面后，如果是第一次配置，则首先要进行的就是IP地址配置，这主要是为后面进行远程配置而准备。IP地址配置方法如下： 在前面所出现的配置界面“Enter Selection：”后中输入“I”字母，然后单击回车键，则出现如下配置信息： The IP Configuration Menu appears。 Catalyst 1900 － IP Configuration Ethernet Address：00－E0－1E－7E－B4－40 －－－－－－－－－－－－－Settings－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 〔I〕 IP address 〔S〕 Subnet mask 〔G〕 Default gateway 〔B〕 Management Bridge Group 〔M〕 IP address of DNS server 1 〔N〕 IP address of DNS server 2 〔D〕 Domain name 〔R〕 Use Routing Information Protocol －－－－－－－－－－－－－Actions－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 〔P〕 Ping 〔C〕 Clear cached DNS entries 〔X〕 Exit to previous menu Enter Selection： 在以上配置界面最后的“Enter Selection：”后再次输入“I”字母，选择以上配置菜单中的“IP address选项，配置交换机的IP地址，单击回车键后即出现如下所示配置界面： Enter administrative IP address in dotted quad format （nnn。nnn。nnn。nnn）： ／／按”nnn。nnn。nnn。nnn“格式输入IP地址 Current setting ＝＝＝＞ 0.0.0.0 ／／交换机没有配置前的IP地址为”0.0.0.0“，代表任何IP地址 New setting ＝＝＝＞ ／／在此处键入新的IP地址 如果你还想配置交换机的子网掩码和默认网关，在以上IP配置界面里面分别选择”S“和”G“项即可。现在我们再来学习一下密码的配置： 在以上IP配置菜单中，选择”X“项退回到前面所介绍的交换机配置界面。 输入”P“字母后按回车键，然后在出现的提示符下输入一个4￣8位的密码（为安全起见，在屏幕上都是以”＊“号显示），输入好后按回车键确认，重新回到以上登录主界面。 在你配置好IP和密码后，交换机就能够按照默认的配置来正常工作。如果想更改交换机配置以及监视网络状况，你可以通过控制命令菜单，或者是在任何地方通过基于WEB的Catalyst 1900 Switch Manager来进行操作。 如果交换机运行的是Cisco Catalyst 1900／2820企业版软件。你可以通过命令控制端口（command－line interface CLI）来改变配置。当进入配置主界面后，就在显示菜单多了项”Command Line“，而少了项”Console Password“，它在下级菜单中进行。 1 user（s） now active on Management Console。 User Interface Menu 〔M〕 Menus 〔K〕 Command Line 〔I〕 IP Configuration Enter Selection： 在这一版本中的配置方法与前面所介绍的配置方法基本一样，不同的只是在这一版本中可以通过命令方式（选择”〔K〕 Command Line“项即可）进行一些较高级配置，下面本文仅作简单介绍，在下篇中将介绍一个常见的高级配置，那就是VLAN的配置。 4、交换机高级配置的常见命令 在交换机的高级配置中，通常是利用以上配置菜单中的”〔K〕 Command Line“项进行的。 Cisco交换机所使用的软件系统为Catalyst IOS。CLI的全称为”Command－Line Interface“，中文名称就称之为”命令行界面“，它是一个基于DOS命令行的软件系统模式，对大小写不敏感（即不区分大小写）。有这种模式的不仅交换机有、路由器、防火墙都有，其实就是一系列相关命令，但它与DOS命令不同，CLI可以缩写命令与参数，只要它包含的字符足以与其他当前可用至的命令和参数区别开来即可。虽然对交换机的配置和管理也可以通过多种方式实现，既可以使用纯字符形式的命令行和菜单（Menu），也可以使用图形界面的Web浏览器或专门的网管软件（如CiscoWorks 2000）。相比较而言，命令行方式的功能更强大，但掌握起来难度也更大些。下面把交换机的一些常用的配置命令介绍如下。 Cisco IOS共包括6种不同的命令模式：User EXEC模式、Privileged EXEC模式、VLAN dataBase模式、Global configuration模式、Interface configuration模式和Line configuration模式。当在不同的模式下，CLI界面中会出现不同的提示符。为了方便大家的查找和使用，表1列出了6种CLI命令模式的用途、提示符、访问及退出方法。 Cisco IOS命令需要在各自的命令模式下才能执行，因此，如果想执行某个命令，必须先进入相应的配置模式。例如”interface type＿number“命令只能在”Global configuration“模式下执行，而”duplex full－flow－control“命令却只能在”Interface configuration“模式下执行。 在交换机CLI命令中，有一个最基本的命令，那就是帮助命令”？“，在任何命令模式下，只需键入”？“，即显示该命令模式下所有可用到的命令及其用途，这就交换机的帮助命令。另外，还可以在一个命令和参数后面加”？“，以寻求相关的帮助。 例如，我们想看一下在”Privileged Exec“模式下在哪些命令可用，那么，可以在”＃“提示符下键入”？“，并回车。再如，如果想继续查看”Show“命令的用法，那么，只需键入”show ？“并回车即可。另外，”？“还具有局部关键字查找功能。也就是说，如果只记得某个命令的前几个字符，那么，可以使用”？“让系统列出所有以该字符或字符串开头的命令。但是，在最后一个字符和”？“之间不得有空格。例如，在”Privileged Exec“模式下键入”c？“，系统将显示以”c“开头的所有命令。 还要说明的一点是：Cisco IOS命令均支持缩写命令，也就是说，除非您有打字的癖好，否则根本没有必要键入完整的命令和关键字，只要键入的命令所包含的字符长到足以与其他命令区别就足够了。例如，可将”show configure“命令缩写为”sh conf“，可将”show configure“命令缩写为”sh conf“然后回车执行即可。 以上介绍了命令方式下的常见配置命令，由于配置过程比较复杂，在此不作详细介绍。 二、远程配置方式 我们上面就已经介绍过交换机除了可以通过Console端口与计算机直接连接外，还可以通过交换机的普通端口进行连接。如果是堆栈型的，也可以把几台交换机堆在一起进行配置，因为这时实际上它们是一个整体，一般只有一台具有网管能力。这时通过普通端口对交换机进行管理时，就不再使用超级终端了，而是以Telnet或Web浏览器的方式实现与被管理交换机的通信。因为我们在前面的本地配置方式中已为交换机配置好了IP地址，我们可通过IP地址与交换机进行通信，不过要注意，同样只有是网管型的交换机才具有这种管理功能。因为这种远程配置方式中又可以通过两种不同的方式来进行，所以我们也就分别介绍。 1、Telnet方式 Telnet协议是一种远程访问协议，可以用它登录到远程计算机、网络设备或专用TCP／IP网络。Windows 95／98及其以后的Windows系统、UNIX／Linux等系统中都内置有Telnet客户端程序，我们就可以用它来实现与远程交换机的通信。 在使用Telnet连接至交换机前，应当确认已经做好以下准备工作： ·在用于管理的计算机中安装有TCP／IP协议，并配置好了IP地址信息。 ·在被管理的交换机上已经配置好IP地址信息。如果尚未配置IP地址信息，则必须通过Console端口进行设置。 ·在被管理的交换机上建立了具有管理权限的用户帐户。如果没有建立新的帐户，则Cisco交换机默认的管理员帐户为”Admin“。 在计算机上运行Telnet客户端程序（这个程序在Windows 系统中与UNIX、Linux系统中都有，而且用法基本是是兼容的，特别是在Windows 2000系统中的Telnet程序），并登录至远程交换机。如果我们前面已经设置交换机的IP地址为：61.159.62.182，下面只介绍进入配置界面的方法，至于如何配置那是比较多的，要视具体情况而定，不作具体介绍。进入配置界面步骤很简单，只需简单的两步： 第1步：单击”开始“按钮选择”运行“菜单项，然后在对话框中按”telnet 61.159.62.182“格式输入登录（当然也可先不输入IP地址，在进入telnet主界面后再进行连接，但是这样会多了一步，直接在后面输入要连接的IP的地址更好些），如图8所示。如果为交换机配置了名称，则也可以直接在”Telnet“命令后面空一个空格后输入交换机的名称。 Telnet命令的一般格式如下： telnet 〔Hostname／port〕，这里要注意的是”Hostnqme包括了交换机的名称，但更多的是我们在前面是为交换机配置了IP地址，所以在这里更多的是指交换机的IP地址。格式后面的“Port”一般是不需要输入的，它是用来设定Telnet通信所用的端口的，一般来说Telnet通信端口，在TCP／IP协议中有规定，为23号端口，最好不用改它，也就是说我们可以不接这个参数。 第2步，输入好后，单击“确定”按钮，或单击回车键，建立与远程交换机的连接。如图9所示为与计算机通过Tetnet与Catalyst 1900交换机建立连接时显示的界面。 在图中显示了包括两个菜单项的配置菜单：Menus、Command Line。然后，就可以根据实际需要对该交换机进行相应的配置和管理了。 2、Web浏览器的方式 当利用Console口为交换机设置好IP地址信息并启用HTTP服务后，即可通过支持JAVA的Web浏览器访问交换机，并可通过Web通过浏览器修改交换机的各种参数并对交换机进行管理。事实上，通过Web界面，可以对交换机的许多重要参数进行修改和设置，并可实时查看交换机的运行状态。不过在利用Web浏览器访问交换机之前，应当确认已经做好以下准备工作： ·在用于管理的计算机中安装TCP／IP协议，且在计算机和被管理的交换机上都已经配置好IP地址信息。 ·用于管理的计算机中安装有支持JAVA的Web浏览器，如Internet Explorer 4.0及以上版本、Netscape 4.0及以上版本，以及Oprea with JAVA。 ·在被管理的交换机上建立了拥有管理权限的用户帐户和密码。 ·被管理交换机的Cisco IOS支持HTTP服务，并且已经启用了该服务。否则，应通过Console端口升级Cisco IOS或启用HTTP服务。 通过Web浏览器的方式进行配置的方法如下： 第1步：把计算机连接在交换机的一个普通端口上，在计算机上运行Web浏览器。在浏览器的“地址”中栏键入被管理交换机的IP地址（如61.159.62.182）或为其指定的名称。单击回车键，弹出如图10所示对话框。 第2步：分别在“用户名”和“密码”框中，键入拥有管理权限的用户名和密码。用户名／密码对应当事先通过Console端口进行设置。 第3步：单击“确定”按钮，即可建立与被管理交换机的连接，在Web浏览器中显示交换机的管理界面。如图11所示页面为与Cisco Catalyst 1900建立连接后，显示在Web浏览器中的配置界面。首先看到的是要求输入用户帐号和密码，这时您就输入在上面已设置好的交换机配置超级用户帐号和密码进入系统。 接下来，就可以通过Web界面中的提示，一步步查看交换机的各种参数和运行状态，并可根据需要对交换机的某些参数作必要的修改。 不是很懂```所以就抄录一个过来``希望能帮到你`

栅栏技术应用于食品保藏是德国肉类研究中心Leistner(1976)提出的，他把食品防腐的方法或原理归结为高温处理(F)、低温冷藏(t)、降低水分活度(Aw)、酸化(pH值)、降低氧化还原电势(Eh)、添加防腐剂(Pres)、竞争性菌群及辐照等因子的作用，将这些因子称为栅栏因子(hurdle factor)。国内也有将栅栏技术和栅栏因子相应译为障碍技术和障碍因子。影响食品稳定性的微生物主要是细菌、酵母和霉菌，这些微生物的生长、繁殖都要求有最底限度的水分活度。如果食品的水分活度低于这一要求，微生物的生长、繁殖就会受到抑制。在水分活度底于0.60时，绝大多数微生物就无法生长。部分微生物生长必需的最低水分活度（aw值）最低Aw值 细 菌 酵 母 菌 霉 菌0．96 假单孢杆菌(Pseudomonas) 0．95 沙门氏菌(Salmonella)埃希氏杆菌(Escherichia)芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridium) 0．90 0．88 0．85 0．62 接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyces) 0．60 耐干霉菌（Xeromyces）CO2在食品包装中的应用 最近，美国专家采用新技术，用CO2制塑料包装材料。即使用特殊的催化剂，将CO2和环氧乙烷（或环氧丙烷）等量混合，制成新的塑料包装材料，其特点具有玻璃般的透明度和不通气性；类似聚碳酸酯和聚酰胺树脂；在240℃温度下不会完全分解成气体；有生物分解性能不会污染环境与土壤等特点。 我国已研究成功利用纳米技术，高效催化CO2合成可降解塑料。即利用CO2制取塑料的催化剂“粉碎”到纳米级，实现催化分子与CO2聚合，使每克催化剂催化130克左右的CO2，合成含42％CO2的新包装材料。其作为降解性优异的环保材料，应用前景广阔。氮气在食品包装中的应用 氮气（N2）是理想的惰性气体，在食品包装中有特有功效：不与食品起化学反应与不被食品吸收，能减少包装内的含氧量，极大地抑制细菌、霉菌等微生物的生长繁殖，减缓食品的氧化变质及腐变，从而使食品保鲜。充氮包装食品还能很好地防止食品的挤压破碎、食品粘结或缩成一团，保持食品的几何形状、干、脆、色、香味等优点。目前充氮包装正快速取代传统的真空包装，已应用于油炸薯片及薯条、油烹调食品等。受到消费者特别是儿童、青年的喜爱，充氮包装可望应用于更多的食品包装。复合气体在包装食品中的应用 复合气调保鲜包装国际上统称为MAP包装，所用的气调保鲜气体一般由CO2、N2、O2及少量特种气体组成。CO2能抑制大多需氧腐败细菌和霉菌的生长繁殖；O2抑制大多厌氧的腐败细菌生长繁殖；保持鲜肉色泽、维持新鲜果蔬富氧呼吸及鲜度；N2作充填气。复合气体组成配比根据食品种类、保藏要求及包装材料进行恰当选择而达到包装食品保鲜质量高、营养成分保持好、能真正达到原有性状、延缓保鲜货架期的效果。 Fence technology for food preservation is the German Research Center for meat Leistner (1976), and his approach to food preservation, or the principle of attributed to high temperature treatment (F), low-temperature refrigeration (t), reduced water activity (Aw), acidification (pH value), reduced redox potential (Eh), add preservatives (Pres), competitive factors, such as bacteria and the role of radiation, these factors will be known as the fence factor (hurdle factor). There are also technical and fence fence will factor into the corresponding technical obstacles and barriers factor. The stability of the impact of food micro-organisms mainly bacteria, yeast and mold, the growth of these micro-organisms, reproduction require a minimum water activity. If the food is lower than the requirements of water activity, microbial growth, reproduction would be inhibited. At the end of the 0.60 water activity, the vast majority of micro-organisms can not grow. The growth of some micro-organisms necessary minimum water activity (aw value) Aw value of the minimum bacterial yeast fungi 0.96 Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) 0.95 salmonella (Salmonella) bacteria Escherichia coli (Escherichia) Bacillus (Bacillus) Clostridium (Clostridium) 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.62 bonding yeast (Zygosaccharomyces) 0.60 mold-resistant dry (Xeromyces) CO2 in the food packaging applications Recently, the U.S. experts to utilize new technologies, CO2 system using plastic packaging materials. That is, the use of special catalyst, the CO2 and ethylene oxide (or propylene oxide) mixed contour, made of new plastic packaging materials, characterized with a glass-like transparency and non-aeration; similar to polycarbonate and poly acid amine resin; 240 ℃ in temperature will not be completely broken down into gas; are not biodegradable properties, such as pollution of the environment and soil characteristics. China has studied the success of the use of nano-technology, highly efficient catalytic synthesis of biodegradable plastics CO2. Namely, the use of CO2 a catalyst for making plastics "crush" to nano-scale, the achievement of CO2 molecules and polymerization catalyst to catalyst per gram to about 130 grams of CO2, synthesis of 42% CO2 with a new packaging material. Outstanding as the environmental degradation of materials, the application of a broad prospect. Nitrogen in food packaging applications Nitrogen (N2) is the ideal inert gas, in food packaging are unique to the effectiveness of: No chemical reaction with the food from the food and not be absorbed to reduce the oxygen content of the package, which greatly inhibit bacteria, mold and other microbial growth and reproduction and slow down the oxidative deterioration of food and become rotten, so that fresh food. Nitrogen also good foods to prevent food extrusion broken or curled Food bonding to maintain the geometry of food, dry, crisp, color, smell and so on. Nitrogen current packaging is rapidly replacing traditional vacuum packaging had been used for frying potato chips and French fries, cooking oil and other food. By consumers, especially children, young people love, Nitrogen packaging is expected to apply more food packaging. Composite gas in food packaging applications Modified Atmosphere Packaging composite international collectively referred to as MAP packaging, used in modified atmosphere gas in general by the CO2, N2, O2 and a small amount of the composition of specialty gases. CO2 can inhibit the aerobic corruption most of the growth of bacteria and mold breeding; O2 inhibited most of the growth of anaerobic bacteria breeding corruption; to maintain the color of fresh meat, fresh fruits and vegetables to maintain freshness breathing and oxygen-rich; N2 gas for filling. Complex gas composition ratio based on food type, preservation requirements and select appropriate packaging materials to achieve high-quality fresh foods, maintain good nutrition, the original characters can really slow down the effect of shelf-life preservation.