工业革命后，钢铁什么什么等新材料被广泛用于什么什么什么？

工业革命（The Industrial Revolution，18世纪60年代-19世纪40年代）是以机器取代人力，以机器大工业取代工场手工业的一场生产与科技革命，历史学家称这个时代为“机器时代”。其发源于英格兰中部地区，随后向英国乃至整个欧洲大陆传播，19世纪传至北美。一般认为蒸汽机、煤、铁和钢是促成工业革命技术加速发展的四项主要因素。英国是最早开始工业革命也是最早结束工业革命的国家。（1）工业革命是资本主义发展史上的一个重要阶段，实现了从传统农业社会转向现代工业社会的重要变革。（2）从生产技术方面来说，它使机器代替了手工劳动；工厂代替了手工工场。（3)工业革命创造了巨大生产力，使社会面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化 。工业革命同时也是一场深刻的社会关系的变革。它使社会明显地分裂为两大对立的阶级──工业资产阶级和工业无产阶级。（4）资本主义最终战胜了封建主义。 （5）率先完成工业革命的西方资本主义国家逐步确立起对世界的统治，世界形成了西方先进、东方落后的局面。 （6）带来了工业污染。（7）开始了城市化进程。（8）使弱小国家缓慢地走上了工业化进程。

Industrial Revolution

产业革命（Industrial Revolution） 产业革命即工业革命。工业革命的标志是蒸汽机的使用。

一句话：西方经济飞速发展。

工业革命（The Industrial Revolution ）开始于十八世纪六十年代，十八世纪后半期，在英国的进展已经很显著了。通常认为它发源于英格兰中部地区，是指资本主义工业化的早期历程，即资本主义生产完成了从工场手工业向机器大工业过渡的阶段。工业革命是以机器取代人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代个体工场手工生产的一场生产与科技革命。由于机器的发明及运用成为了这个时代的标志，因此历史学家称这个时代为“机器时代”（the Age of Machines）。18世纪中叶，英国人瓦特改良蒸汽机之后，由一系列技术革命引起了从手工劳动向动力机器生产转变的重大飞跃。随后向英国乃至整个欧洲大陆传播，19世纪传至北美。一般认为，蒸汽机、煤、铁和钢是促成工业革命技术加速发展的四项主要因素。英国最早开始工业革命也是最早结束工业革命的国家。第一次工业革命以蒸汽机的改良为标志，第二次工业革命以电力的广泛应用为标志，第三次技术革命以电子计算机的发明和使用为标志。工业革命的意义：（1）工业革命是资本主义发展史上的一个重要阶段，实现了从传统农业社会转向现代工业社会的重要变革。（2）从生产技术方面来说，它使机器代替了手工劳动；工厂代替了手工工场。（3）工业革命创造了巨大生产力，使社会面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化 。工业革命同时也是一场深刻的社会关系的变革。它使社会明显地分裂为两大对立的阶级──工业资产阶级和工业无产阶级。（4）资本主义最终战胜了封建主义。（5）率先完成工业革命的西方资本主义国家逐步确立起对世界的统治，世界形成了西方先进、东方落后的局面。（6）带来了工业污染。（7）开始了城市化进程。（8）使弱小国家缓慢地走上了工业化进程。

工业主背后的资产阶级登上历史舞台，发起对封建制度的挑战。

一样

工业革命，产业革命

一、成果：（一）、工业革命成果：1、1765年的珍妮纺纱机，发明者是英国哈格里夫斯；2、1779年的骡机，发明者是英国克隆普顿；3、1785年的水力织布机，发明者是英国卡特莱特；4、1785年的改良蒸汽机，发明者是英国瓦特；5、1807年的轮船，发明者是美国富尔顿；6、1814年的蒸汽机车，发明者是英国史蒂芬孙。（二）、第二次工业革命成果：1、电力的广泛应用：西门子－发电机、格拉姆－电动机； 　　2、内燃机和新交通工具的创制：卡尔·本茨－内燃机驱动的汽车、莱特兄弟－飞机； 　　3、电讯事业的发展：贝尔－电话、马可尼－无线电报 　　4、化学工业的建立：诺贝尔－炸药 （塑料、人造纤维）二、简介：1、工业革命（The Industrial Revolution ）开始于十八世纪六十年代，通常认为它发源于英格兰中部地区，是指资本主义工业化的早期历程，即资本主义生产完成了从工场手工业向机器大工业过渡的阶段。工业革命是以机器取代人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代个体工场手工生产的一场生产与科技革命。由于机器的发明及运用成为了这个时代的标志，因此历史学家称这个时代为“机器时代”（the Age of Machines）。18世纪中叶，英国人瓦特改良蒸汽机之后，由一系列技术革命引起了从手工劳动向动力机器生产转变的重大飞跃。随后向英国乃至整个欧洲大陆传播，19世纪传至北美。一般认为，蒸汽机、煤、铁和钢是促成工业革命技术加速发展的四项主要因素。英国最早开始工业革命也是最早结束工业革命的国家。2、第二次工业革命是指19世纪中期，欧洲国家和美国、日本的资产阶级革命或改革的完成，促进了经济的发展。19世纪60年代后期，开始第二次工业革命。人类进入了“电气时代”。第二次工业革命极大地推动了社会生产力的发展，对人类社会的经济、政治、文化、军事，科技和生产力产生了深远的影响。资本主义生产的社会化大大加强，垄断组织应运而生。

Don"t copy .All type by myself . Below is my own opinion and some information from my history book: 1)The causes of industrial revolution: -Huge labour forces Since many big landlords enclosed their land in order to increase the pasture of sheep farming .So many *** all farmer lose their land as a result .They need to move to the town from village to look for jobs. So it provide a great labour force for industrail devolopment. -Trade Devolopment Since Britain was a port the mercharts could export their goods to the other countries.And they had many money fom trade.So they invest their money in setting up factories. -Sufficient Raw Materials Britain was rich in raw materials . They have wool that used for textile industry.they have iron which used to make machines for producing goods.They have coal that used to *** elt the iron and for driving the steam-powered machines. -Division of Labour Poducing process was divied into many steps.Each worker just need to do a simple task.This increased the working speed and more efficient.It"s also esay to make a machines to do a signle job. -Population growth As the trend of poplution increased a lot in britain the demand of goods were also increses .So they must find out a new method to produce the goods more quickly. -Technology advance In order to meet the demand of the local market the factory owner want to product the goods more quickly.Because of the technological advances the technici can invent many modern machines . 2)Industrial revolution was so important because a great changes took place in industry science technology and many other areas.It is first egan in Britian.Then it spead to the other European countries and the United States of America. 3)The effects of the industrial revolution -The change in production method From domestic system ------> Factory system Advantages /Disadvantages of Domestic system: -Farmer no need to travel to the working places as they work at home / -It took a long time to finish making a product. Advanges/Disadvantages of Factory system: -Each worker works on only one part of the production.The workers can work faster and more goods were produced.they can be sold at a cheaper price. -They will easy to get bored and easy to make mistakes since they do the same job repeatedly. -More people lived in town so they can find jobs easily. -Industrial Revolution created o new social classes : Industrail -capitalist class ----- factory owners belonged to this class and they are rich Working class-----workers and labours belonged to this class and they had a difficult life. 4) If there is no industrail revvolution we will not have our modern lives.In this world there will not have many advanced machines and instrument .such the effect of industial revolution was so great and it industrialized and modernized western societies. 参考: my own opinion and some information from my history book 工业革命是以革命性地改良工业技术为主题，以机械发展工业而减少人手的依赖。 如果没有工业革命的出现，就没有大规模工业的产生，亦没有现代化机械生产的出现。 其结果是增加生产效率、淘汰落后生产技术及减少成本；但亦减少工人就业机会、增加失业率。 如果没有工业革命的出现，可能现在还是维持着以人手工作来发展工业，会引致生产量不能提高，生产成本不能进一步降低，这样社会就不能或会很缓慢地才能进仕经济社会，从而不能提高生活水平。 请自行翻译为英文及扩展内文。

选C。定语从句修饰的名词part在这里应该表示特指“cotton”所扮演的角色；工业革命是专有名词，必须加the。

The Significance of Industry工业的意义 工业革命是资本主义发展史上的一个重要阶段，实现了从传统农业社会转向现代工业社会的重要变革。 从生产技术方面来说，它使机器代替了手工劳动；工厂代替了手工工场。 　　 工业革命同时也是一场深刻的社会关系的变革。它使社会明显地分裂为两大对立的阶级──工业资产阶级和工业无产阶级。 The industrial revolution is an important phase in the development history ofcapitalism, turned to the important changes in the modern industrial society, from traditional agricultural society. From the production technology, it makes the machine to replace manual labor;the factory to replace the manual workshop. The industrial revolution is also a profound change in social relations. It makes thesociety clearly split into two opposing classes -- the industrial bourgeoisie and the industrial proletariat.

顶一下

工业革命的进行使西方各帝国主义发展，他们要求瓜分世界，各国利益冲突形成了两大集团，最后爆发战争。同时，工业革命中一些武器用于战争，增加了战争的残酷性。

第二次工业革命(Second Industrial Revolution）起于19世纪七十年代，主要标志：电力的广泛应用（即电气时代) 1870年以后，科学技术的发展突飞猛进，各种新技术、新发明层出不穷，并被迅速应用于工业生产，大大促进了经济的发展。这就是第二次工业革命。当时，科学技术的突出发展主要表现在四个方面，即电力的广泛应用、内燃机和新交通工具的创制、新通讯手段的发明和化学工业的建立。

（2014·荆门）第二次工业革命时期，对当时工业和交通发展起着直接推动作用并仍然影响着当今社会发明创造的是内燃机的发明。

baidu

英国工业革命的原因和成果是什么。

The first industrial revolution greatly increased the productivity and consolidate the dominance of the bourgeoisie; for the United States, Russia, Germany, Italy, the revolution, reform, so that the initial formation of the capitalist world system; in the industrial society, increasingly divided into two antagonistic classes - industrial bourgeoisie and industrial proletariat, the 19th century 30-40 years, the rise of the labor movement; began the process of urbanization; advanced mode of production and dissemination of technology to the country, the impact of the old system, old ideas; East subordinate to the West colonial aggression led to the upsurge of national liberation movementsTo meet the needs of industrial production to the United Kingdom led the major capitalist countries in the world to seize the commodity markets, seize raw materials, industrial dumping, the Asia, Africa and Latin America into the vast areas of the capitalist system. China"s vast land and abundant resources, the Qing government and political corruption, economic backwardness, military negligence that capitalist aggression directed at China,Two Opium Wars, the Chinese gradually reduced to a semi-feudal society, and the extent of further deepened. War brought untold disaster to the Chinese, resulting in long-term poverty and backwardness of China.Two Opium Wars, the Chinese people continue to fight off the Taiping peasant class.Germination of new ideas in ChinaWei, Lin and other liberal intellectuals, began the world"s attention, learn, travel, seek power exteriors of the Road, germination of a wave of new ideas to learn from the West.Landlords Westernization initiated the Westernization Movement, China"s objective to promote the emergence and development of capitalism, while China"s modern industry, science and technology, education, started the Westernization Movement is the beginning of the modernization of China.

A是‘肯定地"意思。B是无关紧要地，C是根本地，D是相对地。磁控选的是一个副词，翻译为电脑改革和工业改革一样都很有可能推动社会的发展。所以啊选A比较合适。如果打对了了告诉我一声哦~

D it playedit指代cottonthe role it played in the Industrial Revolution意思是棉花在工业革命中扮演的角色

为什么工业革命会首先在英国爆发，此次革命带来了什么样的结果

这个问题还是等有了分我再回答好了

主句it appeared,第一个that从句充当宾语，第二个that 是定语从句，所以since 的是状语

通过资产阶级革命和工业革命完成近代工业国家的转变。

建议楼主去下个电子词典，像有道词典、必应词典，这些词典短句的翻译还行，长句翻译就有很多语法错误了，可以试着参考下那些翻译，自己再整合下得出正确的句子

电力的广泛使用美国德国

工业革命（The Industrial Revolution ）开始于十八世纪六十年代，通常认为它发源于英格兰中部地区，开始标志是1765年哈格里夫斯发明珍妮纺纱机。

是Industrial Revolution 或the industrial revolution我查的辞典

Yes Industrial Revolution equal to The Age of Machines Yes you can say the same The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th andearly 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and trportation had a profound effect on socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The changes subsequently spread throughout Europe and North America and eventually the world a process that continues as industrialisation. The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human social history parable to the invention of farming or the rise of the first city-states;almost every ect of daily life and human society was eventuallyinfluenced in some way. In the later part of the 1700s the manuallabour-based economy of the Kingdom of Great Britain began to be replaced by one dominated by industry and the manufacture of machinery. It started with the mechanisation of the textileindustries the development of iron-making techniques and the increaseduse of refined coal. Trade expion was enabled by the introduction ofc *** s improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power (fuelled primarily by coal) and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity.The development of all-metal machine toolsin the first o decades of the 19th century facilitated themanufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in otherindustries. The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century eventually affecting most of the world. The impact of this change on society was enormous. The First Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850 when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships railways and later in the nieenth century with the internal bustion engine and electrical power generation. I also have a problem I have a project now and Idon"t know what to do can you give idea?

关键词绘画工业革命工业革命篇Technologicaladvancements-技术进步Mass production大规模生产Urbanization-城市化Factorysystem-工厂体系Steam power-蒸汽动力Division oflabor-分工合作Mechanization-机械化Transportation revolution-运输革命Economicgrowth-经济增长Capitalism-资本主义Socialchanges-社会变革Laborexploitation-劳工剥削Pollutionandenvironmentalimpact-污染和环境影响Inventionofnewmachines-新机器的发明Industrializationofagriculture-农业的工业化Rise of the middle class-中产阶级的崛起Globalization-全球化Standardizationofproducts-产品标准化Scientific and technologicalinnovation-科学和技术创新Socialinequality-社会不平等Growthofcities-城市的增长Factoryworkingconditions-工厂的工作条件Developmentofinfrastructure-基础设施的发展Rise of industrialcapitalism-工业资本主义的崛起Energyrevolution-能源革命Changes in transportation andcommunication-运输和通信的变革Social reformmovements-社会改革运动Exploitationofnaturalresources-自然资源的剥夺Technologicaldiffusion-技术传播Industrial revolution"s impacton artand culture-工业革命对艺术和文化的影响Impact on global tradeandimperialism-对全球贸易和帝国主义的影响Shift from agrarian to industrialsociety-从农业社会向工业社会的转变Development of newindustriesandsectors-新产业和部门的发展Rise of industrialcities-工业城市的崛起Formationoflaborunions-工会的形成Technological innovationsintransportation-运输方面的技术创新Impact on working-classlivingconditions-对工人阶级生活条件的影响Industrial revolution and populationgrowth-工业革命与人口增长Advances in medicineandhealthcare-医学和医疗保健的进步Industrial revolution"simpactoneducation-工业革命对教育的影响Industrial revolution and the rise ofconsumerculture革命与消费文化的崛起Role of women in the industrialrevolution-女性在工业革命中的角色Impact on traditionalartisanalcrafts-对传统工艺的影响Intellectual and philosophical responses toindustrialization-工业化的思想和哲学反应Industrial revolution and urbanplanning-工业革命与城市规划Industrial revolution and the development ofthe middle claSS-工业革命与中产阶级的发展Industrial revolution and the rise ofsocialism-工业革命与社会主义的崛起Industrial revolution and the transformation ofagriculture-工业革命与农业的转型Impacton globaleconomicsystems-对全球经济体系的影响Industrial revolution and the birth ofmodernity-工业革命与现代性的诞生

第一次工业革命使（纺织业和煤炭）成为国民经济的主体产业工业革命（The Industrial Revolution ）开始于十八世纪六十年代，通常认为它发源于英格兰中部地区，是指资本主义工业化的早期历程，即资本主义生产完成了从工场手工业向机器大工业过渡的阶段。工业革命是以机器取代人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代个体工场手工生产的一场生产与科技革命。由于机器的发明及运用成为了这个时代的标志，因此历史学家称这个时代为“机器时代”（the Age of Machines）。18世纪中叶，英国人瓦特改良蒸汽机之后，由一系列技术革命引起了从手工劳动向动力机器生产转变的重大飞跃。随后向英国乃至整个欧洲大陆传播，19世纪传至北美。一般认为，蒸汽机、煤、铁和钢是促成工业革命技术加速发展的四项主要因素。英国最早开始工业革命也是最早结束工业革命的国家。

Hope that I can help you ~~~ The Specific Change of the Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and trportation had a profound effect on socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain and subsequently spread throughout the world a process that continues as industrialisation. The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human social history parable to the invention of farming or the rise of the first city-states; almost every ect of daily life and human society was eventually influenced in some way. As might be expected of such a large social change the Industrial Revolution had a major impact upon wealth. It has been argued that GDP per capita was much more stable and progressed at a much slower rate until the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy and that it has since increased rapidly in capitalist countries Innovations The mencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a *** all number of innovations made in the second half of the 18th century: Textiles - Cotton spinning using Richard Arkwright"s water frame. This was patented in 1769 and so came out of patent in 1783. The end of the patent was rapidly followed by the erection of many cotton mills. Similar technology was subsequently applied to spinning worsted yarn for various textiles and flax for linen. Steam power - The improved steam engine invented by James Watt was initially mainly used for pumping out mines but from the 1780s was applied to power machines. This enabled rapid development of efficient semi-automated factories on a previously unimaginable scale in places where waterpower was not available. Iron founding - In the Iron industry coke was finally applied to all stages of iron *** elting replacing charcoal. This had been achieved much earlier for lead and copper as well as for producing pig iron in a blast furnace but the second stage in the production of bar iron depended on the use of potting and stamping (for which a patent expired in 1786) or puddling (patented by Henry Cort in 1783 and 1784. These represent three "leading sectors" in which there were key innovations which allowed the economic take off by which the Industrial Revolution is usually defined. Trfer of knowledge Knowledge of new innovation was spread by several me. Workers who were trained in the technique might move to another employer or might be poached. A mon method was for someone to make a study tour gathering information where he could. During the whole of the Industrial Revolution and for the century before all European countries and America engaged in study-touring; some nations like Sweden and France even trained civil servants or technici to undertake it as a matter of state policy. In other countries notably Britain and America this practice was carried out by individual manufacturers anxious to improve their own methods. Study tours were mon then as now as was the keeping of travel diaries. Records made by industrialists and technici of the period are an inparable source of information about their methods. 参考: research + my knowledge

在第一次工业革命期间遭受的苦难最大。第一次工业革命期间：鸦片战争到中日甲午战争前（18401894年）。阶段特征：以商品输出为主要方式，以相互勾结、发动战争打开中国国门为主要手段。A第一次鸦片战争～第二次鸦片战争西方列强用武力打开中国大门；对华以商品输出为主B第二次鸦片战争～中法战争中外反动势力开始勾结起来，标志是总理衙门开始设立。侵华的主要国家是英法美等资本主义工业强国和相对落后但侵略成性的俄国。第二次工业革命期间：甲午战争到一战结束（18941918年）。阶段特征：侵华的方式发生了很大变化：A政治上，由掀起瓜分狂潮到逐渐实行“以华治华”政策(从扶植清政府～辛亥革命后开始扶植袁世凯～袁世凯死后，列强开始对中国分而治之，分别寻找代理人)B经济上，由商品输出为主向资本输出为主过渡（资本输出包括开设工厂；开矿；开设银行；修筑铁路）。侵华的主要国家除了老牌资本主义国家外，还有后期的德、日、意、奥匈等国家。侵华的主要格局先是共同分割，后在一战期间日本独霸。拓展：工业革命（TheIndustrialRevolution）开始于十八世纪六十年代，通常认为它发源于英格兰中部地区，是指资本主义工业化的早期历程，即资本主义生产完成了从工场手工业向机器大工业过渡的阶段。工业革命是以机器取代人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代个体工场手工生产的一场生产与科技革命，也是能源转换的革命。由于机器的发明及运用成为了这个时代的标志，因此历史学家称这个时代为“机器时代”（theAgeofMachines）。18世纪末19世纪初，英国人瓦特改良蒸汽机之后，由一系列技术革命引起了从手工劳动向动力机器生产转变的重大飞跃。随后向英国乃至整个欧洲大陆传播，19世纪传至北美。一般认为，蒸汽机、煤、铁和钢是促成工业革命技术加速发展的四项主要因素。英国是最早开始工业革命也是最早结束工业革命的国家。

【答案】：D【题 干】工业革命改变了工英国社会的整体结构。A．毁灭 B．打破 C．破碎 D．改变【解 析】本题考查的是动词。划线单词modify的意思是“改变”，与change的含义相同。故本题答案为D。表示“改变”的单词还有alter，transform等。

工 业 革 命工 业 革 命（The Industrial Revolution ）开始于十八世纪六十年代，通常认为它发源于英格兰中部地区，是指资本主义工业化的早期历程，即资本主义生产完成了从工场手工业向机器大工业过渡的阶段。工业革命是以机器取代人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代个体工场手工生产的一场生产与科技革命。由于机器的发明及运用成为了这个时代的标志，因此历史学家称这个时代为“机器时代”（the Age of Machines）。18世纪中叶，英国人瓦特改良蒸汽机之后，由一系列技术革命引起了从手工劳动向动力机器生产转变的重大飞跃。随后向英国乃至整个欧洲大陆传播，19世纪传至北美。一般认为，蒸汽机、煤、铁和钢是促成工业革命技术加速发展的四项主要因素。英国是最早开始工业革命也是最早结束工业革命的国家。

【答案】：D本题考查动词。题干：工业革命改变了英国社会的整体结构。modify意思为“改变，改进”，与change为同义词，故答案为D。

电的广泛应用；德国和美国

2019年6月大学英语六级阅读长难句解析(1) 　　1. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 　　【译文】由于据预计在自动化设备生产、维护及维修领域的大型企业将不断发展，或许自动化最终会实现就业率上升。 　　【析句】复合句。主句是the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, 其后是since引导的原因状语从句。重点看从句，it is expected中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。 　　2. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.(1990. 阅读. Text 1) 　　【译文】工会发言人也强调说，由于自动化实现的生产扩大、成本降低所带来的利益，应该通过提高工资，增加休假时间，提高生活水平等形式与工人们分享。 　　【析句】英语中抽象名词的使用十分广泛。主句union spokeman emphasize,emphasize后是that宾语从句。宾语从句的句子主干是the benefit of the increased production and lower costs should be shared by workers...,主语the benefit of the incresed production and lower costs包含多个抽象名词，使行文较为简练。 　　3. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignment. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 　　【译文】要强调的是，因为该计划中的雇主在防止失业时有直接的财务利益，他会非常积极地去计划安装新的设备以尽最大可能减少工作和工作分派中遇到的问题。 　　【析句】复合句。主句It is emphasized,it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。从句中，首先是since引导的原因状语从句，the employer has a direct financial interest in...,之后是主句he will have a strong drive for...so as to...，so as to作介词短语引导目的状语。 2019年6月大学英语六级阅读长难句解析(2) 　　1. All high school graduates ought to go to college, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don"t go. (1990. 阅读. Text 2) 　　【译文】根据传统的聪明做法和大量的数据证明，所有高中生都应上大学，这是因为，与未上大学的学生相比，大学经历有利于帮助他们获得更高的报酬，成为“更好”的人，并且学习如何做更负责任的公民。 　　【析句】复合句。主句says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence位于句子中间，并使用倒装，起到强调says的宾语从句即所说内容的作用。因此我们重点分析省略that的宾语从句。从句中，主句All high school graduates ought to go to college, 后面是because引导的原因状语从句college will help them earn more...more responsible citizens than those who don"t go，原因主语从句中含有比较句结构，those后是who引导的定语从句。 　　2. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. (1990. 阅读. Text 2) 　　【译文】对于我们这些从小被教育要相信上学很好，上大学更好的人来说，这种观点无疑是异端邪说。 　　【析句】句子很短，但包含多个从句。主句This is heresy to those of us,those of us是介词to的宾语，其后有定语从句who have been brought up to believe,believe后是that宾语从句。而宾语从句中，if引导条件状语从句，主句more has to be much better在后。 　　3. Middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production. (1990. 阅读. Text 3) 　　【译文】社会中上层的雇员已经成为就业人口中人数增长最快的群体，其增长速度之快，使得即使工业生产不断扩大，工业革命的最早产物-工业工人的数量也在急剧减少。 　　【析句】复合句。主句Middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups,破折号起到进一步补充说明的作用。破折号后growing so fast that...中含有短语so...that从句。that从句中，主语the industrial worker后that oldest child of...作同位语。

We all know that water is very important. We should save water first. When we finish washing clothes or dishes, we can wash the floor with water.If we see a dripping tap, we must repair the tap as soon as possible. Third, we can use shower instead of bathing, because Bathing will waste a lot of water. Water is useful and important to us.For example, we use water to water plants, we wash our faces with water, or we bathe, we drink water, or we die. Water is also very important to China, so we should save water.中文翻译：节约用水我们都知道水是很重要的我们应该先节约用水，当我们洗完衣服或洗碗碟时，我们可以用水清洗地板，如果我们看到滴水的水龙头，我们必须尽快修理水龙头第三，我们可以用淋浴代替洗澡，因为洗澡会浪费大量的水。水是有用的，对我们很重要。例如，我们用水来浇灌植物，我们用水洗脸，或者洗澡，我们喝水，或者我们会死。水对中国也很重要，所以我们应该节约用水。

　　The British Empire, "the sun does not set" the origin of　　Before the 16th century, the United Kingdom or an unknown island, but in the 19th century, it has become the world"s number one power. Colony of Earth throughout its nearly every corner of the sun 24 hours a day, can be greeted on the territory of the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom is also known as "the sun does not set the Empire."　　Britain"s rapid rise in 1688 and the "Glorious Revolution" and inseparable, as a result of this revolution in Britain was the first to set up the world"s most democratic system of constitutional monarchy. Since then, the British domestic stability into the brains of people, focusing on economic development, actively carry out foreign trade activities, for a colony. Britain has with the Netherlands, France conducted a number of colonies and trading privileges for the war, have made the victory. To the 18th century, the United Kingdom is already the number one naval power in the hands of the global sea. In the late 18th century, the United Kingdom the first to open the first industrial revolution.　　With the start of the Industrial Revolution, a lot of wealth, as if like magic Side run out, the United Kingdom has therefore become the world"s rich countries. To the mid-19th century, the United Kingdom to become the world"s first industrialized countries, which export a large number of manufactured goods, imports of raw materials and a large number of agricultural and sideline products. Britain become the world"s factory, the economic center. In 1851, the number of British merchant account for nearly half of world merchant shipping, industrial products occupied 50% of the world market, production of pig iron accounted for 53% of the world"s coal output accounted for 50% of the world.　　The entire 19th century, Britain was also frequently provoke a war of the century. It was the first in Europe to dominate the war against Napoleon, the end to the "Corsican monster" into the Atlantic on a small island; in Africa Blacks launched a drive of the Zulu war; in Asia, the Indian repression of the uprising , Provoked the Opium War against China, Myanmar and Thailand invasion, the occupation of Malaya; with Russia was the Crimean War, took control of Turkey and Iran. Through these bloody wars, the British occupation of large areas of the colony.　　On the other hand, the United Kingdom in "gunboat", to force weaker countries to sign all kinds of unequal treaties, the United Kingdom, opening Britain"s low-cost goods, such as access to flood, the destruction of the local handicraft industry, and the British have put a lot of money transport Back to the home.　　After 3 months of the century and for the expansion of the British establishment of a huge British Empire. In addition to the home of the British Empire has a three off the island of England, also issued with a dominion, the colony in escrow, and so on. The most powerful of the British Empire at the time of territory across 5 continents with a total area of up to 33,500,000 square kilometers, the United Kingdom is 137 times that of the total global area of 1 / 4; its colony with a population of about 400,000,000, of the total population of the colony 75 %. From the Earth near the Canadian Arctic, the Antarctic to the vicinity of Argentina, from the Congo River in Africa, Asia, South-East Asia have ranged from the size of the British colony.　　At that time, the British complacency: "Russia and the North American plains is our corn, Chicago and Odessa is our granary, Canada and the Baltic Sea is our forests, our Australian sheep farms, Argentina and North American prairie to the west of our cattle grazing, and sent Peruvian silver, gold sent Australia and South Africa, India and China has provided us with tea, East Indies to provide us with coffee, sugar and spices. "　　Of the 20th century, along with the rise of the United States and Germany, the United Kingdom is seriously challenge for supremacy. After the end of World War I, a British colony became independent one after another, the economic center has shifted to the United States. After the end of World War II, a further decline in the status of Britain, reduced to a second-rate power, the sun does not set disintegration of the empire.

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英国的全称是大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰，苏格兰。威尔士和北爱尔兰组成，其中英格兰首都伦敦，苏格兰首都爱丁堡，北爱尔兰首都贝尔法斯特，伦敦也是英国的首都。

雅思阅读考试的一个重要规律是：题干中的句子之间，词语之间的逻辑关系在原文中一般不变(但表现方式可能会变)。这一规律使得逻辑关系词可以有效地协助题干关键词在原文中定位答案信息源。尤其在摘要题(Summary)中这一方法使用频率很高。例如：1.剑5 / P50 / Q30-31题干：In Britain， moreover， scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas。原文：First， it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second， it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world … (Para.7)题干中出现的neither…nor…是连接两个否定概念的并列逻辑关系词。原文中对应出现了完全相同的逻辑关系，即first， it lacked …， second it lacked …(表现方式有所变化)。我们可根据这种对应的逻辑关系在原文中快速定位答案信息源。2.剑5 / P50 / Q33-34题干：Although English was then overtaken by German， it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution。原文：In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. … However， in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary。题干中出现的两种逻辑关系均在原文中对应出现。一是表示转折关系的although， 对应于原文中的however；二是表示因果关系的as a direct result of 对应于原文中表因果的逻辑关系词as。很显然，这对于题干信息的定位意义重大。3.剑5 / P70 / Q25-26题干：To deal with this， Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in the short term， and increasing the amount of water available through desalination in the longer term。原文：In the immediate future， Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways， in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says， however， that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available。题干中出现了表示递进的逻辑关系词in the short term … in the longer term …。快速查读原文，可定位于文中相同的逻辑结构in the immediate future … in the long term …。另外，对雅思复习资料文章进行精读训练的同学会发现，除了以上两大功能之外，逻辑关系词在原文中的位置还常常是命题考点集中的地方。因此学习和掌握逻辑关系词在阅读中的功能和作用，将对提高答题的速度起关键性的作用。同时，能够熟练运用逻辑关系词对于写出条理清楚，层次分明的雅思作文也大有帮助。

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科学发展给我们带来的好处No technology, we which come of comfortable material life and spirit to enjoy? Not the progress of science and technology which can eat to hybrid number two? What we can put on cotton clothes, we which to live in tall buildings?If is greater than the disadvantages, that is why humans are also happen to coincide the progress of choice? Only progress to make a better tomorrow! A person not progress is sad, a country not progress is declining, a world not progress is dark. As long as in the continuous progress of human life, can get distillation.For thousands of years, from the carriage into cars, trains, planes; From kerosene lamps into incandescent lamp, neon lights, energy-saving lamp; From cape there became so close, video chat, a mouse do just know. Isn"t it?You said that the development of science and technology brings air pollution, you said technology development have a white trash, you said technology development formed the warming...... All things can"t all be perfect, the bright place the shadow behind the dark, but with these you will conclude that science and technology development more harm than good? "The world is different from what times are different, the problem of air pollution is different also, say, all the provinces are rolled out prevention plan; White trash, unified handling; Car tail gas cause warming scientists also developed solar cars. See now, the solar energy water heater, the solar energy air conditioning, solar battery... Environmental conservation solar energy has gradually entered the families, this is not science and technology in the development? Although there are drawbacks, but compared to benefit mankind, environmental protection science and technology development idea, the home is not always, so long as has the disadvantages, and scientists will also want to measures to solve, we can"t because of the pace of the moment, the development of science and technology will not stop.The development of science and technology to promote the social progress and human progress. As the first industrial revolutions in the invention of the steam engine and improvement, will promote the steam age human, social productivity development greatly. The second industrial revolution in the application of power that humans move into the age of electricity, the third time the technological revolution of the electronic the invention of the computer application, the application of information technology, the people into the information age. Be like again the second industrial revolution of the telephone in the invention of the telegraph and application and promoting the development of the cause of human telecommunications, make people communication more convenient, promote the economic development and social progress. And now the Internet, can make people know as early as possible the affairs of state, news, at home have a group of books, is "the show just don"t go out, all just know." . And the development of traffic tools, can make in the distant relatives to visit relatives in other. Medical development make many serious illness healed, lose the organs can clone.

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　　Industrialisation　　Hello!everyone,today I will introduce Industrialisation　　Industrialisation is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarial society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.[2]　　Industrialization also introduces a form of philosophical change where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation.　　There is considerable energy in and around literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development.[3] Key positive factors identified by researchers have ranged from favourable political-legal environments for industry and commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of relatively low-cost, skilled and adaptable labour.　　One survey[citation needed] of countries in Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East and the rest of Asia in the late 20th century found that high levels of structural differentiation, functional specialisation, and autonomy of economic systems from government were likely to contribute greatly to industrial-commercial growth and prosperity. Amongst other things, relatively open trading systems with zero or low duties on imported goods tended to stimulate industrial cost-efficiency and innovation across the board. Free and flexible labour and other markets also helped raise general business-economic performance levels, as did rapid popular learning capabilities.　　Positive work ethics in populations at large combined with skills in quickly utilising new technologies and scientific discoveries were likely to boost production and income levels – and as the latter rose, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tended to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth. By the end of the century, East Asia was one of the most economically successful regions of the world – with free market countries such as Hong Kong being widely seen as models for other, less developed countries around the world to emulate.The first country to industrialise was the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution

1、B2、D3、B4、A5、B自己做的，仅供参考哈。