今天买了缩二脲的基准物质，上面标注是：S.G. 级别，请问是什么级别或什么概念？谢谢！

食品添加剂相关的英文缩略语："#xMqpADI ：（Acceptable Daily Intakes）每日人体每千克允许摄入量，常用单位为mg/kg.oiMCAC ：(Codex Alimentarius Commission) (联合国）食品法规委员会LzY-u?CAS ：（Chemical Abstracts Service number) 美国化学文摘服务社编号dCCFA ：（Codex Committee on Food Additives）（联合国）食品添加剂法规委员会PdxKCE或COE ： （Council of Europe）欧洲理事会.:at3ACFR ： （Code of Federal Ragulations-USA）美国联邦法规索引J8|@C.I.： （Colour Index) 染料索引号sCCXAS： (Codex Advisory Specifications）CAS认可的质量标准mD.E ： (Dextrose Equivalent value) 葡萄糖当量值ENNEC： （Enzyme Commission of IUB）国际生物化学联合会酶委员会（用于酶的系统命名和编号系统）[aEEC：（European Economic Community） 欧洲经济共同体:>XD-EOA： （the Essential Oil Association of USA）美国精油协会bFAO：（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation）联合国食品与农业组织（也称联合国粮农组织）=| FCC： （Food Chemicals Codex）美国食用化学品法典FFDA： （Food and Drug Administration）（美国）食品和药物管理局$GJ?FD＆C：（Food,Drug and Cosmetic）（美国）食品、药物和化妆品（编号）W`KwbcFFMA： （Flavour Extract Manufacture"s Association）（美国）食用香料制造者协会x?.GFNP：（FAO Food and Nutrition Paper） （FAO编号）食品和营养报告;cfN!GB ：中华人民共和国国家标准]I`l;UGMP：（Good Manufacturing Practice） 良好操作规程P`GRAS：（Generally Recognized As Safe）一般公认安全的9HACSG： （Hyperalive Children"s Support Group of EEC）欧共体儿童保护集团$:a4oIFRA： （International Fragrance Association）国际日用香料香精协会v"/INS： （International Nunbering System）（CAC 1989年通过的食品添加剂）国际编号系统 （用于食品添加剂）4GhDU)JAS： （Japanese Agricultural Standard）日本农林规格!JECFA： （Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives）FAO/WHO食品添加剂专家联合委员会lLD50： (50% Lethal Dose) 半数致死量，亦称致死中量xMNL： （Maximum No-effect Level） 最大无作用量（亦称最大耐受量）JQB ：中华人民共和国轻工业部部标准*SCF： （Scientific Committee for Foods of the EEC）欧洲经济共同体食品科学委员会d&-WHO：（World Health Organization）（联合国）世界卫生组织>

【答案】：为改善食品品质和色、香、味以及防腐和加工工艺的需要而加入食品中的化学合成或天然物质。

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　　宝宝们除了靠吃母乳之外，妈妈们通常也会帮助孩子选择乳粉来维持孩子的营养，这样他们不仅可以得到母乳的营养，也可以吸取不同的营养价值。但是有个问题存在各位妈妈的心中，那就是配方乳粉的原料是什么?那我们一起来看看吧。 配方乳粉的原料是什么 　　婴儿配方乳粉是以牛乳、脱盐乳清粉、乳清蛋白粉等牛乳分离提取物为主要蛋白原料，其蛋白质组成和含量与母乳成分尚有一定差异。，但要使其最大限度地接近母乳，符合婴儿消化吸收和营养需要。依照美国食物药物管理中心(FDA)规定，婴儿配方中所有成份，必需被认可为安全食物成份(generallyrccognized as safe-GRAS)，或可作为食品添加物(food additives)，才能添加在婴儿配方制造过程之中。 　　为了尽可能模拟母乳，配方奶粉除去生鲜乳中多余酪蛋白，强化乳清蛋白;去除多余饱和脂肪酸，强化不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸;去除原料乳中过多的矿物质以减轻肾脏负担;此外在原料乳中还强化了乳糖、牛磺酸、维生素、微量元素和某些氨基酸。 　　中老年配方乳粉是以新鲜牛乳或脱脂乳为主要原料，添加一定量的蛋白质、碳水化合物和中老年人易缺乏的维生素和矿物质，混匀后经杀菌、浓缩、干燥等工艺而制得的粉末状产品。 　　另外，常饮用中老年配方乳粉，乳粉中的某些成分能促进机体的消化、吸收，调整机体节律，延缓机体衰老，增强机体抗病能力，具有类似药物的疗效作用。 配方奶粉为什么要添加植物油? 　　配方奶粉所含脂肪是这样来的......宝宝食用的配方奶粉是以牛奶为原料生产的，但是牛奶中的脂肪酸种类和脂肪的分子结构，并不都适合宝宝。这就需要把牛奶进行脱脂后加入植物油，才能让牛奶中的脂肪变得适合宝宝。 　　无论国内还是国外的婴幼儿配方奶粉，大多是从脂肪酸种类方面来模仿母乳，主要将葵花籽油、玉米油、棕榈油、椰子油、大豆油等各种精炼植物油复合而成后加入，这样能保证脂肪中脂肪酸的恒定。 　　另我们熟悉的OPO结构脂，则是从脂肪酸分子结构水平来模仿母乳。母乳中脂肪高达70%的棕榈酸连在2位上，而不饱和脂肪酸主要连接在1、3位上，即O-P-O结构，这种结构脂肪经过消化吸收后，优先释放出来1、3位上的不饱和脂肪酸很容易被肠道吸收进入到血液中，2位上的棕榈酸也很容易被肠道所吸收。专业术语太复杂不懂没关系，总之就是宝宝肠胃对添加这种脂肪的奶粉更容易消化和吸收。(提示：OPO结构脂化学名称为1，3-二油酸2-棕榈酸甘油三酯)

芮是什么意思

Food and healthMost American kitchens are well equipped with fridges and lots of electrical gadgets (小机械、小器具). To save time, many Americans often buy fast foods. On holidays, families enjoy delicious meals. For example, on Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November, family members get together for a turkey dinner with pumpkin pies. The United States is famous for its fast food, such as hamburgers, sandwiches, pizzas, and many kinds of ice creams. People can easily find fast food chains, such as McDonald"s and Kentucky Friend Chicken, in most of the big cities in the world. Among the foreign restaurants in the USA, Chinese, French, Italian and Mexican cooking are the most popular. People like to go to these restaurants. But there are many other restaurants, too. German, Greek, Japanese and Vietnamese dishes in these restaurants. These years, many people have taken more and more care of their health while eating. They come to know eating too much meat will be overweight. Many of them are also worried about food additives (添加剂). Some of them may be harmful to the body可以翻译为：食品和健康大多数美国人的厨房都配备冰箱和大量的电气设备(小机械,小器具)。为了节省时间,很多美国人经常买快餐食品。在假日,享受美味的食物。家庭例如,在感恩节那一天,在11月的第四个星期四,家庭成员聚在一起吃火鸡大餐和南瓜派。美国是有名的快餐,比如汉堡、三明治、披萨、和许多种类的冰淇淋。人们可以很容易地找到连锁快餐店,如麦当劳和肯塔基的朋友鸡,在大多数大城市在世界。在外国餐馆在美国,中国,法国,意大利和墨西哥烹饪是最受欢迎的。人们喜欢去这些餐馆。但也有许多其他的餐厅,太。德国、希腊、日本和越南菜在这些餐馆。这些年来,许多人已经越来越关心自己的身体健康而吃。他们来知道吃太多的肉会超重。他们中的许多人还担心食品添加剂(添加剂)。他们中的一些人可能对身体有害

头疼散就有这玩意、喝了飘飘仙

healthconcernsofinstantnoodlesInstantnoodlesareoftencriticizedasbeingunhealthyorjunkfood.Asingleservingofinstantnoodlesishighincarbohydratesbutlowinfiber,vitaminsandminerals.Noodlesaretypicallyfriedaspartofthemanufacturingprocess,resultinginhighlevelsofsaturatedfatand/ortransfat.Additionally,ifservedinaninstantbroth,ittypicallycontainshighamountsofsodium,usuallyinexcessof60%theU.S.RecommendedDietaryAllowance(1,200-1,440mg).Somebrandsmayhaveover3,000mgofsodiuminextremecases.Themostrecentcontroversyconcernsdioxinandotherhormone-likesubstancesthatcouldtheoreticallybeextractedfromthepackagingandgluesusedtopacktheinstantnoodles.Ashotwaterisadded,itwasreasonedthatharmfulsubstancescouldseepintothesoup.Afteraseriesofstudieswereconducted,variousorganizationsrequestedchangesinthepackaging.[4]InstantnoodleusuallyhaveflavouringadditivessuchasMonosodiumGlutamatewhichhavebeenlinkedwithhealthissues.Anothermajorconcernonthehealthdrawbackofconsumingtheinstantnoodlesisthattheproductscanbemanufacturedwithoxidizedfatandoilsiftheprocessisnotbettermanaged.Oxidizedfatandoilsarehealthhazardsubstanceswhichinduceneurotoxinsandwhichmakeneurocellshypoactive

取决于期刊啊,能景气呗

那是国家颁布的食品卫生类标准，它代替2003年同品种国家标准，是现行版本。如果按出版形式划分：属于标准文献；按照加工层次属于文献的类型，应该是三次文献

为大家整理的《高中英语作文精选：食品安全问题》，供大家参考。 In recent years, China"s food industry occurs security issus frequently, which makes people worried and lose confidence. Food safety, related to the people"s health, safety and healthy development of economy, is the major issue of national stability and social development. Since the Sanlu Incident occurred in 2008, the entire society increasingly concerned about food safety issue. It was in this context that the food safety issue was referred to an unprecedented level. 近几年，中国食品工业经常发生安全问题，这使得人们很担忧并失去了信心。食品安全与人们的健康，安全以及经济的健康发展息息相关，是国家稳定和社会发展的主要问题。自2008年三鹿事件发生以来，全社会对食品安全问题的关注越来越高。正是在这种情况下，食品安全问题被提到了一个空前的水平。 There are the following main issues in food security: using poor quality raw materials in the food manufacturing process, adding toxic substances, excessive use of food additives, abusing of chemical additives and so on. There are many reasons to cause this problem, and regulators, producers and even consumers share responsibilities. The entire society should try effort to avoid food safety issues. 食品安全主要存在以下问题：在生产食品过程使用劣质的原材料，添加有毒物质，过量使用防腐剂，滥用化学添加剂等等。引起这一问题的原因有很多，监管者，生产者甚至是消费者都有责任。全社会应该尽力避免食品安全问题。

Food and Health The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things in the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1. What is the beat possible title of the passage?A. Drug and Food B. Cancer and Health C. Food and Health D. Health and Dealth2.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.B. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.C.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty_five years.D. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3. How has science done something harmful to mankind?A. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.C. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmly substances have been added to food.D. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.4. What are nitrates used for?A. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.B. They preserve the color of meats. C. They are the objects of research.D. They cause the animals to become fatter.5. The word" carinogenic" most nearly means "_____"A. trouble_making B. color_retainC. money_making D. cancer_causing According to the passage, wohat has science done to minkind?

不粘锅可能含致癌物：全氟辛酸铵（PFOA）　　全氟辛酸铵（PFOA）的作用是将特氟龙涂层牢牢固定在厨具的表面。实验室数据表明，高剂量的PFOA暴露与动物模型的癌症发生相关。PFOA还可能导致胆固醇水平升高，甲状腺疾病及不育。更糟糕的是，PFOA在人群血液样本和环境中也有发现。　　但必须要说明的是，目前并没有任何研究表明人群血液中检测到的PFOA是源自对特氟龙厨具的使用。尽管PFOA在一些公共水源中也能检测到，科学家们并不清楚PFOA是如何进入我们的环境的。因为除特氟龙的制造外，PFOA也被广泛用于制造其他产品，包括防雨外套、织物保护层、防火套管及密封带，因此PFOA可通过多种途径进入我们的环境。　　另一方面，在不粘锅制造中的加热过程，绝大部分PFOA已被破坏。因此，在不粘锅厨具成品中，PFOA的含量应该是极微量的。

In recent years, Chinas food industry occurs security issus frequently, which makes people worried and lose confidence. Food safety, related to the peoples health, safety and healthy development of economy, is the major issue of national stability and social development. Since the Sanlu Incident occurred in 2008, the entire society increasingly concerned about food safety issue. It was in this context that the food safety issue was referred to an unprecedented level. There are the following main issues in food security: using poor quality raw materials in the food manufacturing process, adding toxic substances, excessive use of food additives, abusing of chemical additives and so on. There are many reasons to cause this problem, and regulators, producers and even consumers share responsibilities. The entire society should try effort to avoid food safety issues.

小题1:D小题2:A小题3:A小题4:C 试题分析：本文主要讲述的是食物可以让我们生存，但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的。告诉我们要特别注意自己所吃的食物。小题1:D 推理题。根据第一段前4行The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well.说明食物可以让我们生存，但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的。说明对于我们的食物我们要特别注意。故D项正确。小题2:A 细节题。根据第一段3,4行Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well.说明百分之80的疾病都是由我们吃的食物引起的，故A项正确。小题3:A 细节题。根据第一段后3行In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives（添加剂）caused cancer.说明这些让肉着色的添加剂会导致癌症。那么对人体是有害的，故A正确。小题4:C 细节题。根据文章第二段第二句The additives which we eat are not all so direct.说明很多的添加剂都不是直接的影响人体的健康的。故C正确。点评：本文主要讲述的是食品安全的话题。文章基本上是考查细节题，对此类题型考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。

【专升本快速报名和免费咨询：https://www.87dh.com/xl/ 】上海商学院专升本(高本贯通)专业介绍：食品质量与安全专业已经公布。从专业特点、主要课程、就业方向等几个方面做了详细的讲解，详情如下：上海商学院专升本(高本贯通)专业介绍：食品质量与安全专业点击查看：上海统招专升本题库试题食品质量与安全 四年制专业特点：“专业训练+商科基础”打造现代食品行业精英人才 食品质量与安全专业于2021年经美国食品科技学会(Institute of Food Technologists, IFT)高等教育认证委员会(Higher Education Review Board, HERB)审定，通过IFT国际权威专业认证。 本专业拥有高水平、国际化的教学团队。专任教师高级职称占比70%，博士学位占比100%。专业设置以来，完成多项国家自然科学基金、省部委及企业科研项目，累计发表SCI、CSCD等科研论文300余篇，申报专利20余项。师资专业背景跨度大、学缘结构合理，在专业领域具有较高的学术造诣。 围绕国家经济建设和社会发展需求，本专业以适应我国大型商业城市食品产业需求为目标，结合学校面向上海现代服务业发展需求的办学理念，将毕业生的培养定位为具有商科基础的食品专业应用技术精英人才。 专业能力与综合素质：本专业在国家教育部教育指导委员会制定的食品质量与安全本科教学规范的基础上，增设管理学、经济学、市场营销学等商业知识相关课程;专业能力培养对标大型商业城市流通环节食品质量与安全保障人才的能力需求;综合素养培养凸显学校商科特色、对标国际专业认证，为学生终生成功能力的养成奠定基础。 应用实践能力：本专业拥有雄厚的实践教学资源，校内具有11个专业实验室及2个实践教学中心，校外与15家国内外最高行业水平的企业建立了专业能力实践基地。本专业与上海市、区食品安全监管及检验机构合作，强化实践教学，着重培养学生的应用型技能，为学生就业及创业提供重要支撑。近五年本专业学生的职业技能资格证书通过率均达100%，就业率均超98%。 创新能力：本专业重视学生科技创新能力的培养，以各类竞赛为切入点，以比赛作为学生实践能力体现的平台，以赛促学，组织学生参加课外科技作品竞赛、创新创业竞赛、食品检验、焙烤及创意西点等相关的各项技能大赛等。本专业学生在互联网+、挑战杯等国家学科竞赛中先后获得国家级银奖、上海市级金奖及一等奖等。 国际化视野：本专业是我国15个通过IFT国际专业认证的食品专业之一，具有与国际知名学府同等的专业能力培养规格，国际化课程通过率达100%。为拓展学生国际化视野，支持学生进一步申请国际知名高校留学，进入国际知名企业就业奠定了重要基础。2022届毕业生研究生升学率为22%。主要课程：食品化学(Food Chemistry) 食品微生物学(Food Microbiology) 食品分析(Food Physical and Chemical Analysis) 食品工程原理(Principles of Food Engineering) 食品工艺学(Food Processing Technology) 食品营养学(Food Nutrition) 食品安全与卫生学(Food Safety and Hygiene) 食品微生物检验 (Food Microbiological Analysis) 食品标准与法规(Food Standard and Legislation) 食品添加剂(Food Additives) 食品质量管理(Food Quality Management ) 食品安全监督管理(Food Safety Supervision and Administration) 食品毒理学 (Food Toxicology)就业方向：食品生产、商贸企业、国际及国内知名检验认证机构、食品药品监管管理局等政府部门和科研机构等企事业单位的食品生产品控、研发企划、质量管理与认证、分析检测、市场监督管理及科学研究等岗位。上海商学院专升本(高本贯通)专业介绍：食品质量与安全专业已经公布，更多上海专升本(高本贯通)资讯，请关注上海专升本(高本贯通)栏目页面。专升本有疑问、不知道如何总结专升本考点内容、不清楚专升本报名当地政策，点击底部咨询官网，免费领取复习资料：https://www.87dh.com/xl/

你确定你吃的驴肉火烧是真驴肉么Are you sure the donkey meat you eat is really a donkey?由于数个作坊被指控以马肉充当驴肉，城市开始对此事介入调查。A citywide inspection has been launched in Hejian, the "home of the donkey burger" in Hebei province, after the discovery of hundreds of workshops making and selling fake donkey meat.在数百个生产和销售假驴肉的作坊被发现后，河北省的“驴肉火烧之家”河间市开展了全市范围的检查。The city government announced the crackdown after an investigation by Beijing News found that many family businesses and companies have been using cheap cuts from mules, horses and pigs to make illegal products.北京市政府在接受《新京报》调查后宣布了整治行动。该调查发现，许多家族企业和公司一直在利用骡子、马和猪等廉价产品来充当驴肉制造非法产品。Restaurants and other businesses nationwide have been snapping up the fake meat at a cost of about 40 yuan (S$8.20) a kilogram, less than half the price of real donkey meat, the paper reported.据报道，全国范围内的餐馆和其他企业都在以每公斤40元(约合8.20美元)的价格抢购这批假货，这还不到真正驴肉价格的一半。Located about 200 kilometers south of Beijing, Hejian is famous for lyurou huoshao, a traditional snack of ground donkey meat in a baked wheat bun. The city is also a major source of donkey meat, particularly in northern China.河间位于北京以南约200公里处，因其传统小吃“驴肉火烧”-一种饼夹肉美食-而闻名。这个城市也是驴肉的主要来源，尤其是在中国北方。Yet much of the donkey meat is not real. In fact, it"s made from the meat of mules, horses and even pigs, which is cooked together with food additives to make the meat smell like donkey, according to the Beijing News report.然而，许多驴肉并不是真的。事实上，它是由骡子、马、甚至是猪的肉制成的，它们与食品添加剂一起烹制，使肉闻起来像驴肉。Out of Hejian"s more than 300 family workshops, only a few have business licenses, and even some of them are producing fake donkey meat to ship to Beijing as well as Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Anhui provinces, the paper said.该报称，在河间的300多个家庭作坊中，只有少数人拥有营业执照，甚至其中一些人还生产假驴肉，运往北京、河北、河南、山东和安徽等地。

　　在定语从句中，关系代词that和which都可以引导定语从句，但是有些情况只能用that不能用which. 　　一、当先行词是everything、nothing、something、anything、all、little、much等不定代词时，如： 　　Everything that he has done is all wrong. 　　他所做的任何事都是错的。 　　I seldom eat anything that has many food additives. 　　我很少吃含有很多食品添加剂的食物。 　　I can"t do much that hurts you so much. 　　我不能多做伤害你很深的事。 　　That"s all that I can give you. 　　我能给你的就这么多了。 　　二、先行词被all、every、no、some、any、little、much, the only, the very等词修饰时，如： 　　A current mobile phone almost has all the functions that a computer has. 　　现在的.手机几乎拥有了电脑所有的功能。 　　Every chance that occurs around us should be cherished. 　　我们要珍惜身边出现的机会。 　　The only thing that we could do was to cancel this plan. 　　我们唯一能做的就是取消这个计划。 　　三、先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，如： 　　It is the second famous IT company that I"ve been chasing. 　　这是我一直寻觅的第二著名的信息公司。 　　This is the most expensive hotel that I know. 　　这是我知道的最贵的旅馆。 　　四、先行词由人和物共同组成时，如： 　　The teacher and his achievements that you told about are all recognized by all of us. 　　The dog and its doghouse that I saw yesterday are all destroyed by the typhoon. 　　我昨天看到的这条狗和它的狗窝全部被台风毁了。 　　五、如果关系代词在定语从句中作表语，或者在there＋be句型中引导从句，一般用that，如： 　　There is some bread in the table that is hot. 　　桌子上还有一些热的面包。 　　There are still some jobs that should be finished within today. 　　还有些工作需要在今天之内完成。 　　六、如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that，如： 　　The company released a new machine which has better performances that are considered as the best so far. 　　这个公司发布了一款拥有更好性能的机器，这种性能目前被认为是最好的。 　　The CSRC issued some bad news which could be guessed by the market that already fluctuatedsignificantly。 　　证监会发布了一些早已被市场意料到的不好消息，这个市场已经波动很厉害了。 　　七、被修饰的成分为数词时，关系代词常用that，如： 　　Yesterday I bought two turtles，now you can see the two that are still alive. 　　昨天我买了2只龟，现在你可以看见他们还活着。

classic food经典的食物双语对照例句:1.In a classic psychological experiment, people were shown a series offictitious names of food additives, all with 12 letters. 在一个经典的心理学实验中，研究人员向受验者展示了一系列虚构的食品添加物名称，它们都由12个英文字母组成。2.State number of green food kin spirulina classic red 1000 five diamond 国食健字号-绿色经典螺旋藻1000片-冲五钻！

http://www.cnfoodadd.com/http://www.chinafoodadditives.com/http://www.kechengfood.com.cn/http://www.foodmate.net/lesson/39/7.php食品添加剂 学时分配：2学时学习重点：食品添加剂定义、使用要求及卫生管理，常见食品添加剂的作用、作用原理及其安全性。基本概念；食品添加剂：指为改善食品品质和色、香、味以及防腐和加工工艺的需要，加入食品中的化学合成或天然物质。在我国“营养强化剂”也属于食品添加剂，营养强化剂是指“为增强营养成分而加入食品中的天然或人工合成的属于天然营养素范围的食品添加剂”。。基本要求：我国1990年颁布的“食品添加剂分类和代码”，按其主要功能作用不同，其分类和代码分别为：酸度调节剂（01）、抗结剂（02）、消泡剂（03）、抗氧化剂（04）、漂白剂、膨松剂、胶姆糖基础剂、着色剂、护色剂、乳化剂、酶制剂、增味剂、面粉处理剂、被膜剂、水分保持剂、营养强化剂、防腐剂、稳定和凝固剂、甜味剂、增稠剂、其他共21类，另有食用香料、加工助剂。食品添加剂的使用要求：1.经过安全性毒理学评价证明在使用限量内长期使用对人体安全无害。2.不影响食品感官理化性质，对食品营养成分不应有破坏作用。3.食品添加剂应有严格的卫生标准和质量标准，并经中华人民共和国卫生部正式批准、公布。4.食品添加剂在达到一定使用目的后，经加工、烹调或储存时，能被破坏或排除。5.不得使用食品添加剂掩盖食品的缺陷或作为伪造的手段。不得使用非定点生产厂、无生产许可证及污染或变质的食品添加剂。常见的食品添加剂：一、抗氧化剂1．抗氧化剂的作用机理抗氧化剂的作用机理是比较复杂的，存在着多种可能性。如有的抗氧化剂是由于本身极易被氧化，首先与氧反应，从而保护了食品。如VE。有的抗氧化剂可以放出氢离子将油脂在自动氧化过程中所产生的过氧化物分解破坏，使其不能形成醛或酮的产物如硫代二丙酸二月桂酯等。有些抗氧化剂可能与其所产生的过氧化物结合，形成氢过氧化物，使油脂氧化过程中断，从而组织氧化过程的进行，而本身则形成抗氧化剂自由基，但抗氧化剂自由基可形成稳定的二聚体，或与过氧化自由基ROO。结合形成稳定的化合物。如BHA、BHT、TBHQ、PG、茶多酚等。2．几种常用的脂溶性抗氧化剂（1）BHA：丁基羟基茴香醚。因为加热后效果保持性好，在保存食品上有效，它是目前国际上广泛使用的抗氧化剂之一，也是我国常用的抗氧化剂之一。和其它抗氧化剂有协同作用，并与增效剂如柠檬酸等使用，其抗氧化效果更为显著。一般认为BHA毒性很小，较为安全。（2）BHT：二丁基羟基甲苯。与其它抗氧化剂相比，稳定性较高，耐热性好，在普通烹调温度下影响不大，抗氧化效果也好，用于长期保存的食品与焙烤食品很有效。是目前国际上特别是在水产加工方面广泛应用的廉价抗氧化剂。一般与BHA并用，并以柠檬酸或其他有机酸为增效剂。相对BHA来说，毒性稍高一些。（3）PG：没食子酸丙酯。对热比较稳定。PG对猪油的抗氧化作用较BHA和BHT强些。毒性较低。（4）TBHQ：特丁基对苯二酚。是较新的一类酚类抗氧化剂，其抗氧化效果较好。二、漂白剂这类物质均能产生二氧化硫，二氧化硫遇水则形成亚硫酸。除具有漂白作用外，还具有防腐作用。此外，由于亚硫酸的强还原性，能消耗果蔬组织中的氧，抑制氧化酶的活性，可防止果蔬中的维生素C的氧化破坏。亚硫酸盐在人体内可被代谢成为硫酸盐，通过解毒过程从尿中排出。亚硫酸盐这类化合物不适用于动物性食品，以免产生不愉快的气味。亚硫酸盐对维生素B1与破坏作用，故B1含量较多的食品如肉类、谷物、乳制品及坚果类食品也不适合。因其能导致过敏反应而在美国等国家的使用受到严格限制。三、着色剂又称色素，是使食品着色后提高其感官性状的一类物质。食用色素按其性质和来源，可分为食用天然色素和食用合成色素两大类。1．食用合成色素，属于人工合成色素。食用合成色素的特点：色彩鲜艳、性质稳定、着色力强、牢固度大、可取得任意色彩，加上成本低廉，使用方便。但合成色素大多数对人体有害。合成色素的毒性有的为本身的化学性能对人体有直接毒性；有的或在代谢过程中产生有害物质；在生产过程还可能被砷、铅或其它有害化合物污染。在我国目前允许使用的合成色素有苋菜红、胭脂红、赤鲜红（樱桃红）、新红、诱惑红、柠檬黄、日落黄、亮蓝、靛蓝和它们各自的铝色淀。以及合成的β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素铜钠和二氧化钛。2．食用天然色素，使用天然色素主要是由动植物组织中提取的色素，人天然色素成分较为复杂，经过纯化后的天然色素，其作用也有可能和原来的不同。而且在精制的过程中，其化学结构也可能发生变化；此外在加工的过程中，还有被污染的可能，故不能认为天然色素就一定是纯净无害的。合成食用色素同其它食品添加剂一样，为达到安全使用的目的，需进行严格的毒理学评价。包括①化学结构、理化性质、纯度、在食品中的存在形式以及降解过程和降解产物；②随同食品被机体吸收后，在组织器官内的潴留分布、代谢转变和及排泄状况；③本身及其代谢产物在机体内引起的生物学变化，亦及对机体可能造成的毒害及其机理。包括急性毒性、慢性毒性、对生育繁殖的影响、胚胎毒性、致畸性、致突变性、致癌性、致敏性等。四、护色剂护色剂又称发色剂。在食品的加工过程中，为了改善或保护食品的色泽，除了使用色素直接对食品进行着色外，有时还需要添加适量的发色剂，使制品呈现良好的色泽1．发色剂的发色原理和其他作用：①发色作用，为使肉制品呈鲜艳的红色，在加工过程中多添加硝酸盐（钠或钾）或亚硝酸盐。硝酸盐在细菌硝酸盐还原酶的作用下，还原成亚硝酸盐。亚硝酸盐在酸性条件下会生成亚硝酸。在常温下，也可分解产生亚硝基（NO），此时生成的亚硝基会很快的与肌红蛋白反应生成，稳定的、鲜艳的、亮红色的亚硝化肌红蛋白。故使肉可保持稳定的鲜艳。②抑菌作用：亚硝酸盐在肉制品中，对抑制微生物的增殖有一定的作用。2．发色剂的应用亚硝酸盐是添加剂中急性毒性较强的物质之一，是一种剧毒药，可使正常的血红蛋白变成高铁血红蛋白，失去携带氧的能力，导致组织缺氧。其次亚硝酸盐为亚硝基化合物的前体物，其致癌性引起了国际性的注意，因此各方面要求把硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的添加量，在保证发色的情况下，限制在最低水平。抗坏血酸与亚硝酸盐有高度亲和力，在体内能防止亚硝化作用，从而几乎能完全一直亚硝基化合物的生成。所以在肉类腌制时添加适量的抗坏血酸，有可能防止生成致癌物质。虽然硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的使用受到了很大限制，但至今国内外仍在继续使用。其原因是亚硝酸盐对保持腌制肉制品的色、香、味有特殊作用，迄今未发现理想的替代物质。更重要的原因是亚硝酸盐对肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌的抑制作用。但对使用的食品及其使用量和残留量有严格要求。五、酶制剂酶制剂指从生物（包括动物、植物、微生物）中提取具有生物催化能力酶特性的物质。主要用于加速食品加工过程和提高食品产品质量。我国允许使用的酶制剂有：木瓜蛋白酶——来自未成熟的木瓜的胶乳中提取；以及由米曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌等所制得的蛋白酶；α-淀粉酶——多来自枯草杆菌；糖化型淀粉酶——我国用于生产本酶制剂的菌种有黑曲霉、根酶、红曲酶、拟内孢酶；由黑曲霉、米曲霉、黄曲霉生产的果胶酶等。六、增味剂是指为补充、增强、改进食品中的原有口味或滋味的物质。有的称为鲜味剂或品味剂。我国目前允许使用的增味剂有谷氨酸钠、-鸟苷酸二钠和5"-肌苷酸二钠5"-呈味核甘酸二钠、琥珀酸二钠和L-丙氨酸。谷氨酸钠为含有一分子结晶水的L-谷氨酸一钠。易溶于水，在150℃时失去结晶水，210℃时发生吡咯烷酮化，生成焦谷氨酸，270℃左右时则分解。对光稳定，在碱性条件下加热发生消旋作用，呈味力降低。在PH为5以下的酸性条件下加热时易可发生吡咯烷酮化，变成焦谷氨酸，呈味力降低。在中性时加热则很少发生变化。谷氨酸属于低毒物质。在一般用量条件下不存在毒性问题，而核甘酸系列的增味剂均广泛的存在于各种食品中。不需要特殊规定。近年来，有开发了许多肉类提取物、酵母抽提物、水解动物蛋白和水解植物蛋白等。七、防腐剂是指能抑制食品中微生物的繁殖，防止食品腐败变质，延长食品保存期的物质。防腐剂一般分为酸型防腐剂、酯型防腐剂和生物防腐剂。一、酸型防腐剂：常用的有苯甲酸、山梨酸和丙酸（及其盐类）。这类防腐剂的抑菌效果主要取决于它们未解离的酸分子，其效力随PH 而定，酸性越大，效果越好，在碱性环境中几乎无效。1．苯甲酸及其钠盐：苯甲酸又名安息香酸。由于其在水中溶解度低，故多使用其钠盐。成本低廉。苯甲酸进入机体后，大部分在9~15小时内与甘氨酸化合成马尿酸而从尿中排出，剩余部分与葡萄糖醛酸结合而解毒。2．山梨酸及其盐类：又名花楸酸。由于在水中的溶解度有限，故常使用其钾盐。山梨酸是一种不饱和脂肪酸，可参与机体的正常代谢过程，并被同化产生二氧化碳和水，故山梨酸可看成是食品的成分，按照目前的资料可以认为对人体是无害的。。3．丙酸及其盐类：抑菌作用较弱，使用量较高。常用于面包糕点类，价格也较低廉。丙酸及其盐类，其毒性低，可认为是食品的正常成分，也是人体内代谢的正常中间产物。4．脱氢醋酸（dehydroacetic acid）及其钠盐：为广谱防腐剂，特别是对霉菌和酵母的抑菌能力较强，为苯甲酸钠的2~10倍。本品能迅速被人体吸收，并分布于血液和许多组织中。但有抑制体内多种氧化酶的作用，其安全性受到怀疑，故已逐步被山梨酸所取代，其ADI值尚未规定。二、酯型防腐剂：包括对羟基苯甲酸酯类（有甲、乙、丙、异丙、丁、异丁、庚等）。成本较高。对霉菌、酵母与细菌有广泛的抗菌作用。对霉菌和酵母的作用较强，但对细菌特别是革兰氏阴性杆菌及乳酸菌的作用较差。作用机理为抑制微生物细胞呼吸酶和电子传递酶系的活性，以及破坏微生物的细胞膜结构。其抑菌的能力随烷基链的增长而增强；溶解度随酯基碳链长度的增加而下降，但毒性则相反。但对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和丙酯复配使用可增加其溶解度，且有增效作用。在胃肠道内能迅速完全吸收，并水解成对羟基苯甲酸而从尿中排出，不在体内蓄积。我国目前仅限于应用丙酯和乙酯。三、生物型防腐剂主要是乳酸链球菌素。乳酸链球菌素是乳酸链球菌属微生物的代谢产物，可用乳酸链球菌发酵提取而得。乳酸链球菌素的优点是在人体的消化道内可为蛋白水解酶所降解，因而不以原有的形式被吸收入体内，是一种比较安全的防腐剂。，不会向抗生素那样改变肠道正常菌群，以及引起常用其它抗生素的耐药性，更不会与其它抗生素出现交叉抗性。其它防腐剂包括双乙酸钠，既是一种防腐剂，也是一种螯合剂。对谷类和豆制品有防止霉菌繁殖的作用。仲丁胺，本品不应添加于加工食品中，只在水果、蔬菜储存期防腐使用。市售的保鲜剂如克霉灵、保果灵等均是以仲丁胺为有效成分的制剂。二氧化碳，二氧化碳分压的增高，影响需氧微生物对氧的利用，能终止各种微生物呼吸代谢，如高食品中存在着大量二氧化碳可改变食品表面的PH，而使微生物失去生存的必要条件。但二氧化碳只能抑制微生物生长，而不能杀死微生物。八、甜味剂是指赋予食品甜味的食品添加剂。按来源可分为：（1）天然甜味剂，又分为糖醇类和非糖类。其中①糖醇类有：木糖醇、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽糖醇、赤鲜糖醇；②非糖类包括：甜菊糖甙、甘草、奇异果素、罗汉果素、索马甜。（2）人工合成甜味剂其中磺胺类有：糖精、环己基氨基磺酸钠、乙酰磺胺酸钾。二肽类有：天门冬酰苯丙酸甲酯（又阿斯巴甜）、1-a-天冬氨酰-N-（2，2，4，4-四甲基-3-硫化三亚甲基）-D-丙氨酰胺（又称阿力甜）。蔗糖的衍生物有：三氯蔗糖、异麦芽酮糖醇（又称帕拉金糖）、新糖（果糖低聚糖）。此外，按营养价值可分为营养性和非营养性甜味剂，如蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖等也是天然甜味剂。由于这些糖类除赋予食品以甜味外，还是重要的营养素，供给人体以热能，通常被视做食品原料，一般不作为食品添加剂加以控制。1．糖精：学名为邻-磺酰苯甲酰，是世界各国广泛使用的一种人工合成甜味剂，价格低廉，甜度大，其甜度相当于蔗糖的300~500倍，由于糖精在水中的溶解度低，故我国添加剂标准中规定使用其钠盐（糖精钠），量大时呈现苦味。一般认为糖精纳在体内不被分解，不被利用，大部分从尿排出而不损害肾功能。不改变体内酶系统的活性。全世界广泛使用糖精数十年，尚未发现对人体的毒害作用。2．环己基胺基磺酸钠（甜蜜素）：1958年在美国被列为“一般认为是安全物质”而广泛使用，但在70年代曾报道本品对动物有致癌作用，1982年的FAO/WHO报告证明无致癌性。美国FDA长期实验于1984年宣布无致癌性。但美国国家科学研究委员会和国家科学院仍认为有促癌和可能致癌作用。故在美国至今仍属于禁用于食品的物质。3．天门冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯（阿斯巴甜）。其甜度蔗糖的100~200倍，味感接近于蔗糖。是一种二肽衍生物，食用后在体内分解成相应的氨基酸。我国规定可用于罐头食品外的其他食品，其用量按生产需要适量使用。此外也发现了许多含有天门冬氨酸的二肽衍生物，如阿力甜，亦属于氨基酸甜味剂，属于天然原料合成，甜度高。4．乙酰磺胺酸钾：本品对光、热（225℃）均稳定，甜感持续时间长，味感由于糖精钠，吸收后迅速从尿中排除，不在体内蓄积，与天门冬氨酰甲酯1：1合用，有明显的增效作用。5．糖醇类甜味剂：糖醇类甜味剂属于一类天然甜味剂，其甜味与蔗糖近似，多系低热能的甜味剂。品种很多，如山梨醇、木糖醇、甘露醇和麦芽糖醇等，有的存在于天然食品中，多数的通过将相应的糖氢化所得。而其前体物则来自天然食品。由于糖醇类甜味剂升血糖指数低，也不产酸，故多用做糖尿病、肥胖病患者的甜味剂和具有防止龋齿的作用。该类物质多数具有一定的吸水性，对改善脱水食品复水性、控制结晶、降低水分活性均有一定的作用。但由于糖醇的吸收率较低，尤其是木糖醇，在大量食用时有一定的导致腹泻的能力。6．甜叶菊甙：为甜叶菊中含的一种强甜味成分，是一种含二萜烯的糖苷。甜度约为蔗糖的300倍。但甜叶菊甙的口感差，有甘草味，浓度高时有苦味，因此往往与蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖等混用，并与柠檬酸、苹果酸等合用以减弱苦为或通过果糖基转移酶或α-葡萄糖基转移酶使之改变结构而矫正其缺点。国外曾对其作过大量的毒性实验，均未显示毒性作用。而在食用时间较长的国家，如巴拉圭对本品已有100年食用史，日本也使用达15年以上，均未见不良副作用报道。此外，可由甘草、罗汉果、索马甜、非洲竹竿等中可提取天然甜味剂。

1.表示泛指的食物或食物总体时是不可数名词[U]如：ashortageoffood食物短缺2.表示固体的食物时是不可数名词[U]如：Withoutfoodanddrinkwecannotsurviveforlong.没有食物和水我们活不了多久。3.表示特定的食品时是可数名词[C]如：healthfoods保健食品babyfoods婴儿食品frozenfoods冷冻食品seafoods海鲜

她一定从没吃过含添加剂的食物

写作思路：可以从美国人的饮食文化这个角度出发进行阐述，中心要明确，语言要通顺连贯，避免语法使用不当。正文：American food culture is not exquisite, the pursuit of fast and convenient, not luxurious, more popular. Three meals a day are more casual, it is possible that all the time on the work.美国式饮食文化是不讲究精细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。一日三餐都比较随便，有可能都把时间放在工作上了。The foods that Americans come into contact with most in their daily life are hamburgers, fried chicken, pizza, sauce noodles, tacos, sandwiches, hot dogs and French fries, all of which were imported from Western Europe in the early days.美国人日常生活接触到最多的食品如汉堡包、炸鸡、比萨、酱汁面条、塔可卷饼、三明治、热狗、炸薯条，这些全都是早期从西欧各国传入的舶来品。Americans like to eat sweet and sour fish, mutton, fried beef, fried steak, fried pork chop, roast chicken, fried chicken and other meat dishes, like to use ice water, mineral water, Coca Cola, beer, whisky, brandy and other drinks, like to add ice in the drink, do not like tea.美国人喜欢吃糖醋鱼、咕噜肉、炸牛肉、炸牛排、炸猪排、烤鸡、炸仔鸡等肉食菜品，爱用冰水、矿泉水、可口可乐、啤酒、威士忌、白兰地等饮料，喜欢在饮料中加冰块，不喜欢饮茶。Tomato juice and orange juice are used as appetizers before meals. Beer, wine, soft drinks and other drinks are used to drinking during meals. Coffee is used after meals, and liquor is seldom used.饭前以蕃茄汁、橙汁等作为开胃饮料，吃饭时习惯饮用啤酒、葡萄酒、汽水等饮料，饭后则喝咖啡，很少喝烈性酒。Americans don"t like pig"s feet, chicken feet, sea cucumber, animal viscera, fat meat, etc. When cooking, the basic seasoning is salt and pepper. The seasoning is taken from the table, including soy sauce, vinegar, monosodium glutamate, pepper, chili powder, etc.美国人不爱吃猪蹄、鸡爪、海参、动物内脏、肥肉等。烹饪时基本调料为盐和胡椒，调料放在餐桌上自取，有酱油、醋、味精、胡椒粉、辣椒粉等。

Food and Health The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things in the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1. What is the beat possible title of the passage?A. Drug and Food B. Cancer and Health C. Food and Health D. Health and Dealth2.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.B. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.C.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty_five years.D. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3. How has science done something harmful to mankind?A. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.C. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmly substances have been added to food.D. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.4. What are nitrates used for?A. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.B. They preserve the color of meats. C. They are the objects of research.D. They cause the animals to become fatter.5. The word" carinogenic" most nearly means "_____"A. trouble_making B. color_retainC. money_making D. cancer_causing

都知道了还问？

1）首先,a variety of 和 varieties of 的用法是一样的，只是样子不一样罢了。正如，a lot of 和 lots of 一样。2）二者即可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词。3）作主语时，后面谓语动词的单复数要根据of后的名词单复数而定。如a variety of (或varieties of )books后面要用are，因为中心词始终是books，不要被前面的修饰词迷惑。4）a variety of是“多种多样的……”或 “一种…”，the variety of的意思是“…品种, 种类”；而varieties of的意思是“多种多样的…；各种…”eg.1.a variety of + 可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用复数; a variety of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。1) A variety of food is sold at a supermarket. 超级市场各式各样的食物均有出售。2) Many varieties of natural soaps of are sold in the market.3) We"re going to grow a new variety of wheat this year. 今年我们要种植一种新品种的小麦。2．varieties of + 复数形式，谓语动词用复数1) New Varieties of Food Additives, which were deliberated ...... 2) New Varieties of food has not yet been found by human.3. the variety of的意思是“…品种, 种类” 1) The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的货物品种丰富。2) Varieties of books are being sold at this bookshop.

问题一：严格的英文单词怎么写 严格 [词典] strict; rigorous; stringent; rigid; [例句]对食品添加剂进行了严格的安全检测。 Strict safety tests are carried out on food additives. 问题二：严肃的英语单词怎么写 grave 表情沉重的，严肃的 he looks grave 他看起来很严肃。 solumn 庄严的 严肃的 serious 严重的 严肃的 i am serious 我是认真的（严肃的） 形容人的表情的表情的话，建议用grave solumn 更倾向于形容庄严的建筑物 问题三：最严厉的惩罚 英语单词怎么写的 The most severe punishment 问题四：对末人严格的英语单词怎么写 be strict with *** .. 问题五：严厉的英文单词 严厉 severe 问题六：怎样在XP下发布自己做的网页 5分 安装iis xp的光盘里边附带有ii鸡5.0的。你只需要放入光盘，选择安装附件。里边找到internet信息服务器(iis)安装上就可以啦。具体的iis设置可以参考帮助信息。 另外xp所能支持的iis有在线人数限制，大约是10人左右。 问题七：严肃的英语单词怎么写？ 严肃[yán sù] [词典]serious; solemn; grave; sober; harshness; [例句]这是一个非常严肃的问题。 This is a very deep question. 问题八：她严厉吗?是的,有时候她很严厉的英语句子怎么写? ------Is she strict？ ------Yes，sometimes she"s very strict.

1）首先,a variety of 和 varieties of 的用法是一样的，只是样子不一样罢了。正如，a lot of 和 lots of 一样。2）二者即可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词。3）作主语时，后面谓语动词的单复数要根据of后的名词单复数而定。如a variety of (或varieties of )books后面要用are，因为中心词始终是books，不要被前面的修饰词迷惑。4）a variety of是“多种多样的……”或 “一种…”，the variety of的意思是“…品种, 种类”；而varieties of的意思是“多种多样的…；各种…”eg.1.a variety of + 可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用复数; a variety of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。1) A variety of food is sold at a supermarket. 超级市场各式各样的食物均有出售。2) Many varieties of natural soaps of are sold in the market.3) We"re going to grow a new variety of wheat this year. 今年我们要种植一种新品种的小麦。2．varieties of + 复数形式，谓语动词用复数1) New Varieties of Food Additives, which were deliberated ...... 2) New Varieties of food has not yet been found by human.3. the variety of的意思是“…品种, 种类” 1) The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的货物品种丰富。2) Varieties of books are being sold at this bookshop.

1：a variety of + 复数形式，谓语动词用单数： I have a variety of books at home. Society is made up of a variety of people. A variety of other drying places was devised. 2：varieties of + 复数形式，谓语动词用复数 We offer over 100 different varieties of Corn Snakes. Varieties of Lattices . New Varieties of Food Additives, which were deliberated ...... 类似这类量词都是一致的，比如a great amount of 和 great amounts of.

There are lots of additive in junk food或The junk food contains lots of additive

crocky的英语读：英["kru0252ku026a]美["kru0252ku026a]造句：1、crunchy sesame chicken2、Creamy egg yolk with crunchy shredded coconut.3、Clothes stored in my bedroom froze crunchy.4、They are crispy and crunchy like lettuce.5、crisp carrot and celery sticks; a firm apple; crunchy lettuce.6、Scorpion is very crunchy and tastes like dried fish.7、Give them the word "crunchy" and watch them go.8、I love cornflakes, which are crunchy and delicious.9、Banana chips, dipped in honey or sugar, natural banana taste, crunchy golden yellowno artificial additives.10、The texture is crunchy, but smelt a little of cab food.ia11Some children eat only crunchy foods, while others will stick to a white-foods-onlydiet.

How to maintain consumption of food and safetyThe measure of whether a food is as expected, is the “general public"s perception.” To determine this, and collect, the legislature has established the German food book (§ 33 LMBG). Here is what the consumer sees commonly bee sting or rolled roasts. The Food Paper has such great importance in cases of dispute, as its non-legally binding guidelines are in the nature of expert opinion. We also find in local supermarkets and specialty products from all over Europe. Also on the trade in foodstuffs within the European Union therefore takes the LMBG position (§ 47a). It applies the principle of mutual recognition. Thus, any product that may be made in another EU Member State in accordance with the laws and regulations and is on the market, sold on the German market. This also applies if it is not likely to produce according to local laws (because, for example, an illegal in Germany, contains an ingredient). Food from countries not belonging to the EU, may only be placed on the European market if they comply with European regulations, or where the recipient country. The LMBG is supplemented by numerous regulations and laws that regulate issues of special products or production. So writes the Food Hygiene Regulation (LMHV) eg Precautions when handling food before. The additive Zulassungsverordnung (ZZulV) regulates in detail which additives may be used in the manufacture of food products. The food labeling regulations (LMKV) contains the rules about what information on the packaging of the food must be found. Moreover, there are many foods for specific regulations, which set out requirements for the manufacture, marketing and labeling as well as specific health conditions. Are important to include the regulation of fruit juice, the wine law and the meat regulation. In order to comply with the hygiene regulations and ensure the safety of food, there is the food. It is the responsibility of the provinces, which they carry out with the help of the local competent food control authorities. These are usually in the public order, the local police or the Veterinary found. In every State shall be referred to as sample and control plans that specify which operations when and where the samples tested will be taken. Specially trained food inspectors come a unannounced once or twice a year in each facility that has to do with food. Supermarkets, weekly market stalls, factory canteens, slaughterhouses – at all stages of food production and in all enterprises is controlled. Companies that produce particularly sensitive, perishable foodstuffs, processing or marketing, also be monitored intensively. The supermarket and weekly market stall is the last stop of a food on its way from production of raw materials to consumers. Here too, the provisions of LMHV. Particularly sensitive areas are the meat and cheese counter, the salad bar as well as the freezers. The salespeople are required to wash their hands regularly and to keep clean the clothes and the work environment. Although it is allowed to handle meat and cheese with his bare hand, but forks are a lot more hygienic. When goods are cut due to the larger surface area, the risk that spoilage organisms settle bigger. Sliced sausage should not therefore be handled with bare hands. Raw poultry is often contaminated with salmonella. It with his bare hands and then touching other meat or even cheese is banned for that reason. It is also risky to go straight without washing their hands between the meat and cheese counter. In this way, salmonella or other bacteria could be transferred to the cheese. Is inadmissible to use for meat, cheese and sausage the same cutting machine. Salads and dressings spoil easily. Therefore, the counters shall be of easily cleanable shielding to prevent the coughing, Anniesen or direct contact. The cutlery for removal should be long enough so that it can not fall into the salad, and the dishes should be arranged so that the salads are not affected when it is served. For frozen meat and fish products is a cooling temperature of -18 ° C important. In the trade, but small fluctuations are tolerated. While vegetables at elevated temperature, only to lose flavor and vitamins, there is fish and meat is a risk that bacteria multiply. Due to the special situation is also sold at local markets pay attention to a few. Needless to say, it stands hygienic weekly reach. Meat, fish, salads or cheese need to be here also protected by shields. Raw meat at markets should not even be sold. The labeling requirements are respected. It is usually not a problem for salads and similar products weighed wish to bring your own vessel on the market. Before that, however, the dealer should be asked. The need to balance the fact of his “tare function, which subtracts the weight of the container weighed automatically. From the hygienic point of view, there are no objections, fruits and vegetables before you buy befühlen with his hands, since all varieties should be washed before eating. Since the product but the retailer belongs to them paid by the customer, he will decide whether fruits and vegetables may be feels. On customized classes one can choose in the rule itself, which comes in the bag. But wrapped up by the dealer, you can be unlucky and find when unpacking at home too mushy apples. That must put up with anyone. First, the seller may deliver only flawless, pristine product. On the other hand gives the classification, which definitely needs to be characterized, in principle, a promise of quality. Says the sign at the apple “Hkl.1〃, then land must also be in the bag by the consumer classification 1st Despite all the precautions and controls, it is always possible that the cheese in the supermarket yesterday bought out upon opening the box as moldy. Who wants to reclaim food, has several options: The easiest way is a complaint to the dealer. This has to bear in accordance with its warranty obligations to ensure that the goods marketed by him is perfect. Accordingly, he is obliged to take back corrupt or damaged goods, and provide replacement. Therefore, the customer must e.g. with the receipt to prove that the complained the product was actually purchased there. Even a complaint with the manufacturers is possible. Sometimes companies add their product with a guarantee of quality on which they assert that the product has left their house in perfect condition. Especially with biscuits and chocolate which is often the case. If the consumer has reason to object, he can send the original packaging along with the complaint, stating the place of purchase to the company and is replaced in most cases, replacement. Even if no such quality guarantee was given, may be worth this way. It becomes more difficult if you want to reclaim the goods from the weekly market. There is usually no receipt so far. In addition, the market often takes place daily, so that complaints can not be immediately raised. Therefore, it is advisable to check the goods just before the purchase. A complaint to the dealer must nevertheless not be in vain. Often the sellers trust the customer to apologize and give compensation. The seller retains stubbornly unrepentant, a loud conversation that is heard by many people standing around lead to success.Occur after eating or symptoms can be found foreign objects in food, this is a case for local food. Here it must be assumed that other people are at risk. In order to be able to act quickly, requires the Authority and Others the following information: 1. As the food was packaged and labeled (expiration date, classification, quantity)2.When was loose items, as it was labeled? Name of the manufacturer or importer3.Wo it was purchased and when?4.Unter what terms were offered the food or stored (self-service, refrigerated)?5.Welcher defect was observed when?6.Gab it by smell or taste different or altered appearance, for example, flocculation, turbidity?7.How the food was stored at home, how much time was between purchase and consumption?8.Wie much time passed between consumption and physical ailments? A suspect food should be delivered in its original packaging, which requires the supervisory authority for the further prosecution of suspicion. In the event of a complaint, which seeks to prevent a threat to other people, is the study of charge. 希望对你有所帮助

第一篇The Advantages and Disadvantages of Eating Fast FoodFast foods, such as hamburger and pizza only need a short time to order. Moreover, nowadays, the restaurants which sell them can be found easily. Therefore, no matter when you are hungry, or wherever you are, there is probably at least one fast food restaurant just a short drive away.Another advantage of eating fast foods is that they have a good taste. For instance, french fries, spaghetti and fried chicken have special flavor which make the consumers be addicted. Because in fact, such fast foods are added with additives, such as Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and sodium which can improve the taste of food. However, eating fast foods also has disadvantage is that it is one of factors causing obesity. Generally, fast foods have many of calories and these accumulate in the body as fat deposits that can cause obesity. In addition, with obesity come other problems like high blood pressure and diseases of the joints. Some researchers have shown that there is a direct link between fast food and obesity on children.All in all, human being should think twice if they want to eat fast foods in order to keep away from the negative impacts.第二篇The Advantages and Disadvantages of Eating Fast FoodThere are many reasons that many people love to eat fast food. It is fast and easy to eat food which makes us satisfy.There are too many researches about disadvantage of fast food. I think that fast food has more hamful properties than benefit onesThe Advantages are only two:1. It saves your time.2. It catches with your taste buds.The disadvantage lists is quite longer than the advantage lists and are as follows:1. Heart disease – High saturated and trans fat along with high sodium content damages the arteries and high cholesterol clogs the arteries.2. Obesity – High calories slowly settle down in your body and make you fat.3. Peptic Ulcer – Excessive spicy foods induces peptic ulcer.4. Lack of essential nutrients –Being low on nutrients, these junk foods are causing severe lack of essential vitamins, minerals, and other essential components in our body.5. Irregular food habits – These instant and readily available foods have given us a very negative attitude and bad food habits of eating while working or eating while driving or delaying eating time.6. Addiction – These are highly addictive. Once your child get addictive, it will become very difficult for you to make them understand all the pros and con.

食品级甲酸钙，甲酸钙食品添加剂

1,What do you think of the most difficult when learning English?- I think the pronounsation of english words is the most difficult when learning English but i can handle it well.2,Making self-introduction.- Hi I"m *****, I"m ** years old and i"m graduated from ***.3,What do you think of your college ?- I think my college is the best place for me to learn new stuff.4,What is your farourit sport ?- My favourite sport is playin basketball, becaouse it keeps me healthy after the sweating of the game.5,What do you think of the regula physical exescise ?- It"s good for health.6,Asking and giving directions.- Answer in your opinion.7,Talking about the weather.- It depends on the day.8,What does "Afriend in need is afriend in deed "mean.- when we"re in trouble, the friend who can help us is the true friend.9,What is you favorite food ?- My favourite food is fried chicken.10,What do you think of fast-food ?- It is tasty and delicious but it is not good for health.11,How does diet affect people"s health ?- Diet is the important way to keep oneself healthy because many deseases is cause by unsuitable food and over weigh is will cause many desease such as diabetes and so on.

问题一：严厉英文怎么说 strict 问题二：严厉用英语怎么说 strict 望采纳 啊啊 问题三：严厉的英文 严厉 yan li 1.severe; harsh; stern; heavy; astringent; stiff 2.severely 3.(of critici *** , etc.) biting; blistering; s户athing 问题四：严格用英语怎么写 strict a. 1. 严格的;严厉的[(+with)] He is very strict with his students. 他对学生非常严格。 2. 严谨的,精确的 He told the strict truth. 他讲的情况完全属实。 3. 完全的,绝对的 She was pledged to keep it a st俯ict secret. 她发誓对此事绝对保密。 4. 周密的,详细的 We made a strict inquiry into the incident. 我们对这一事件作了周密的调查。 注意： be strict about/on sth：对某事严格。 be strict with *** ：对某人严格。 问题五：不要对自己太严厉用英语怎么说 don"t treat yourself too strictly 问题六：严格的英文是什么？ 严格 词性及解释 strictness; severity; exactitude; grimness; rigour; sternness; stringency 【法】 rigou; stringency 问题七：严厉的用英语怎么写 strict 问题八：严格的英文单词怎么写 严格 [词典] strict; rigorous; stringent; rigid; [例句]对食品添加剂进行了严格的安全检测。 Strict safety tests are carried out on food additives. 问题九：她严厉吗?是的,有时候她很严厉的英语句子怎么写? ------Is she strict？ ------Yes，sometimes she"s very strict. 问题十：严肃的英语单词怎么写 grave 表情沉重的，严肃的 he looks grave 他看起来很严肃。 solumn 庄严的 严肃的 serious 严重的 严肃的 i am serious 我是认真的（严肃的） 形容人的表情的表情的话，建议用grave solumn 更倾向于形容庄严的建筑物

Hunger breeds, with the increasing prosperity of China"s national economy development, chemical food additives more and more species, but at the same time there have been people"s food security concerns and other issues. Food quality and food security has become the focus of attention the vast number of consumers, food safety seriously affecting the development of China"s food industry.In recent years, can not be optimistic about China"s food safety, has been used in this article from the composition of food additives, as well as proceed with an analysis of the development process, for facing present-day chemical composition of food in people"s body and thus a correct understanding of food to add the chemical composition of the body of the people impacts and hazards, called on the community of chemical and food industries to the health of human-centered efforts to develop green and healthy food

同意楼上的看法。这么长的文字，人家辛辛苦苦做了 你才给5分，何况你还不定会选谁的。

楼主你好，读 ：丝去特

然后在绘图区域点右键，选择Characteristics，里面子菜单Peak Response、Settling Time、Rise Time，选中之后会在曲线上标出几个圆点，鼠标移到圆点上方就会显示相应的性能指标(知道这个指标对应的英语吧？)。先用自动控制方面的知识确定该2阶传递函数(应该为2阶的)，再用step命令这个很基本啊，照着公式输不久得了。。>> t=0:0.1:100;>> y=1-exp(-0.34*t)+(sin(4.5*t+pi/6)-sin(pi/6)).*exp(-0.12*t)+(cos(18.2*t+pi/12)-cos(pi/12)).*exp(-0.45*t);>> plot(t,y);超调量什么的根据公式自己求吧，我都忘了用impulse，step等函数画出响应曲线，在曲线上，右击，有系统函数的超调量、峰值时间等matlab的练习题,不知道怎么做,求指点.求超调量、上升时间、峰值时间、调节时间 ： 不要用plot自己画图,直接用step函数:step(t,sys);然后在绘图区域点右键,选择Characteristics,里面子菜单Peak Response、Settling Time、Rise Time,选中之后会在曲线上标出几个圆点,鼠标移到圆点上方就会显示相应的性能指标(知道这个指标对应的英语吧?).MATLAB,练习题.请问一下我写对了没有?_ ： 你这个联系题,做法是对的(矩阵除法).也可以用逆矩阵计算. X=ABX=inv(A)*B...MATLAB初学者作业题,不是太懂..._ ： M=3;N=5;a=rand(M,1); %这一行可以改成你要的a1,a2,a3的值M=a(:)*[1:N]%上面只用了一句(用的是矩阵乘法),当然也可以用循环...跪求MATLAB课后习题答案,求好心人啊!_ ： 1,下面为m文件代码i=-0.1;j=1;if i==0 i=i+0.005;%此步为了避免fzero(f,0)解不出endwhile(i<=0.1) f=@(x)x*sin(1/x);%创建函数句柄 x(j)=fzero(f,i);%用fzero函数求解i附近的零点 j=j+1; i=i+0.005;endx%此时x为一向量2,>> length=@(x)5./cos(x)+10...

农夫山泉产地分别位于：浙江千岛湖、吉林长白山、湖北丹江口、广东万绿湖、陕西太白山、新疆天山玛纳斯、四川峨眉山、以及贵州武陵山，其中浙江千岛湖、吉林长白山、广东万绿湖、湖北丹江口是主要的水源地。农夫山泉公司自从成功上市之后，股价飙升，市值已经超过千亿，很多人在惊叹之余，未免对农夫山泉产地在哪里产生了好奇，下面让我们一起去了解农夫山泉的产地吧。详细内容01浙江千岛湖：位于浙江省杭州市淳安县境内，小部分连接建德市西北，是为建新安江水电站拦蓄新安江下游而成的人工湖，1955年始建，1960年建成。千岛湖水在中国大江大湖中位居优质水之首，为国家一级水体，不经任何处理即达饮用水标准，被誉为“天下第一秀水”。请点击输入图片描述02长白山天然矿泉水靖宇水源保护区：靖宇火山矿泉群地处长白山系龙岗山脉北段东坡，位于吉林省靖宇县西南部，是长白山天然矿泉水靖宇水源保护区和长白山天然林保护工程的重要组成部分。公园内的矿泉群多为低矿化的重碳酸镁钙型含偏硅酸矿泉水，矿泉分布集中，储量丰富，流量稳定，水质优良。请点击输入图片描述03丹江口：丹江口位于中国中南地区湖北省、汉江中上游，有“中国水都”之称，是国家旅游名片、中国优秀旅游城市。丹江口市水资源状况总的来说自产水少，过境水多，容水量大。请点击输入图片描述04万绿湖（新丰江水库）：万绿湖是华南地区第一大湖，又名新丰江水库，是华南最大的生态旅游名胜，因四季皆绿，处处皆绿而得名。大坝筑在河源市城郊。坝址以上控制集水面积5740平方公里。1958年7月破土动工，1969年建成。请点击输入图片描述05农夫山泉瓶身上注明了水的来源，有的是山泉水，有的是深层湖水。农夫山泉选取了无污染水源，除去水中含有的极少的杂质，水中保留着钾、钙、钠、镁、偏硅酸等矿元素。请点击输入图片描述

以我目前的水平只能回答你第三个问题。直接用G当然也可以，但是因为C语言按值传递，而G应该是一个挺大的结构体，将其复制一遍应当有较大开销；如果使用指针做参数，那么就省去了复制整个结构体的开销，而只用复制一个指针（相当于无符号整数）。按指针传递在很多情况下都被用来降低传值开销的。

诺言李翊君在静静的湖边,我把你拥抱入怀,我们便许下许多诺言,我相信我们许下的诺言,请不要再怀疑,只要相信我爱你,真心爱已经是最大最真的诺言,到了今天你是不是还记得我们的诺言,它不曾结束也不曾改变,到了现在你是不是已有了新的爱恋,在你心里是不是还有我出现,难道我们就不能回到从前在静静的湖边,我把你拥抱入怀,我们便许下许多诺言,我相信我们许下的诺言,请不要再怀疑,只要相信我爱你,真心爱已经是最大最真的诺言,到了今天你是不是还记得我们的诺言,它不曾结束也不曾改变,到了现在你是不是已有了新的爱恋,在你心里是不是还有我出现,难道我们就不能回到从前读白:我现在唯1的希望,就是你会到我的身旁,我现在甚么都可以放弃,但是不会放弃你回到我身旁这个欲望,这个欲望在我心里不曾断过,我很想告知你,没有你就等于我的世界没有了太阳,到了今天你是不是还记得我们的诺言,它不曾结束也不曾改变,到了现在你是不是已有了新的爱恋,在你心里是不是还有我出现,难道我们就不能回到从前难道我们就不能回到从前

得益于学校的管理你懂得、、、、、、、、、、、、

蜘蛛侠“Spider”是蜘蛛的意思。“man”是人，男人的意思，这里译作“侠”。就和“Superman”一样。“Super”是超级的意思。“man”是人，男人的意思。合起来就是超人。

柳下惠是中国古代思想家、政治家、教育家，鲁国大夫展无骇之子。柳下惠（公元前720年—公元前621年），姬姓，展氏，名获，字季禽（展氏族谱记载），又有字子禽一说，鲁国柳下邑人（今孝直镇人）。中国古代思想家、政治家、教育家，鲁国大夫展无骇之子。曾任鲁国士师，掌管刑罚狱讼之事。作为遵守中国传统道德的典范，其“坐怀不乱”的故事广为传颂。孔子以为“被遗落的贤人”，孟子尊为“和圣”。周襄王三十一年（公元前621年），卒于鲁地故赵村，享年一百岁，谥号为惠。因其封地在柳下，后人尊称其为“柳下惠”，是百家姓“展”姓和“柳”姓的得姓始祖。人物思想柳下惠选择坚持“直道而事人”，最后只能去官隐遁，成为“逸民”。《论语》记载孔子对柳下惠的评价是：“降志辱身矣，言中伦、行中虑，其斯而已矣。”意思是，相比伯夷、叔齐的宁肯饿死也不食周粟，柳下惠肯降低自己的理想，虽然屈辱了身份，但是能做到言行举止合乎道德和理智。《左传》中孔子也把臧文仲让柳下惠下台，列为臧氏执政的“三不仁”之一，表示谴责。除了“百世之师”之外，“柳下惠坐怀不乱”的典故在现代的用语之中，一方面常被理解为男人有能力控制自己的性欲之外；另一方面也用于称赞真正的男人为人正直、意志坚强。

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农夫山泉饮用水和矿泉水的区别有：1、水质不同：农夫山泉天然水取自长白山莫涯泉2号泉，水的矿物盐含量适中，口感清冽，呈天然弱碱性，而矿泉水在地层深部循环形成，含有特殊的化学成分和物理性质。2、矿物质含量不同：农夫山泉饮用水含有一定量的矿物质，但含量低于矿泉水，矿泉水含有矿物盐、微量元素或二氧化碳气体，矿泉水中含有较多的矿物质，某些特定元素对人体饮用有保健作用。

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